急性脑梗死患者相关生化指标检测的临床意义

目的：探讨急性脑梗死（ACI）患者治疗前后Hcy、ET-1、hs-CRP、TXA2水平和凝血纤溶指标的变化及临床意义。方法：分别采用ELISA法、发色底物法、凝血酶法、放射免疫法和免疫透射比浊法对68例ACI患者治疗前后Hcy、ET-1、hs-CRP、TXA2和各凝血纤溶指标水平进行检测,并以30例正常健康人作为对照组。结果：①ACI患者治疗前血浆Hcy、ET-1和血清hs-CRP、TXA2含量高于对照组（P〈0.01）,经过治疗,含量均明显下降,其中血浆Hcy、ET-1恢复至正常水平,与对照组间比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）②轻、中、重型组间血浆ET-1和血清hs-CRP、TXA2含量逐渐增加,组间差异有显著性（P〈0.01或0.05）,而中重型患者血浆Hcy含量明显高于轻型患者（P〈0.01）。③经过治疗,ACI患者血浆vWF、GMP-140、Fg和F1＋2含量较治疗前显著下降,而血浆PS活性、PC活性与AT水平较治疗前明显上升（P〈0.01）,其中血浆PS和PC活性与对照组间比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。④ACI患者血浆中tPA水平低于对照组,血浆PAI-1含量高于对照组（P〈0.01）。治疗后血浆tPA增加,与对照组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,PAI-1减少,但仍显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论：检测急性脑梗死（ACI）患者Hcy、ET-1、hs-CRP、TXA2和凝血纤溶指标水平的变化对于指导用药、病情观察和预后评估均有重要的临床意义。     

三七皂苷Rg1对tPA和PAI-1活性的调节作用

探讨三七皂苷Rg1对组织型纤溶酶原激活物(tPA)和纤溶酶原激活物抑制物(PAI-1)活性的调节作用。运用发色底物方法测定三七皂苷Rg1在体外和静脉注射对家兔血浆纤溶酶原激活物(tPA)和血浆或血小板释放的纤溶酶原激活物抑制物(PAI-1)水平的影响。结果表明,三七皂苷Rg1在体外呈浓度依赖性明显抑制血浆PAI-1活性,同时提高血浆tPA活性;30和60 mg/kg的三七皂苷Rg1静脉注射显著抑制血浆PAI-1活性,提高血浆tPA活性,同时降低凝血酶激活的血小板所释放的PAI-1水平。本实验提示三七皂苷Rg1能抑制PAI-1活性,同时升高tPA活性可能是其抗血栓作用的分子机制之一。     

rt-PA动脉溶栓联合血管内支架成形术对早期急性脑梗死患者纤溶系统和血清神经功能损伤指标的影响

摘要 目的：探讨重组人组织型纤溶酶原激活物（rt-PA）动脉溶栓联合血管内支架成形术治疗早期急性脑梗死（ACI）的疗效及对纤溶系统和血清神经功能损伤指标的影响。方法：选取我院2018年9月~2021年3月间接收的80例早期ACI患者。根据随机数字表法分为对照组38例（rt-PA动脉溶栓治疗）和研究组42例（rt-PA动脉溶栓联合血管内支架成形术治疗）。对比两组血管再通情况、纤溶系统和血清神经功能损伤指标变化、日常生活能力量表（ADL）及美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）评分,观察两组预后情况。结果：研究组的血管完全再通率高于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组治疗后1 d、治疗后7 d、治疗后3个月NIHSS评分低于对照组,ADL评分高于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组治疗7 d后血管性假血友病因子（vWF）、血浆纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1（PAI-1）低于对照组,组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（tPA）高于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组治疗7 d后胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）、神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）、S100β蛋白低于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组患者的再发脑梗死率、死亡率低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：rt-PA动脉溶栓联合血管内支架成形术治疗早期ACI患者,可改善患者近远期疗效和预后,有效调节纤溶系统,减轻机体神经功能损伤,提高患者日常生活能力。     

痛风患者血管内皮功能及颈动脉粥样硬化的临床研究

目的:观察痛风患者氧化应激指标与颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)的变化,探讨高尿酸引起内皮功能损伤和颈动脉粥样硬化的机制。方法:选择痛风患者123例,正常健康者116例,检测两组患者血尿酸、细胞间粘附分子1(ICAM-1)、内皮素-1(ET-1)、一氧化氮(NO)、纤溶酶原激活抑制剂-1(PAI-1)、收缩压、舒张压、空腹血糖、HDL-C、LDL-C、TC、TG等糖、脂代谢指标及颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)。分析痛风患者内皮损伤相关因子水平和颈动脉IMT的关系。结果:痛风组血清细胞间粘附分子1(ICAM-1)、内皮素-1(ET-1)、纤溶酶原激活抑制剂-1(PAI-1)水平较对照组增高,颈动脉IMT明显增厚,NO水平较对照组降低,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。血尿酸水平、ICAM-1、ET-1、PAI-1与IMT密切相关(P0.01)。结论:痛风患者较对照组存在更明显的代谢紊乱,血管内皮功能损伤,更易发生动脉粥样硬化。     

