RNA甲醛琼脂糖凝胶电泳的优化及探讨

目的：优化RNA甲醛琼脂糖凝胶电泳条件。方法：对实验器材进行彻底的RNase灭活处理;在原有电泳过程的基础上,增加预电泳、缓冲液液面的处理和制胶过程中未加入溴化乙锭等优化过程。结果：优化后的电泳不仅能验证总RNA的完整性,而且能鉴定RNA的分子大小。结论：优化的RNA甲醛琼脂糖凝胶电泳法操作简单、省时、快速,RNA条带清晰、定位准确、无弥散及非特异条带。     

新疆大麦条纹花叶病毒的研究——Ⅰ.病毒株系类型的鉴定及核酸的体外翻译

我国大麦条纹花叶病毒(BSMV)新疆分离物的RNA,在50％甲酰胺6％甲醛中,50℃处理15分钟,使RNA分子链呈真正的均一状态后,在含甲醛的琼脂糖凝胶上电泳,核酸变性电泳结果显示该病毒为三组分RNA株系,编号为RNA_1,RNA_2,RNA_3,分子量分别为1.40—1.44×10~(?),1.20—1.28×10~0,1.06—1.09×10~6。经制备凝胶电泳分离出的各RNA组分在兔网织红细胞溶胞液的无细胞体系中,RNA_1的翻译产物为120K的蛋白,RNA_2翻译产物主要为25K和一个85K蛋白,其中25K蛋白由于与天然BSMV外壳蛋白共电泳,该蛋白中没有甲硫氨酸,以及能被BSMV抗血清沉淀,而被确定为BSMV外壳蛋白。RNA_3的翻译产物为75K蛋白。     

肝素对逆转录抑制作用的研究

目的:研究肝素在逆转录过程中的作用.方法:提取人肺胚胎二倍体细胞和肝素抗凝血中总RNA,经1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳鉴定RNA的质量好后,逆转录合成相应的cDNA,分别进行看家基因β-actin的聚合酶链反应(PCR),其产物用1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测;用基因芯片技术检测cDNA.将肝素抗凝血中提取的总RNA分为等量的两部分,分别用肝素酶或氯化锂处理RNA进行逆转录为cDNA和RNA合成cDNA后再用肝素酶或氯化锂处理,分别进行看家基因β-actin的聚合酶链反应(PCR),其产物用1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测;并用基因芯片技术检测氯化锂处理RNA后cDNA.结果:二倍体细胞来源的RNA为模板,能扩增出β-actin产物,并且在基因芯片上有杂交点.肝素抗凝血来源的RNA,在肝素酶或氯化锂作用后行逆转录者,能扩增到β-actin的目的片段,且基因芯片上有杂交点;而在未处理者不能扩增到目的片段,且基因芯片上无杂交点.结论:肝素是一种逆转录的抑制剂.对RNA逆转录cDNA过程有较强的抑制作用.     

一种提取小鼠表皮总RNA的新方法

目的:建立一种从小鼠表皮组织提取高质量RNA的方法。方法:用热击法分离小鼠表皮,用TRIzol法提取RNA,用紫外分光光度计测定RNA的产率和纯度,用琼脂糖电泳和RT-PCR检测RNA的质量和完整性。结果:采用新方法提取的小鼠表皮总RNA,其D260nm/D280nm值为1.8～2.0,大于1.5,且RNA产率高于100μg/g;琼脂糖电泳出现5S、18S和28S等3条清晰的rRNA条带,而且28SrRNA条带的亮度约为18S的2倍;用新方法制备的总RNA可成功地用于RT-PCR实验。结论:采用热击法分离表皮并结合TRIzol法可提取到高质量、完整性好的小鼠表皮总RNA,并能用于相关的分子生物学实验。     

