Establishment of cell lines from serial samples from two patients with lung tumours before and after chemotherapy

Six cell lines were derived from pleural effusions of two lung cancer patients and established in vitro in our laboratory. Cell line AE1 was obtained from a small cell lung cancer (SCLC) before the patient had received any chemotherapy; the other lines (AE2 and AE3) were established from tumour recurrences in the same patient after therapy. Cell lines DG1 and DG2 were derived from specimens of an untreated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), while cell line DG3 originated from pleural effusions recurring in the same patient after therapy. The results of the present study show that: (a) the SCLC lines AE1, AE2 and AE3 are heterogeneous in their biological characteristics and in their chemosensitivity patterns. In particular lines AE2 and AE3 are less responsive to cis-Platinum (DDP) and Adriamycin (ADM) than line AE1, so that they may reflect resistant subpopulations existing within the original tumour, selected following therapy with these drugs. In contrast, however, line AE1 proved more resistant to Vepesid (VP16) than lines AE2 and AE3. (b) The three NSCLC lines are similar in various biological features as well as in their chemosensitivity to DDP and Vinblastine (VBL).Abbreviations NSCLC Non Small Cell Lung Cancer - SCLC Small Cell Lung Cancer Recipient of a Fellowship of the Italian Association for Cancer Research     

高效液相色谱法分离测定香兰素

用60％乙醇提取香荚兰豆的香兰素,经高效液相色谱法分离,在紫外波长330nm处测定。选取适当的流动相,能快速、准确地测定出香兰素,最低检测含量可达到0．01μg。     

Some Characteristics of Rapidly Labeled RNA in Jack Beau Leaves

The characteristics of rapidly labeled RNA in jack bean leaves were investigated. The RNA was prepared by the phenol method and fractionated with methylated serum albumin column. The composition of DNA and ribosomal RNA were also determined. The labeled RNA which appeared after 90 minutes' incubation could be differentiated clearly from the ribosomal RNA by means of the elution pattern and the nucleotide composition. The RNA labeled for 90 minutes disappeared completely after 210 minutes' incubation and the other three peaks appeared at almost the same position as ribosomal RNA.     

Aestivation in the teleost fish Lepidogalaxias salamandroides (Mees)

• 1.1. Lepidogalaxias salamandroides does not lose water during the first 43 days of aestivation even though it is burrowed in extremely dry soil.
• 2.2. Little urea was accumulated in the body, which suggests that urea production is greatly diminished and/or urea is eliminated in the urine.
• 3.3. Theoretical considerations predict that water fluxes will, in the initial stages of aestivation, be positive until the soil moisture tension is equivalent to the plasma water potential.

     

Coal TitParus ater song repertoires and the Beau Geste hypothesis

At least 44 different song types were recorded in a population of Coal Tits at Klaebu in central Norway. Each male sang up to 14 different types. In testing the Beau Geste hypothesis the following predictions were made: (1) Territorial males tend to change song type when moving from one song post to another. (2) The tendency to change song type when moving from one song post to another increases with the distance between the song posts. (3) Territory holders prefer inconspicuous song posts that reduce the chances of being instantly detected by possible intruders and prospectors. However, none of these predictions were confirmed by the data analyses. The singing behaviour of the Coal Tit does therefore not support the Beau Geste hypothesis.

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Zusammenfassung In einer Population der Tannenmeise bei Klaebu, Mittelnorwegen, wurden mindestens 44 unterschiedliche Gesangstypen registriert. Einzelne Männchen sangen bis zu 14 Typen. Um die Beau-Geste-Hypothese (ein Sänger täuscht durch verschiedenen Gesangstypen die Anwesenheit mehrerer Individuen vor) zu testen, wurden folgende Annahmen geprüft: (1) Territoriale Männchen neigen dazu, ihren Gesangstyp zu ändern, wenn sie die Singwarte wechseln. (2) Die Tendenz, zwischen Gesangstypen zu wechseln, ist bei Männchen am größten, die während einer Gesangsphase mehr als eine Singwarte benutzen. (3) Territoriale Männchen benützen unauffällige Singwarten, um nicht so schnell von möglichen Eindringlingen oder reviersuchenden Artgenossen entdeckt zu werden. Die Analyse der Daten ergab jedoch für keine dieser Annahmen eine Bestätigung. Somit unterstützt das Verhalten singender Tannenmeisen die Hypothese nicht.

