首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
A steady increase of the number of persons with drug addiction has been noted both on Kharkov and Kharkov Province. Since 1996 a considerable number of HIV-infected persons has been detected among injecting drug users (80-82% of them infected parenterally). Rapid evaluation, carried out in 1997 within the project "Harm Reduction", served as the basis for the creation of the Charity Fund "Scarlet Ribbon" collaborating with the UNAIDS Representation in the Ukraine and other international organizations. The information and educational activity of the Fund among injecting drug users is presented. The necessity of organizing additional stationary and mobile exchange stations of the syringe is pointed out.  相似文献   

2.
This essay addresses the space between a cultural critique and a class analysis of HIV transmission. It explores how injection drug users, as a disempowered group, resist hegemony through dissent. Distrust of the medical establishment and severe social and legal constraints force injection drug users to reconstruct the AIDS message. Economic and political survival inflates the need for trust and reciprocity within their social network. This makes the meaning of AIDS a continually ambiguous one for drug users. The ways in which dissent to domination is enacted and the effect this has on HIV prevention is explored.IfI'm that fucked up where I'll put a life-threatening drug into myself knowing it's dangerous, I really can't deal with a society that's telling me I deserve it. It takes all my strenght. The moral majority says it's God's way of taking care of these things. I hear too much of that. Drug addicts don't even want to talk about it [AIDS] because of the fear. I talk to people about it and they tune out. I can see their eyes glazing over.-A recovering addict  相似文献   

3.
The analysis of the epidemiological situation in HIV infection and parenteral hepatitides in the Republic of Belarus in presented. A sharp change in the situation due to the circulation of HIV among injecting drug users is registered. In addition, the wide spread of virus hepatitides B and C (in the form of mono- and mixed infections) among injecting drug users was noted. The effectiveness of measures carried out in accordance with preventive programs was demonstrated. The necessity of carrying out the primary prophylaxis among young people with the emphasis on the development of work on information and educational programs.  相似文献   

4.
The degree of risk of the spread of HIV infection among drug addicts in Zhitomir has been prognosticated. As revealed in this study, narcotic drugs are mostly introduced by individual dispensable syringes or by individual reusable syringes. But such factors as the repeated use of needles (47%), obtaining drug solution from different persons (49%), the injection of drugs under unsanitary conditions (62%), with-drawing drug solution into the syringe by some other person (32%), unavailability of the means of disinfection (64%), absence of knowledge and practice in disinfection (91%), the presence HIV-infected persons among IDU (41%), a low level of sanitary and hygienic culture (41%), lack of sexual restraint (93%), concubinage with IDU (44%), unemployment (66%), etc. have been found to increase the possibility of getting HIV infection twofold. The results of this sociological study have demonstrated new trends in the study of the behavior of IDU, necessary for the creation of the module for preventive work both in Zhitomir and the Zhitomir region.  相似文献   

5.
6.
In recent years the Ukraine has become the epicenter of AIDS in Eastern Europe, though there are still regions with a relatively low number of HIV-infected persons, such as Vinnitsa Province. After the comprehensive study of the factors contributing to the spread of HIV infection in groups of risk the realistic evaluation of the epidemiological danger could be made and the preventive work could be carried out with the help of collaboration between a non-governmental organization (NGO) and the UN Theme Group on the Problems of HIV/AIDS. The successful work of the Public Congress "Stalist" one of such NGO, in Vinnitsa in 1998-1999, carried out with the financial and methodological support of UNAIDS in the Ukraine, created conditions for the introduction of such components of the strategy of harm reduction as information and educational work, as well as the exchange of syringes and needles, which showed a high degree of efficiency in controlling the spread of HIV/AIDS.  相似文献   

7.
The work on the realization of the Project on the Prevention of HIV infection, carried out by the Charity Fund "Hope and Salvation" in 1998-1999 in the Crimea is described. As shown by the analysis of the results of behavioral reactions, the forms of behavior used by drug-dependent persons contribute to the spread of HIV infection. Since November 1999 the realization of the pilot project on the reduction of HIV infection among injecting drug users has been started in Simferopol (with the financial support to the Pasteur Institute and the advisory support of the UN Representation in the Ukraine). The necessity of the development of the Project "Decrease of Spread of HIV and Sexually Transmitted Diseases among Female Sex Workers in Simferopol" is substantiated.  相似文献   

8.
9.
In 1996-1998 joint pilot Projects of the National Committee and the UNAIDS Program were carried out in 10 Ukrainian cities. The behavior determinants contributing to the spread of HIV infection, common for all regions under study, were determined. They were linked with the injections of narcotic drugs, sexual behavior and the level of knowledge on the infection. The effectiveness of the projects was due to the 80% coverage of those drug addicts who could not be reached by common narcotic drug services; to the use of individual syringes (increased from 43% to 95%); to a decrease in the sale of ready-made drugs in used syringes to 14%; to an increase in the index of the return of used syringes; to an increase in the proportion of persons constantly using condoms (58%); etc. Still the situation was found to give no grounds for optimism, and the conclusion was made that the strategy of "decreasing the harm" must become the policy and strategy of the public health system.  相似文献   

10.
Wu FS 《Cell research》2005,15(11-12):919-922
International non-governmental organizations were among the first international actors that responded to the emergence of AIDS crisis in China. Since 1994, the number of international non-governmental organizations and charitable foundations working in AIDS related issue areas in China has grown steadily and substantially. Despite their organizational differences, most of these non-governmental actors present the characteristics of independent mission, localized practice and diverse working focus. Even though they are constrained by financial and other factors compared with multilateral and bilateral official assistance agencies, they have still played a unique role in fighting against AIDS in China as technical experts, public educators, and civil society supporters.  相似文献   