16份石榴RAPD扩增产物的两种电泳方法检测及其序列特征

本实验以16个石榴品种为实验材料,筛选出10个重复性及多态性均较好的引物进行RAPD分析。分别采用琼脂糖凝胶以及聚丙烯酰胺凝胶(PAGE)电泳检测方法对PCR扩增结果进行检测并对其结果进行比较,结果显示,两种电泳方式均能得到较为清晰的扩增条带,且两种电泳方式获得的条带总数及多态性条带数均有所不同,琼脂糖凝胶电泳方法共检测出76条带,其中有43条为多态性谱带,多态性比率为56.4%;而在PAGE电泳方法共检测出123条谱带,多态性谱带数为87条,多态性比率为70.95%。PAGE电泳方法检测出的条带数约为琼脂糖凝胶电泳方法检测出条带数的1.5倍。基于两种电泳方法所得RAPD标记的多态性位点,利用NYSYS软件计算遗传相似系数,并构建遗传关系聚类图,分析结果显示,石榴遗传多样性丰富,两种电泳方法所得聚类结果大致相同,可以利用RAPD分子标记及两种电泳检测方法对不同数量的石榴进行分子水平的品种鉴定和遗传多样性的分析。同时通过对来自几个引物随机挑选的17个片段进行克隆,测序结果显示17个片段都是对应引物的RAPD扩增产物,其中有3条是编码蛋白的基因片段,表明了RAPD不仅扩增基因组上的非编码蛋白序列,同时也可以扩增编码蛋白的基因片段,这为更好地认识RAPD技术的实质以及促进石榴产业的发展提供了理论依据。     

琼脂糖凝胶电泳

Ⅰ琼脂糖凝胶 琼脂糖凝胶电泳是在卧式电泳装置上进行的,因为:(1)它为低浓度的琼脂糖凝胶提供了较好的支持体系,(2)在电泳过程中较少发生扭曲,(3)所得的DNA带比较直。最容易操作的凝胶体系,是将琼脂糖凝胶完全浸没在电泳缓冲液之下约1毫米     

应用非伤害性取样提取番鸭毛囊组织总RNA

目的:寻求一种从番鸭毛囊组织中高效提取总RNA的方法。方法:探讨了伤害性取样(剪切皮肤毛囊)、非伤害性取样(直接拔取毛囊)2种不同毛囊取样法对总RNA提取质量的影响,并对常用RNA提取方法TRIzol法中研磨和组织匀浆步骤细节稍加改进,琼脂糖电泳检测总RNA质量。结果:2种毛囊取样方法均能提取出高质量的总RNA,其28S、18S和5S条带清晰可见,无DNA污染。结论:非伤害性取样法可作为番鸭毛囊组织总RNA提取的适用取样方法。     

琼脂糖凝胶电泳技术

九、碱性琼脂糖凝胶 科学家们认为,琼脂糖凝胶电泳是分离、鉴定和纯化DNA片段的一种极好的方法。这种技术操作简单,快速,并且还能解决在密度梯度离心中所存在的DNA片段不能充分分离的难题。此外,还能直接确定凝胶中DNA的位置:其方法是先用低浓度的能发荧光的具有插入本领的染料(溴乙锭),对胶中DNA条带进行染色;然后,把电泳胶置于紫外光下进行直接检测,其灵敏度可达1毫微克(ng)。     

实验2 回收DNA限制性酶切片段

一、琼脂糖凝胶电泳洗脱回收 1.DNA经限制性内切酶消化后,琼脂糖凝胶电泳。在紫外灯下检测确定需要回收的DNA条带,用刀片将含此条带的凝胶切下。 2.透析袋里装满电泳缓冲液,将切下的凝胶条块装入透析袋,挤出多余的缓冲液,袋里只留下少量缓冲液且无气泡。 3.让透析袋里的凝胶切断面同电流方向垂直。透     