糖尿病肾脏病与血纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1的相互影响

目的:观察糖尿病肾脏病进展过程中血纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1的水平变化及应用药物干预其变化后产生的对糖尿病肾脏病的影响。方法:选择于聊城市人民医院就诊的糖尿病肾脏病患者88例,DKDⅢ期43例,DKDⅣ期45例。分别检测各期患者血PAI-1水平,观察其变化趋势。针对DKDⅢ期患者分为对照组(DKDⅢ-C组)和观察组(DKDⅢ-O组),对照组给予常规降糖、保护肾脏及血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂等药物治疗。观察组在对照组治疗的基础上给予尿激酶5万U加入100ml生理盐水静脉滴注,每天1次,共14d。比较两组治疗前后血PAI-1水平、24 h尿白蛋白量、血肌酐、空腹血糖和凝血酶原时间的变化。结果:DKDⅣ期患者血PAI-1水平明显高于DKDⅢ期患者(P<0.001)。DKDⅢ-O组患者治疗后血PAI-1水平下降(P<0.01),且尿白蛋白减少程度有统计学意义(P<0.01),空腹血糖、血肌酐、凝血酶原时间影响无统计学差异(P>0.05)。DKDⅢ-C组治疗前、后血PAI-1、24h尿白蛋白量、空腹血糖、血肌酐、凝血酶原时间变化均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:随糖尿病肾脏病进展,血PAI-1水平呈上升趋势,应用药物降低其水平后可减少早期DKD患者尿白蛋白量,对保护肾功能、延缓肾脏病进展有积极意义。     

纤溶酶与盐酸丁咯地尔联合治疗椎-基底动脉供血不足的临床研究

目的观察纤溶酶与盐酸丁咯地尔联合治疗椎-基底动脉供血不足的临床疗效。方法治疗组50例应用纤溶酶200U,每天1次,连续用10天;同时应用盐酸丁咯地尔100mg,每天1次,连续应用15天。对照组48例应用盐酸丁咯地尔100mg,每天1次,连续15天。观察治疗前后血液流变学指标变化并评价其疗效。结果治疗组总有效率90.0%,对照组总有效率62.5%,两组差异显著(P<0.01)。治疗组在改善全血粘度、血浆粘度、增加红细胞变形指数、降低纤维蛋白原方面优于对照组(P<0.05);治疗组患者的凝血酶原时间延长(P<0.05),但不影响出凝血时间(P>0.05)。结论纤溶酶与丁咯地尔联合应用比单纯应用丁咯地尔治疗椎-基底动脉供血不足的疗效显著。     

血浆同型半胱氨酸水平与轻度认知功能障碍的相关性分析

目的:探讨轻度认知功能障碍(MCI)与血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平的关系。方法:测定96例MCI及85例健康体检者得血浆Hcy、叶酸及维生素B12水平;MCI患者中选择高Hcy血症者62例,按照是否接受叶酸、维生素B12治疗随机分为治疗组和非治疗组,观察治疗前后Hcy水平及MMSE评分变化。结果:MCI组血浆Hcy水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05),叶酸、维生素B12及MMSE评分低于对照组(P<0.05);MCI组中Hcy水平与叶酸、维生素B12及MMSE评分均呈负相关(P<0.05);治疗后治疗组Hcy水平较治疗前显著下降(P<0.05);治疗组Hcy低于非治疗组(P<0.05);治疗组MMSE评分较治疗前升高,但无显著性差异(P>0.05),治疗组MMSE评分与非治疗组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:血浆Hcy升高是MCI的重要因素,补充叶酸、维生素B12可降低血浆Hcy水平。     