11.
Feng Shi WU 《Cell research》2005,15(11):919-922
International non-governmental organizations were among the first international actors that responded to the emergence of AIDS crisis in China. Since 1994, the number of international non-governmental organizations and charitable foundations working in AIDS related issue areas in China has grown steadily and substantially. Despite their organizational differences, most of these non-governmental actors present the characteristics of independent mission, localized practice and diverse working focus. Even though they are constrained by financial and other factors compared with multilateral and bilateral official assistance agencies, they have still played a unique role in fighting against AIDS in China as technical experts, public educators, and civil society supporters.  相似文献   

12.
INTRODUCTION This research examines a group of international non- governmental organizations (NGOs) and private founda- tions that have worked and/or are still working in HIV/ AIDS prevention related issue areas in China. Main char- acteristics of this tr…  相似文献   

13.
International non-governmental organizations were among the first international actors that responded to the emergence of AIDS crisis in China. Since 1994, the number of international non-governmental organizations and charitable foundations working in AIDS related issue areas in China has grown steadily and substantially. Despite their organizational differences, most of these non-governmental actors present the characteristics of independent mission, localized practice and diverse working focus. Even though they are constrained by financial and other factors compared with multilateral and bilateral official assistance agencies, they have still played a unique role in fighting against AIDS in China as technical experts, public educators, and civil society supporters.  相似文献   

14.
Grounds for the necessity of the formation of effective approaches to the prevention of HIV epidemic with a view to counteract the rapid spread of infection in East European countries are presented. Attention is specially drawn to fact that the epidemic will not be limited by drug users, but will quickly cross the boundaries of this group. The development of preventive measures must be based on the use of the world experience. New effective approaches to work with vulnerable groups (the strategy of harm reduction, work in communities, consultations, etc.) must be widely used. The program of actions of the UNAIDS European Section, stipulating the strengthening and extension of the potential of the countries in the region for the effective counteraction to the epidemic, is formulated. As priority areas, activities covering vulnerable groups and with young people have been determined. The strategy of UNAIDS is realized through 20 UN theme groups on HIV/AIDS in the countries of Eastern Europe. Special attention is drawn to the creation of methodological networks. The creation of a unified strategic plan for counteraction the epidemic of HIV/AIDS is regarded by UNAIDS as its perspective for the future.  相似文献   

15.

Introduction

To effectively address HIV/AIDS in Africa, evidence on preventing new infections and providing effective treatment is needed. Ideally, decisions on which interventions are effective should be based on evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Our previous research described African RCTs of HIV/AIDS reported between 1987 and 2003. This study updates that analysis with RCTs published between 2004 and 2008.

Objectives

To describe RCTs of HIV/AIDS conducted in Africa and reported between 2004 and 2008.

Methods

We searched the Cochrane HIV/AIDS Specialized Register in September 2009. Two researchers independently evaluated studies for inclusion and extracted data using standardized forms. Details included location of trials, interventions, methodological quality, location of principal investigators and funders.

Results

Our search identified 834 RCTs, with 68 conducted in Africa. Forty-three assessed prevention-interventions and 25 treatment-interventions. Fifteen of the 43 prevention RCTs focused on preventing mother-to-child HIV transmission. Thirteen of the 25 treatment trials focused on opportunistic infections. Trials were conducted in 16 countries with most in South Africa (20), Zambia (12) and Zimbabwe (9). The median sample size was 628 (range 33-9645). Methods used for the generation of the allocation sequence and allocation concealment were adequate in 38 and 32 trials, respectively, and 58 reports included a CONSORT recommended flow diagram. Twenty-nine principal investigators resided in the United States of America (USA) and 18 were from African countries. Trials were co-funded by different agencies with most of the funding obtained from USA governmental and non-governmental agencies. Nineteen pharmaceutical companies provided partial funding to 15 RCTs and African agencies co-funded 17 RCTs. Ethical approval was reported in 65 trials and informed consent in 61 trials.

Conclusion

Prevention trials dominate the trial landscape in Africa. Of note, few principal investigators and funders are from Africa. These findings mirror our previous work and continue to indicate a need for strengthening trial research capacity in Africa.  相似文献   

16.
17.
The sentinel epidemiological surveillance on the level of spread of HIV infection among injecting drug users in Poltava, taking part in the program of harm reduction, was carried out. The results of the surveillance revealed that the level of HIV infection among drug users was 37.8%, the level of HIV infection among females being higher than that among males. These data indicate that the level of HIV infection rises with the increase of age and the time of drug consumption. Still in the age group of 30 years and older and among drug addicts using drugs for 7 years and longer the lowest level of HIV infection was noted.  相似文献   

18.
19.
Knowledge useful to the fight against HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa cannot be extrapolated to those coming from industrialized countries. The aim of this article is to review specificities of the African epidemy, in terms of epidiomolgy, natural history, validated therapeutic interventions, and unexplored questions. Far from being without effective tools and research tracks to fight against this plague which decimates a continent, one is above all confronted with a deficit of both mobilization and means.  相似文献   

20.
This study investigates current contraceptive use among Malawi couples. The data examined are from the 2001 Malawi Diffusion and Ideational Change Project (MDICP). The aim of the study is to explore whether contraceptive use among married couples is affected by the couple's concerns about HIV/AIDS and couple's age difference. Contraceptive use was found to be associated with the couple's HIV concern and family planning goals. There is no significant association between spousal age difference and contraceptive use. The findings are important for future work on the connection of marital concerns about HIV/AIDS with contraceptive behaviours, especially the use of condoms, and for informing HIV preventive strategies in marriage.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号