肽链及蛋白质N-末端喹喔啉类荧光衍生物的形成

蛋白质及肽链N-末端经Dixon转氨后的羰酰基与邻苯二胺作用可形成喹喔啉类荧光衍生物.形成这一发色团的过程较为缓慢;喹喔啉短肽的激发(Ex 293-305nm)与发射(Em 360-365nm)波长随肽链氨基酸残基组成不同而有一定变化;喹喔啉胰岛素荧光衍生物的激发光波长为Ex318nm,发射波长为Em 353nm.喹喔啉三肽的荧光在乙二醇溶液中的变化因其氨基酸残基组成的不同而有差异.以上结果提示:喹喔啉类荧光衍生物可能作为研究蛋白和肽结构与功能的一种手段.     

不同一级结构寡肽的α-羰酰及喹喔啉衍生物的荧光性质

通过对寡肽N-末端α-羰酰及喹喔啉衍生物和荧光在碘化钾、乙二醇、盐酸胍和氯化钠溶液中的变化测定结果表明:不同一级结构寡肽的羰酰荧光物的碘化钾淬灭过程彼此有差异.在不同浓度的乙二醇和盐酸胍溶液中,第三位氨基酸残基的种类和构型不同的寡肽羰酰衍生物的荧光变化亦有不同.乙二醇引起羰酰甘氨寡肽荧先发射峰位红移.丙氨寡肽的发射峰位蓝移;并且不同链长的甘氨短肽及丙氨短肽羰酰衍生物在不同浓度的乙二醇或盐酸胍溶液中各自的荧光变化有差异,但这种差异随肽链的延长逐渐减小.以上结果提示:尽管(含有2-6个氨基酸残基的)寡肽在溶液中难以形成二级结构,但它们的空间构象可能不是随机的;寡肽链越长,结构相对稳定.     

不同一级结构寡肽的α-羰酰及喹喔啉衍生物的荧光性质

通过对寡肽N-末端α-羰酰及喹喔啉衍生物和荧光在碘化钾、乙二醇、盐酸胍和氯化钠溶液中的变化测定结果表明:不同一级结构寡肽的羰酰荧光物的碘化钾淬灭过程彼此有差异.在不同浓度的乙二醇和盐酸胍溶液中,第三位氨基酸残基的种类和构型不同的寡肽羰酰衍生物的荧光变化亦有不同.乙二醇引起羰酰甘氨寡肽荧先发射峰位红移.丙氨寡肽的发射峰位蓝移;并且不同链长的甘氨短肽及丙氨短肽羰酰衍生物在不同浓度的乙二醇或盐酸胍溶液中各自的荧光变化有差异,但这种差异随肽链的延长逐渐减小.以上结果提示:尽管(含有2-6个氨基酸残基的)寡肽在溶液中难以形成二级结构,但它们的空间构象可能不是随机的;寡肽链越长,结构相对稳定.     

蛋白质合成肽链释放因子的多功能性

肽链释放因子在蛋白质合成终止过程中,对新生肽链从核糖体上释放起重要作用。第一类肽链释放因子识别终止密码子,水解肽酰-tRNA酯键;第二类肽链释放因子是一类依赖于第一类肽链释放因子和核糖体的GTP酶,促进第一类肽链释放因子发挥肽链释放的功能。最近的研究表明,肽链释放因子不仅在细胞内蛋白质合成终止过程中起重要的作用,其在细胞的骨架形成,尤其是细胞有丝分裂过程中对纺锤体的形成起重要的作用。两类肽链释放因子还与其他功能蛋白质相互作用,表现出多功能蛋白质的特征。     

蛋白质溶液可逆热变性及其与肽链构象关系的研究

用微量扫描量热技术及远紫外圆二色谱研究了蛋白质水溶液的浓度和ｐＨ对蛋白质热变性可逆性的影响及其与在热变性时肽链构象的关系。结果表明,当蛋白质溶液的浓度为０．０４％、ｐＨ为３时可实现完全可逆的热变性,然而蛋白质溶液宏观上的热变性并不意味着微观上蛋白质分子肽链的完全伸展。     

DNA与蛋白质结合的荧光测定

构建了插入λ阻抑蛋白（Ｒｅｐ）的操纵基因（ＯＲ）和Ｂｇｌ Ⅱ识别位点的ＰＢＲ３２２重组质粒。阻抑蛋白与该质粒的相互作用可用Ｂｇｌ Ⅱ对它的水解作用引起的ＥＢ荧光变化来研究。在Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ中表达的Ｒｅｐ表现了与该重组质粒结合的活国和。核苷酸序列具精确二重对称性的ＯＲ（ＯＲｃｏｎｓ）对Ｒｅｐ的亲和力比天然的ＯＲ１小。     

