三种瘤背豆象幼虫酯酶同工酶的比较研究

本研究采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板型电泳法 ,分析了 3种瘤背豆象属豆象 :绿豆象 Callosobruchuschinensis L.、灰豆象 C.phaseoli ( Gyllenhal)、鹰嘴豆象 C.analis ( Fabricius)幼虫的酯酶同工酶。从酶谱的酶带数、迁移率、酶活性强弱 (酶带染色深浅 )、酶含量 (酶带宽窄 )等方面的比较发现 ,3种瘤背豆象属豆象幼虫的酯酶同工酶酶谱具有明显的差异。由此探讨利用酯酶同工酶电泳法鉴别豆象的可能性     

中国石龙子不同组织三种同工酶的研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法,研究了分布在广东韶关地区的中国石龙子（Eumeces chinensis）的肝脏、肌肉、心脏、脑、生殖腺5种组织的酯酶（EST）、淀粉酶（AMY）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）3种同工酶,旨在为华南地区中国石龙子的系统分类提供理论依据,结果表明不同的同工酶存在组织特异性,并且分布特征与其生理功能有一定关系.     

叶甲亚科五种昆虫的酯酶同工酶研究

应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法分析研究了叶甲亚科五种昆虫的酯酶同工酶的酶谱,结果表明该法与形态学分类的效果一致。     

家鸽不同组织同工酶的初步研究

利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法对家鸽不同组织的酯酶同工酶、乳酸脱氢酶同工酶的酶谱进行了观察和试验分析。计算了家鸽8种组织酯酶同工酶各自酶带的Rf值。显示出家鸽8种组织的酯酶同工酶酶带和7种组织的乳酸脱氢酶同工酶酶谱分布特征具有明显的组织特异性。初步分析了基因位点与酶谱带型之间的相互关系,对于鸟类的生化分析和遗传研究有参考作用。     

菜粉蝶不同发育期酯酶同工酶的比较研究

利用垂直板型聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法研究菜粉蝶Pieris rapae不同发育期的酯酶同工酶,并探讨在个体发育过程中的作用。     

赖草属七个种同工酶研究

用聚丙酰胺凝胶电泳法对赖草属７个种的幼根、幼叶进行了酯酶、过氧化物酶同工酶分析,结果表明：无论从相同器官进行不同的同工酶分析,还是从不同器官进行相同的同工酶分析,这７个种的酶谱在各带区存在相似酶带,但更多的是相异酶带。从酯酶、过氧化物酶这两种酶分析结果来看,酯酶比过氧化物酶分离效果好些;从幼根和幼叶这两个器官的酶谱来看,幼根比幼叶酶带多些,分离效果也好些。同时也表明这７个种的酶谱变化与染色体倍性变化无关     

H20：浸种对水稻种子萌发生长及其过氧化物酶同工酶、醋酶同工酶的影响。

适当浓度的H,O,溶液浸种能促进水稻种子萌发生长和提高发芽率,特别是对贮存两年的杂交稻 种子的促进作用尤为明显,其中0.5% H,O,浸种效果最佳。分析水稻种子萌发过程中的过氧化物酶 同工酶和va酶同工酶,结果表明,浸种三天后,处理组的过氧化物酶同工酶和醋酶同工酶酶谱都比对照 组的多4条酶带,且处理组的两种同工酶带染色均比对照组的深。这说明,H,O,浸种后某些同工酶提 前出现,种子的生理生化代谢比较活袄,这与种子萌发生长加快和发芽率提高是一致的。     

八种狼蛛酯酶同工酶的研究

同工酶用于动物分类学研究,国内外已有大量文献报道,其中尤以酯酶同工酶的研究较多。在蜘蛛方面,国内学者已先后做过一些酯酶同工酶的研究工作（屈虹等,１９８５;邱琼华等,１９８７;黄红等,１９９２）,但尚未从遗传学角度对其进行分析。另外,以前的研究大多是个别取样,并且只以酶带数及其迁移率为依据进行比较分析。而在本项研究中,采取居群取样,对陕西８种常见狼蛛的酯酶同工酶作遗传学分析,为进一步探索酯酶同工酶的分类学价值和了解物种间亲缘关系提供遗传及生化方面的依据。１　材料和方法１－１　动　物　实验动物采自野…     