荧光Real-time PCR鉴定鸡胸骨总RNA质量

为了更准确地鉴定提取鸡骨总RNA的质量,试验分别用核酸蛋白检测仪、1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳和荧光Real-time PCR检测评价3种不同的方法提取成年鸡胸骨总RNA的质量。结果显示,荧光Real-time PCR可更好地鉴定提取的骨总RNA的质量。用核酸蛋白检测仪、1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳能粗略检测RNA的纯度和完整性,但不能反映提取过程中是否引起基因不均一的减少,所检测的纯度也不能精确反映RNA的反转录效率。     

Gel electrophoretic technique for separating crosslinked RNAs. Application to improved electron microscopic analysis of psoralen crosslinked 16 S ribosomal RNA

We have developed a gel electrophoresis technique for separating crosslinked RNA molecules into a series of discrete fractions. The gel used is polyacrylamide made in formamide and low salt designed to denature the RNA during electrophoresis. The mobility depends upon the position of crosslinking within each molecule, as demonstrated by electron microscopy of RNA eluted from the gel. In general, molecules with large loops electrophorese more slowly than molecules with small loops or uncrosslinked molecules. We have used this technique to re-examine the psoralen crosslinking pattern of Escherichia coli 16 S ribosomal RNA in inactivated 30 S ribosomal subunits. To determine the correct orientation of each type of crosslink, we have covalently attached DNA restriction fragments to the RNA so that the polarity of the RNA in the microscope would be known. Our previous major conclusions are confirmed: the predominant long-distance crosslink detected by gel electrophoresis involves a residue close to the 3′ end and a residue approximately 600 nucleotides away: the formamide/polyacrylamide gel is able to separate two closely spaced 1100-nucleotide interactions beginning close to the 3′ end, which were reported as one interaction before: and an interaction joining the ends is detected as before. However, one low-frequency crosslinked interaction, between positions 950 and 1400, and possibly another low-frequency interaction, between positions 550 and 870, are determined to be in the opposite polarity to that described previously.     

Phosphorylation of calf thymus RNA polymerase II by nuclear cyclic 3',5'-AMP-independent protein kinase.

Nucleoplasmic RNA polymerase II (nucleosidetriphosphate:RNA nucleotidyltransferase, EC 2.7.7.6) from calfthymus is phosphorylated by homologous cyclic AMP-independent protein kinase (ATP:protein phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.37). Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the 32P-labeled RNA polymerase II under non-denaturing conditions revealed that both forms of the enzyme were phosphorylated. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the 32P-labeled RNA polymerase II under denaturing conditions showed that the 25 000 dalton subunit was the phosphate acceptor subunit. Partial acid hydrolysis of the 32P-labeled RNA polymerase II followed by ion-exchange chromatography revealed serine and threonine as the [32P]phosphate acceptor amino acids. Phosphorylation of the RNA polymerase II was accompanied by a stimulation of enzymatic activity and was dependent upon the presence of ATP.     

Simplified polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining for analysis and preparation of influenza virus RNA segments.

The influenza virus has a genome consisting of eight RNA segments. A simplified technique to study the RNA segmental pattern by silver staining after gel electrophoresis has been developed. In addition, individual RNA segments could be isolated by a combination of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isotachophoresis.     

麦冬根中总RNA的快速提取

目的:从富含多糖、多酚的麦冬根部组织中快速提取总RNA。方法:采用改进的苯酚法,提取液的配制为5%SDS、1mol/LNaAc(pH4.1)、20%HAC、0.1%PVP。结果:采用该方法提取的麦冬总RNA纯度高、完整性好,电泳条带清晰。通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳与紫外吸光度测定产量与纯度,麦冬根部组织总RNA的吸光值D260nm/D280nm值大于1.8,D260nm/D230nm值大于2.0,麦冬块根与不定根RNA的平均产量分别为79.716和76.144μg/g(鲜重)。结论:用本方法提取的RNA可用于后继的抑制消减杂交试验。     