急性脑梗死患者血清同型半胱氨酸、D- 二聚体和神经元特异性 烯醇化酶水平的变化及其临床意义

目的：探讨急性脑梗死（acute cerebral infarction,ACI）患者血清同型半胱氨酸（homocysteine,Hcy）、D- 二聚体（d-dimer,DD） 和神经元特异性烯醇化酶（neuronspecific enolase,NSE）水平的变化及其临床意义,为ACI的诊治、预防和病情监测提供更多的实 验依据。方法：选择我院神经内科2010 年1月～2012 年7 月收治的急性脑梗死患者82 例,及同期50 例健康体检人群作为正常 对照组,观察和比较不同病灶及不同神经功能缺损程度患者的血清Hcy、DD和NSE 水平,同时对急性脑梗死患者急性期和恢复 期血中Hcy、DD、NSE 进行分析。结果：①急性脑梗死组Hcy、DD和NSE含量均显著高于正常对照组（P<0.01）,急性脑梗死患者 急性期血清Hcy、DD和NSE 水平显著高于恢复期（P<0.01）,但恢复期与对照组之间无显著性差异（P>0.05）。②根据病灶大小,急 性脑梗死各组之间血中Hcy、DD和NSE 含量亦存在显著性差异（P<0.05）。③根据神经功能缺损程度,脑梗死各组之间血中Hcy、 DD和NSE 含量亦存在显著性差异（P<0.05）。结论：Hcy、DD 和NSE 与ACI 的发生、发展密切相关,Hcy、DD 和NSE的检测对 ACI的诊断、治疗和预后均有重要意义。     

Ⅱ型糖尿病视网膜病变与纤溶系统的关系探讨

目的:探讨2型糖尿痛视网膜病变与纤溶系统的关系。方法:随机选取2型糖尿病视网膜痛变患者30例,无并发症患者30例,健康人30例,测定血浆纤溶酶原、纤溶酶原激活抑制物,纤溶酶原(PLG)、纤溶酶原激活抑制物(PAI-1)均采用发色底物法检测。结果:与对照组相比2型糖尿病患者血浆PLG、PAI-1水平升高(P＜0．05),糖尿病视网膜病变组升高更明显(P＜0．01)。结论:糖尿病患者血液存在低纤状态,当发生视网膜并发症者更为明显,检测2型糖尿病患者血浆PLG、PAI-1水平对糖尿痛视网膜病变的预防及治疗具有一定的临床意义。     

急性脑梗死患者介入治疗的疗效及对患者纤溶系统的影响

目的:研究急性脑梗死患者脑血管球囊成形支架置入术治疗的临床疗效及其对患者纤溶系统的影响。方法:选择我院收治的急性脑梗死患者68例,随机分为观察1组和观察2组,各34例,观察1组给予尿激酶100万U静脉溶栓治疗;观察2组给予脑血管球囊成形支架置入术治疗,术后口服氯吡格雷和阿司匹林。观察两组患者治疗前、治疗后1d、7d组织型纤溶酶原激活物(t PA)、血浆血管性假血友病因子(v WF)、纤溶酶原激活物特异性抑制物(PAI-1)水平,并选择同期体检健康者30例作为对照组。结果:治疗后观察2组血流再通明显高于观察1组(P0.05);治疗前所有患者v WF、PAI-1、t PA明显高于对照组,t PA/PAI-1明显低于对照组(P0.05),但观察1组和观察2组比较无统计学差异(P0.05);治疗后1d观察1组、观察2组t PA、t PA/PAI-1明显升高,PAI-1明显降低(P0.05),治疗后7d,观察1组t PA、t PA/PAI-1明显降低,观察2组v WF明显升高(P0.05)。结论:脑血管球囊成形支架置入术治疗急性脑梗死可使梗死的血管再次通畅,术后采用抗凝及抗血小板治疗,效果显著,且对体内纤溶系统无明显影响,相比静脉溶栓治疗临床效果更加显著。     

Role for dopamine in malonate-induced damage in vivo in striatum and in vitro in mesencephalic cultures

Defects in mitochondrial energy metabolism have been implicated in the pathology of several neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, the reactive metabolites generated from the metabolism and oxidation of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) are thought to contribute to the damage to neurons of the basal ganglia. We have previously demonstrated that infusions of the metabolic inhibitor malonate into the striata of mice or rats produce degeneration of DA nerve terminals. In the present studies, we demonstrate that an intrastriatal infusion of malonate induces a substantial increase in DA efflux in awake, behaving mice as measured by in vivo microdialysis. Furthermore, pretreatment of mice with tetrabenazine (TBZ) or the TBZ analogue Ro 4-1284 (Ro-4), compounds that reversibly inhibit the vesicular storage of DA, attenuates the malonate-induced DA efflux as well as the damage to DA nerve terminals. Consistent with these findings, the damage to both DA and GABA neurons in mesencephalic cultures by malonate exposure was attenuated by pretreatment with TBZ or Ro-4. Treatment with these compounds did not affect the formation of free radicals or the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation resulting from malonate exposure alone. Our data suggest that DA plays an important role in the neurotoxicity produced by malonate. These findings provide direct evidence that inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase causes an increase in extracellular DA levels and indicate that bioenergetic defects may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic neurodegenerative diseases through a mechanism involving DA.     