吉富罗非鱼不同组织中4种同工酶研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析了吉富罗非鱼肌肉、肠、肝、胰、胃不同组织中酯酶(EST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、蛋白酶同工酶组成。结果表明:吉富罗非鱼的这4种同工酶均有明显的组织特异性。EST在肌肉组织中表达量较低,EST-1在肠中表达较高,胰、肝组织中均由6种EST同工酶谱带组成;LDH-5在肌肉组织中含量较高;SOD在肝、肌肉组织中表达较高;肠、肝蛋白酶活性较高,由5种同工酶谱带组成,胰蛋白酶含有一种同工酶。该研究为杂交鱼类的酶工程、生化遗传研究提供理论基础,进一步促进吉富罗非鱼这一优良养殖品种的开发和利用。     

草鱼同工酶发育遗传学研究——Ⅰ.不同组织器官的同工酶分析

采用垂直淀粉凝胶电泳及特异性组织化学染色技术,研究了草鱼成体脑、眼、心、肾、肌、肝等6种组织中的6种同工酶系统(LDH、MDH、GDH、ADH、LDH、EST)的分化表达谱式。结果表明,草鱼的同工酶系统具有明显的组织特异性。与绝大多数硬骨鱼类相比,草鱼的LDH、m-MDH和ADH同工酶具有特殊的表达谱式:m-MDH和ADH均由两个基因座位编码;肾脏在LDH-A_3B与LDH-A_2B_3之间多出1条LDH酶带(LDH-X)。本文还讨论了草鱼同工酶的遗传基础和亚基组成,以及本实验的某些结果与其他作者的结果不相符的原因。     

Effect of mating status on the fecundity of a cricket,Teleogryllus emma

Abstract Fecundity in some insects is affected by mating status. The effect of mating status on the fecundity and total egg production of Teleogryllus emma (Ohmachi et Matsumura) (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) was examined in this study. The results showed that the pre‐oviposition period was shorter for amphigonic females than that for virgin females. However, no significant difference in pre‐oviposition was found between amphigonic females and those that had mated with a male with either the phallodeum or testes extirpated. There is no difference in adult longevity between the above four groups. The fecundity and total egg production were much higher in amphigonic females than in those controlled under the three non‐amphigonic treatments. The females of T. emma that mated with the testes‐extirpated males produced more eggs (up to two‐fold more) than both the virgin females and those that mated with the phallodeum‐extirpated males, but there was no difference between them. The fecundity‐enhancing substances transferred from male to female can stimulate the female to produce more eggs, but this stimulation has to occur in collaboration with sperm.     

Study on the Esterase Isozyme from the Related Citrus Plants

In this experiment, the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is adopted to test the esterase isozyme of seeds and seedling of the fourteen species of related Citrus plants. The relationship with each other is analysed according to the resutls of zymogram and scanning chart. The data show that there are differences of various degrees in the number of the isozyme bands, the enzyme activity, the migration of enzymes and their chromatogram scanning. The isozyme of the same species has different forms of expression in the different period of development. The esterase isozyme zymogram of the Citrus seed is generally stable. It can be used as the biochemical and genetical index to detemine the genetic ralationship of Citrus.     

暗纹东方同工酶生化表现型的研究

利用聚丙烯酚胺凝胶垂直平板电泳方法,对暗纹东方的心、肝、肾,肌、性腺５种不同组织的７种同工酶（ＥＳＴ、ＬＤＨ、ＰＯＤ、ＭＤＨ、ＳＯＤ、ＳＤＨ、α－ＡＭＹ）进行了研究,讨论了各同工酶的基因表达谱式,观察到ＥＳＴ同工酶存在着多态现象;ＬＤＨ同工酶有二个基因位点,但只表现３条带,Ａ与Ｂ亚基的结合受阻;ＭＤＨ同工酶存在性别差异,说明决定ＭＤＨ同工酶表达的因素在不同性别中存在差异;ＳＯＤ同工酶有３个基因位点。各同工酶酶谱稳定,有组织特异性,倡ＥＳＴ、ＭＤＨ、ＳＯＤ、ＰＯＤ同工酶在各组织器官中又表现出较大的一致性,有利于物种的鉴定。α－ＡＭＹ与ＳＤＨ只在个别组织中有活性,可能与特定组织与器官的形态发生与机能分化有关。     