Co-isolation of high-quality DNA and RNA from coenocytic green algae

A protocol is presented for the simultaneous isolation of DNA and RNA from giant-celled green algae. The overall quality of the DNA was examined by the A²⁶⁰/A²⁸⁰ ratio, agarose gel electrophoresis, and restriction enzyme analysis. Denaturing gel electrophoresis and cDNA cloning were used to investigate the quality of the RNA. These assays indicated that both the DNA and RNA isolated by this procedure are of high quality, suitable for further molecular analyses. Since many of these algae are slow growing and therefore only a few grams may be available, the isolation of DNA and RNA from the same plant material has obvious advantages.Abbreviations: Etbr, ethidium bromide.     

A novel acid ribonuclease from white-spotted charr (Salvelinus leucomaenis): purification and characterization of the homogeneous enzyme

An novel acid ribonuclease has been purified approx. 1300 fold from acid extract of developing white-spotted charr (Salvelinus leucomaenis) testes. The final preparation of the enzyme was homogeneous on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The molecular weight was determined to be 20,000 with both Sephadex gel filtration and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The isoelectric point was determined to be 6.4 and the hydrolytic activity was stimulated with low concentration of phosphate. The enzyme has an optimal pH at 5.5 and hydrolyzed yeast RNA and several synthetic homopolyribonucleotides. Under appropriate conditions, the enzyme hydrolyzed substrates, yeast RNA, poly (I), poly (A) and poly (U), in a ratio of 100:900:30:20, respectively. However, poly (C) could not be hydrolyzed under any conditions tested so far. Yeast RNA was hydrolyzed into monoto pentanucleotides. The range of substrate-specificity of this enzyme will be discussed on the basis of the analysis of these products.     

Cell-free translation of murine coronavirus RNA.

The coding assignments of the intracellular murine hepatitis virus-specific subgenomic RNA species and murine hepatitis virion RNA have been investigated by cell-free translation. The six murine hepatitis virus-specific subgenomic RNAs were partially purified by agarose gel electrophoresis and translated in an mRNA-dependent rabbit reticulocyte lysate, and the cell-free translation products were characterized by gel electrophoresis, immunoprecipitation, and tryptic peptide mapping. These studies have shown that RNA 7 codes for the nucleocapsid protein, RNA 6 codes for the E1 protein, RNA 3 codes for the E2 protein, and RNA 2 codes for a 35,000-dalton nonstructural protein. Genomic RNA directs the cell-free synthesis of three structurally related polypeptides of greater than 200,000 in molecular weight.     

Sequence determination of rat U5 RNA using a chemical modification procedure for counteracting sequence compression

Using post-labeling techniques, the nucleotide sequence of a major species of U5 RNA isolated from rat liver was determined to be: XpppAmUmACUCUGGUUUCUCUUCAGAUCGUAUAAAUCUUUCGmCCUUmUpsiACmNAAAGAUpsiUCCGUGGAGAGGA ACAACUCUGAGUCUUAAACCAAUUUUUUGAGGCCUUGUCUUGA(G)CAAGGCUOH. The 5'-end of the RNA is blocked with a cap structure. In addition to the modified nucleotides around the 5'-end (XpppAmUmA), U5 RNA contains Gm at position 38, Um at position 42, psi at position 44, Cm at position 46, N at position 47, and psi at position 54 as modified nucleotides. U5 RNA is present as a mixture of several species with microheterogeneity, whose lengths are 117, 118, or 119 nucleotides. The major species, with 117 nucleotides, comprised approximately 60% of the total U5 RNA. A region near the 3'-end forms a stable second structure, which causes sequence compression on electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel. To surmount with this obstacle, we developed a chemical modification procedure with sodium bisulfite prior to partial hydrolysis in formamide, which allows denaturation of the secondary structure in polyacrylamide gel containing 7 M urea. The procedure provides a good system for checking RNA sequences determined by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel which might have apparent deletions on account of sequence compression.