2018年中国植物科学若干领域重要研究进展

2018年中国植物科学继续呈现快速发展的态势, 我国科学家在国际植物科学主流学术刊物发表论文数量大幅增加, 取得了多项具有重要影响的成果。调控植物生长-代谢平衡实现可持续农业发展入选2018年度中国科学十大进展; 中国被子植物区系进化历史研究入选2018年度中国生命科学十大进展。以水稻为代表的农作物和果蔬等经济作物研究在国际上已呈现出明显的优势, 若干领域已从“追赶”状态跨越到“领跑”地位。该文对2018年中国科学家在植物科学若干领域取得的重要研究成果进行了概括性评述, 旨在全面追踪和报道当前中国植物科学领域的发展前沿和热点, 展示中国科学家所取得的杰出成就。     

2017年中国植物科学若干领域重要研究进展

2017年中国植物科学继续保持高速发展态势, 重大成果频出, 具体表现在中国植物学家在国际顶级学术期刊发表的文章数量平稳上升。中国植物科学领域的研究工作者成果精彩纷呈, 如新型广谱抗病机制的发现、水稻广谱抗病遗传基础及机制和疫霉菌诱发病害成灾机制研究等。2017年中国生命科学领域十大进展评选中, 有两项植物科学领域的研究成果入选。水稻生物学、进化与基因组学和激素生物学等领域学科发展突出。另外, 值得一提的是, 长期从事高等植物与代谢途径调控分子网络研究和水稻品种设计育种的李家洋院士的研究成果“水稻高产优质性状形成的分子机理及品种设计”荣获2017年国家自然科学一等奖。这一具有重大国际影响的开创性贡献标志着中国植物科学在该领域的国际科学前沿居于引领和卓越地位。该文对2017年中国本土科学家在植物科学若干领域取得的重要研究成果进行了系统梳理, 旨在全面追踪和报道当前中国植物科学领域发展的最新前沿动态, 与广大读者共同分享我国科学家所取得的辉煌成就。     

我国葫芦科植物离体培养研究进展

葫芦科植物包括多种瓜类蔬菜,对其进行离体培养研究具有重要的理论和实践意义。综述了国内在葫芦科植物器官培养、体细胞胚胎发生、花药培养、原生质体培养和体细胞杂交及离体遗传转化等方面取得的研究进展,并对葫芦科植物离体培养、遗传转化与育种的前景作了展望。     

SSTR5 ablation in islet results in alterations in glucose homeostasis in mice

Somatostatin (SST) peptide is a potent inhibitor of insulin secretion and its effect is mediated via somatostatin receptor 5 (SSTR5) in the endocrine pancreas. To investigate the consequences of gene ablation of SSTR5 in the mouse pancreas, we have generated a mouse model in which the SSTR5 gene was specifically knocked down in the pancreatic beta cells (betaSSTR5Kd) using the Cre-lox system. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that SSTR5 gene expression was absent in beta cells at three months of age. At the time of gene ablation, betaSSTR5Kd mice demonstrated glucose intolerance with lack of insulin response and significantly reduced serum insulin levels. Insulin tolerance test demonstrated a significant increase of insulin clearance in vivo at the same age. In vitro studies demonstrated an absence of response to SST-28 stimulation in the betaSSTR5Kd mouse islet, which was associated with a significantly reduced SST expression level in betaSSTR5Kd mice pancreata. In addition, betaSSTR5Kd mice had significantly reduced serum glucose levels and increased serum insulin levels at 12 months of age. Glucose tolerance test at an older age also indicated a persistently higher insulin level in betaSSTR5Kd mice. Further studies of betaSSTR5Kd mice had revealed elevated serum C-peptide levels at both 3 and 12 months of age, suggesting that these mice are capable of producing and releasing insulin to the periphery. These results support the hypothesis that SSTR5 plays a pivotal role in the regulation of insulin secretion in the mouse pancreas.     