中国大鲵不同组织同工酶的比较研究

中国大鲵Chinese Giant Salamander(Andrias davidianus)是1869年被David[1]在中国西部发现的,俗称娃娃鱼、狗鱼、啼鱼,隶属两栖纲、有尾目、隐鳃鲵科、大鲵属,是世界上最大的珍稀有尾两栖类动物,被列为国家二级保护动物。曾广泛分布于我国中南部各省,是由水生脊椎动物向陆生脊椎动物过渡的类群,具有独特的科研和经济价值[2,3],从20世纪70年代起,很多学者[4—6]对大鲵的性腺发育、人工繁殖、胚胎发育及大鲵的资源状况和生态等方面做了一些研究,而有关中国大鲵同工酶方面的研究很少,同工酶的研究不仅有助于探讨个体发育过程中个体基因的表…     

The necessity for low temperature treatment on the eggs of Emma Cricket,Teleogryllus emma and the method of increasing the hatching rate after low temperature treatment

The necessity for low temperature treatment of Emma Cricket Eggs, Teleogryllus emma, to dormancy breaking and the method of increasing hatching rate after low temperature treatment were investigated. Emma Cricket Eggs were treated by constant temperature, room temperature, low temperature, step‐down low temperature. As a result, constant temperature treatment was the lowest on hatching rate. The hatching rates of the rest of other temperature treatments were not different statistically (one‐way ANOVA). In other word, low temperature treatment was not necessary to dormancy breaking. But low temperature treatment was necessary to control individual number of Emma Cricket, Teleogryllus emma, on the mass indoor‐rearing system. And the step‐up temperature treatment was necessary to increase hatching rate after low temperature treatment.     

酯酶同工酶在鞘翅目昆虫分类中的应用简介

简要介绍了酯酶同工酶电泳技术在鞘翅目昆虫分类研究中的应用。包括叶甲科Chrysomelidae、天牛科Cerambycidae、小蠹科Scolytidae、瓢虫科Coccinelidae、豆象科Bruchidae、金龟子科Scarabaeidae、萤科Lampyridae和苔水龟虫科Hydraenidae等。     

Peroxidase isozyme patterns in the skin of maturing tomato fruit

The cessation of tomato fruit growth is thought to be induced by an increase in the activity of enzymes which rigidify cell walls in the fruit skin. Peroxidase could catalyse such wall‐stiffening reactions, and marked rises in peroxidase activity were recently reported in skin cell walls towards fruit maturity. Peroxidase isoforms in the fruit are here analysed using native gel electrophoresis. New isoforms of apparent M_r 44, 48 and 53 kDa are shown to appear in cell walls of the fruit skin at around the time of cessation of growth. It is inferred that these isozymes are present in the cell wall in vivo. Fruit from a range of non‐ripening mutants were also examined. Some of these do not soften or ripen for many weeks after achieving their final size. The new isozymes were found in skin cell walls of mature fruit in each of these mutants, as in the wild‐type and commercial varieties. It is concluded that the late‐appearing isozymes are not associated with fruit ripening or softening, and are probably not ethylene‐induced. They may act to control fruit growth by cross‐linking wall polymers within the fruit skin, thus mechanically stiffening the walls and terminating growth.     

Comparison among the isozyme profiles associated with ethrel treatments of leaves, and with senescence and plum pox virus infection in Chenopodium foetidum

Changes in the isozyme profiles of peroxidases (POX, EC 1.11.1.7), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT, EC 2.6.1.1) and esterases (EST, EC 3.1.1.1) have been studies in leaves of Chenopodium foetidum S. treated with ethrel. Different systems for administration of the ethrel led to different responses. In intact plants, treatment of the complete surface of leaves or local administration by pricking the leaves induced senescence and wilting as well as quick changes, characteristic of ageing, in the isozyme patterns of the treated leaves. Isolated leaves treated with ethrel in vitro also showed a senescence response, but this was followed by a necrosis that displayed an isozyme pattern highly similar to that of necrotic lesions induced by plum pox virus (PPV) infection. An accelerated senescence process seems to be involved in the induction of changes in the isozyme patterns of expression during the hypersensitive response of Chenopodium foetidum to PPV infection, and ethylene could participate in this process. However, other factors may also be required for necrotization.