     

乙烯利对菜豆叶枕外植体脱落和离区纤维素酶合成的影响

以乙烯利处理菜豆叶枕外植体,能显著提高对抗的脱落及其离区纤维酶的活力。蛋白质和核酸合成的抑创剂环己酰亚胺和放线菌素Ｄ,对乙烯利促进的脱落与离区纤维素酶活力不仅有明显的抑制作用,而且具有严格的时间顺序。提示乙烯利促进脱落的生理效应与其诱导高区纤维素酶合成时基因表达的转录和翻译过程有密切关系。此外,外植体经乙烯利处理后再分别不同时间加ＩＡＡ,并根据测定其抑制乙烯利诱导的纤维素酶活力变化,与不同时间加放线菌素Ｄ的实验结果相同,推断ＩＡＡ对乙烯利促进脱落的拮抗作用可能是在乙烯利诱导纤维素酶合成的转录过程。     

Internal fertilization in Lepidogalaxias salamandroides Mees (Pisces: Lepidogalaxiidae)

The gonads of Lepidogalaxias salamandroides are structurally distinctive. A duct, the surface of which is ciliated, is located on the ventral surface of each ovary and may be a modification of the ovarian tunica. The testes are small and the majority of the testicular structure functions as a sperm storage area. Secondary requisite sex characters are present in the male and the function of a modified scale sheath in copulation is unique among teleosts. Fertilization is internal and a viscous mucus mass secreted during copulation may serve as a copulatory plug. It is postulated that internal fertilization within this species has arisen as a response to sperm competition.     

Internal fertilization in Lepidogalaxias salamandroides Mees (Pisces: Lepidogalaxiidae)

The gonads of Lepidogalaxias salamandroides are structurally distinctive. A duct, the surface of which is ciliated, is located on the ventral surface of each ovary and may be a modification of the ovarian tunica. The testes are small and the majority of the testicular structure functions as a sperm storage area. Secondary requisite sex characters are present in the male and the function of a modified scale sheath in copulation is unique among teleosts. Fertilization is internal and a viscous mucus mass secreted during copulation may serve as a copulatory plug. It is postulated that internal fertilization within this species has arisen as a response to sperm competition.     

红花菜豆凝集素的寡糖顺序分析

纯化的红花菜豆凝集素经肼解,Ｂｉｏ－ＧｅｌＰ－２柱分离,得到的寡糖部份用硼氢化钠还原,再红Ｂｉｏ－Ｇｅｌ Ｐ－４柱层析,获得两条寡糖链。通过甲醇解,乙酰化反应,最后制成三甲基硅醚衍生物。气相色谱分析表面两个寡糖的组成为;Ｍａｎ８Ｘｙ１ＧｌｃＮＡｃ２和Ｍａｎ６ＸｙｌＧｌｃＮａ２Ｆｕｃ。     

表油菜素内酯对绿豆幼叶衰老的促进作用

表油菜素内酯（ｅｐｉＢＲ）０．０５ｍｇ／Ｌ能促进绿豆幼叶的衰老,其叶绿素和蛋白质含量均明显低于对照。绿豆幼叶经ｅｐｉＢＲ处理后,可使过氧化物酶活性明显增加,但同工酶谱无变化;超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）和过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）活性随ｅｐｉＢＲ处理时间的延长而降低。ｅｐｉＢＲ能促进丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量增加,而其含量与ＳＯＤ和ＣＡＴ活性是显著负相关。     

The effect of starvation on oxygen consumption and nitrogen excretion inLepidogalaxias salamandroides (Mees)

Summary Measurement of the rates of oxygen consumption and nitrogen excretion in fed and starvedLepidogalaxias salamandroides showed that starvation has no effect on these basal metabolic parameters. A low metabolic rate (50 ml O₂ kg^–1 h^–1) is suggested to account for the lack of such an effect.A high proportion of the total waste nitrogen is excreted as urea and the magnitude of this fraction is also unaffected by starvation. The importance of urea synthesis is consistent with this species' ability to aestivate.The results are discussed with reference to current concepts in fish aestivation.     

Sensitivity of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma tumor lines to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and hyperthermia

BACKGROUND: Surgical treatment of pancreatic adenocarcinoma has failed to produce many cures secondary to high rates of intraperitoneal relapses and liver metastases. The aim of this ex vivo study was to evaluate the inherent chemosensitivity, radiosensitivity and hyperthermic sensitivity of pancreatic adenocarcinoma and to investigate the usefulness of a 3-(4,5-dimetylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay utilized in each sensitivity test. METHODS: Nine human pancreatic adenocarcinomas were tested ex vivo after growth in nude mice. After 72 hr of chemotherapy, radiotherapy and hyperthermia, efficacy was assessed using MTT assay to determine the ratio of surviving fraction of treated cells-to-that of untreated control cells (TIC ratio). RESULTS: Tumor sensitivities as measured by the IC50 (drug concentration producing 50% growth inhibition) varied largely between drugs, ranging larger than 3 x 10(5) ng/mL for 5-FU, larger than 1.5 x 10(2) ng/mL for MMC, 20 ng/mL to 1.4 x 10(3) ng/mL for ADM, and 80 ng/mL to 2.4 x 10(3) ng/mL for CDDP. D0 (dose of radiation reducing the surviving fraction to 37%) ranged from 3.2 to 8.3 Gy (mean +/- standard deviation; 5.8 +/- 1.6 Gy). For hyperthermia, the mean T50 (duration of hyperthermia reducing the surviving fraction to 50%) at 43 degrees C was 9.4 +/- 3.3 min 4.8 to 14.2 min). The T/C ratio at 43 degrees C for 12 min was less than that at 41 degrees C for 30 min (p = .01; the Wilcoxon signed-ranks test). No clear relationship among chemosensitivity, radiosensitivity, hyperthermic sensitivity and pathologic features could be established. CONCLUSIONS: Nine human pancreatic adenocarcinomas varied widely in their sensitivity to chemotherapies, especially for 5-FU. These results suggested that MTT assay may be useful in excluding some less sensitive cases of pancreatic cancer. For hyperthermia, sufficient therapeutic time and temperature may realize enough effect against pancreatic adenocarcinoma.     