2018年中国植物科学若干领域重要研究进展

2018年中国植物科学继续呈现快速发展的态势, 我国科学家在国际植物科学主流学术刊物发表论文数量大幅增加, 取得了多项具有重要影响的成果。调控植物生长-代谢平衡实现可持续农业发展入选2018年度中国科学十大进展; 中国被子植物区系进化历史研究入选2018年度中国生命科学十大进展。以水稻为代表的农作物和果蔬等经济作物研究在国际上已呈现出明显的优势, 若干领域已从“追赶”状态跨越到“领跑”地位。该文对2018年中国科学家在植物科学若干领域取得的重要研究成果进行了概括性评述, 旨在全面追踪和报道当前中国植物科学领域的发展前沿和热点, 展示中国科学家所取得的杰出成就。     

我国葫芦科植物离体培养研究进展

葫芦科植物包括多种瓜类蔬菜,对其进行离体培养研究具有重要的理论和实践意义.综述了国内在葫芦科植物器官培养、体细胞胚胎发生、花药培养、原生质体培养和体细胞杂交及离体遗传转化等方面取得的研究进展,并对葫芦科植物离体培养、遗传转化与育种的前景作了展望.     

Changes in aquatic vegetation in Rhine floodplain streams in Alsace in relation to disturbance

Abstract. Changes are described in aquatic vegetation in oligotrophic, groundwater-fed Rhine floodplain streams in Alsace (eastern France), resulting from disturbance. Disturbance factors include changes in nutrients, either permanent ones - effluent from a waste water treatment plant or trout hatcheries - or periodic ones: flooding. Regular inputs of high levels of phosphate and ammonia modified the macrophyte vegetation in these streams. The floristic composition, which was characteristic of oligotrophic waters upstream of the eutrophicated sector, changed to that of a eutrophic situation as originally found downstream. Periodic disturbance by floods which normally occur once a year, irregularly eutrophicates the small streams, causing the development of a mixture of eutrophic and oligotrophic species. Six macrophyte communities are distinguished, indicating different trophic levels. The aquatic vegetation is adapted to the variations of phosphate and ammonia levels. Hence, aquatic macrophytes can be used as bio-indicators of fluctuations in water nutrient levels in relation to the type of disturbance.     

Apoptosis in experimental myocardial infarction in situ and in the perfused heart in vitro

We report the appearance of apoptotic cells in experimental myocardial infarction (rabbit heart) in in situ and in vitro preparations. Apoptosis was recognized by intravital staining with Hoechst 33342 (Ho342), by nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and by DNA laddering. A steady rise in the relative number of apoptotic cardiomyocytes (apoptotic index) was noted in in situ preparations. Apoptosis was first noted 6 h after the onset of ischemia with its highest value occurring after 72 h. Apoptotic nuclei were absent in remote areas of the left and right ventricles. Apoptotic nuclei within the infarcted area showed diminished intensity of Ho342 fluorescence. Three days after ischemia, a border zone adjacent to the infarcted area consisting of apoptotic macrophages was recognized. A novel finding was the appearance of apoptotic cardiomyocytes in the isolated perfused ischemic heart. Occurring as early as 50 min after the onset of ischemia, a high apoptotic index was present adjacent to the ligature placed around the coronary artery. This observation provides the opportunity to selectively examine factors leading to apoptosis in the ischemic heart under controlled experimental conditions.     

Morphine-potentiated platelet aggregation in in vitro and platelet plug formation in in vivo experiments

The detailed mechanisms underlying morphine-signaling pathways in platelets remain obscure. Therefore, we systematically examined the influence of morphine on washed human platelets. In this study, washed human platelet suspensions were used for in vitro studies. Furthermore, platelet thrombus formation induced by irradiation of mesenteric venules with filtered light in mice pretreated with fluorescein sodium was used for an in vivo thrombotic study. Morphine concentration dependently (0.6, 1, and 5 microM) potentiated platelet aggregation and the ATP release reaction stimulated by agonists (i.e., collagen and U46619) in washed human platelets. Yohimbine (0.1 microM), a specific alpha(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist, markedly abolished the potentiation of morphine in platelet aggregation stimulated by agonists. Morphine also potentiated phosphoinositide breakdown and intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization in human platelets stimulated by collagen (1 microg/ml). Moreover, morphine (0.6-5 microM) markedly inhibited prostaglandin E(1) (10 microM)-induced cyclic AMP formation in human platelets, while yohimbine (0.1 microM) significantly reversed the inhibition of cyclic AMP by morphine (0.6 and 1 microM) in this study. The thrombin-evoked increase in pH(i) was markedly potentiated in the presence of morphine (1 and 5 microM). Morphine (2 and 5 mg/g) significantly shortened the time require to induce platelet plug formation in mesenteric venules. We concluded that morphine may exert its potentiation in platelet aggregation by binding to alpha(2)-adrenoceptors in human platelets, with a resulting inhibition of adenylate cyclase, thereby reducing intracellular cyclic AMP formation followed by increased activation of phospholipase C and the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger. This leads to increased intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization, and finally potentiation of platelet aggregation and of the ATP release reaction.