ATP－乙醛磺酸衍生物的荧光性质

２－氨基乙磺酸类似物乙醛磺酸（ＳＡＤ）具有荧光（ＥＸ：３１４ｎｍ;ＥＭ：４００ｎｍ）。ＳＡＤ与ＡＴＰ反应过程中醛基减少的时间动力学表明,ＡＴＰ在３７℃经过４小时可能完全与ＳＡＤ反应。ＳＡＤ与ＡＴＰ反应的结果可使ＡＴＰ的荧光增强约一倍。以上结果表明：ＳＡＤ可以在上述温和条件下与ＡＴＰ进行反应,因此,ＳＡＤ可能成为一种ＤＮＡ和ＲＮＡ的修饰或调节分子。     

酵母GAPDH在碘化钾溶液中荧光发色团的形成

酵母GAPDH的剩余活力在碘化钾为0.1M溶液中趋近于零,内源荧光在碘化钾为0.1—0.4M时迅速被淬灭,在0.5—2.0M时基本不变,3.0M时达到最低。并在一定浓度的碘化钾溶液中形成新的荧光发色性质(Ex336nm;Em383nm),量子产率大约为0.2,但形成该荧光发色团较为缓慢。与NAD荧光衍生物(Chen-LuTsou,etal.(1983)Biochem.Soc.Trans.11,425—429)不同的是,GAPDH在碘化钾溶液中形成荧光发色团时不需要光的激发。肌酸激酶及胰岛素不形成这种荧光衍生物。     

核糖核酸酶、胰凝乳蛋白酶等蛋白质光照产生荧光物质的研究

对核糖核酸酶、胰凝乳蛋白酶等近十种蛋白质、氨基酸及其衍生物进行光照研究,发现在强紫外光照后都能产生荧光物,其发射峰的位置在400um左右.光照带芳香氨基酸残基的蛋白质形成荧光物是蛋白质的一个共同的特性.进一步分离这些蛋白荧光物时,发现这些蛋白质受到紫外光照后,有一定的破坏,包括链的断裂和某些氨基酸含量的减少.     

癌症病人血液的荧光光谱研究

研究了癌症病人全血、血浆和血红蛋白的激发波长—发射波长—荧光光强三维光谱,观察到特征谱带625nm的荧光本原物质存在于血红蛋白部分,比较了十五种癌症(28例),十例非癌症病人和健康人血液在625nm带的荧光强度.     

癌症病人血液的荧光光谱研究

研究了癌症病人全血、血浆和血红蛋白的激发波长—发射波长—荧光光强三维光谱,观察到特征谱带625nm的荧光本原物质存在于血红蛋白部分,比较了十五种癌症(28例),十例非癌症病人和健康人血液在625nm带的荧光强度.     

ON SOME GENERAL PROPERTIES OF PROTEINS

1. The processes of denaturation and coagulation of hemoglobin are like those of other proteins. 2. When hemoglobin is denatured it is probably depolymerized into hemochromogen. 3. When other proteins are denatured they, too, are probably depolymerized. Conversely, native proteins can be regarded as aggregates of denatured proteins. 4. The globins and histones are to be regarded as denatured proteins rather than as a distinct group of proteins. 5. The factors affecting the equilibrium between native and denatured proteins have been considered. 6. A non-polar group is uncovered when a protein is denatured. 7. It has been shown that judged by the two most sensitive tests for the specificity of proteins, it is only when proteins are in the native form that they are highly specific.     

THE AMPHOTERIC PROPERTIES OF SOME AMINO-ACIDS AND PEPTIDES

The titration curves of solutions of glycine, alanine, α-ammo-butyric acid, leucine, glycyl-glycine, alanyl-glycine, alanyl-alanine, acetone, acetamide, urea, acetic acid, and aceturic acid were determined and some of the relations as dependent upon the chemical structures discussed. The isoelectric points of some of the amphoteric electrolytes were found experimentally. The definition of isoelectric point, its theoretical significance, and method of calculation were considered in some detail.     

INFLUENCE ON ELECTROFUSION BY ADSORPTION OF FLUORESCENT DEXTRAN ON PROTOPLAST MEMBRANES

In this paper, the influence of negatively charged active fluorescent dextran on electrofusion of barley protoplasts was investigated. We discovered that this biopolymer inhibits the electrofusion process. The adsorption of fluorescent dextran on membranes was determined by observing their fluorescence microphotograph in protoplast suspension. A green fluorescent ring appeared around the membrane. The adsorption phenomena were also investigated by measuring the influence of additives on electrophoresis of protoplasts. It was detected that the membrane of barley protoplasts had a negative charge. After being stored in solution containing fluorescent dextran, the protoplasts demonstrated increased relative mobility due to the increase of negative charge on membranes by adsorption. The mobility decreased when the protoplasts were pretreated in the solution containing positively charged substances Bardac 2080. The increase of the membrane's negative charge by adsorption F-DX enhances the repulsion between protoplasts, and therefore decreases the electrofusion yield.