Chemostat production of pediocin SM‐1 by Pediococcus pentosaceus Mees 1934

Production of the bacteriocin pediocin SM‐1 by Pediococcus pentosaceus Mees 1934 was investigated in pH‐controlled batch and chemostat cultures using a complex medium containing glucose, sucrose or fructose. In chemostat cultures operated at 150 rpm, 30°C, 60% dissolved oxygen tension, pH 6.5, and D = 0.148 h^?1, the pediocin titer reached 185 AU/mL representing an increase of 32% compared with batch cultures in which glucose was used as the carbon source. Pediocin biosynthesis was markedly affected by the growth rate of the producer microorganism. For all carbon sources tested, pediocin production appeared to take place only at dilution rates lower than μ_max. However, only glucose supported production at the very low dilution rate of 0.05 h^?1 indicating a direct regulation of pediocin biosynthesis by the carbon source. Glucose supported higher biomass productivity and higher pediocin titers and yields compared with the other sugars used. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 31:1481–1486, 2015     

Cytogenetic studies in leprosy patients before and after chemotherapy

Summary The frequencies of chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs), cell proliferation kinetics and mitotic indices were studied in peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures of leprosy patients both before and after chemotherapy. The differences in the frequencies of chromosome aberrations and SCEs between controls, paucibacillary and multibacillary patients were found to be statistically highly significant (P < 0.001). The extent of cytogenetic damage seemed to depend on the severity of the disease. Lymphocytes of untreated leprosy patients showed a low mitotic index and a slow rate of cell proliferation. Following combined treatment with dapsone and rifampicin there was an increase, but to a lesser degree (P < 0.01), in the frequency of SCEs and chromosome aberrations while the drug combination of dapsone, rifampicin and clofazamine had a non-mutagenic effect on chromosomes of the patient. Furthermore, after drug treatment, the cell proliferation rate and mitotic indices in paucibacillary patients were comparable to that of controls. These results indicate the clastogenic potency of Mycobacterium leprae and the remedial effects that follow therapeutic drug treatment.     

菜豆富含脯氨酸蛋白质基因在生物和非生物胁迫下的表达

植物细胞壁是细胞的机械支持物和保护壳,在植物的生长和发育、细胞内的通讯和代谢交换过程中起重要作用。细胞壁主要由多糖和蛋白质组成,根据蛋白质的氨基酸组成和糖的含量特点可把细胞壁结构蛋白分为５类：富含羟脯氨酸的糖蛋白（ｂｙ一ｄｒｏｘｙｐｒｏｌｉｎｇ－ｒｉｃｈ　ｇｌｙｃｏｐｒｏｔｅｉｎｓ,ＨＲＧＰｓ）、富含脯氨酸蛋白质（ｐｒｏｌｉｎｅ－ｒｉｃｈｐｒｏｒｅｉｎｓ,ＰＲＰｓ）、富含甘氨酸蛋白质（ｇｌｙｃｉｎｅ－ｒｉｃｈｐｒｏｔｅｉｎｓ,ＧＲＰｓ）、茄科凝集素（ｓｏｌａｎａｃｅｏｕｓｌｅｃｔｉｎｓ）和阿拉伯…     

Mathematical model for G-CSF administration after chemotherapy

Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is used clinically for treating chemotherapy-induced neutropenia (low neutrophil levels). Here we present a delay differential equation model for the regulation of neutrophil production that accounts for the effects of G-CSF. Using a combination of analysis and numerical simulations, we use this model to study the effects of delaying G-CSF treatment following chemotherapy for two recombinant forms of G-CSF (filgrastim and pegfilgrastim). We also examine the consequences of varying the duration of filgrastim treatment. We found that varying the starting day or the duration of G-CSF treatment can lead to different qualitative responses in the neutrophil count. These changes can be explained by the coexistence of two stable solutions in the mathematical model.