灵芝多糖对荷瘤小鼠肿瘤免疫系统的影响

目的:观察灵芝多糖对荷瘤小鼠免疫系统的影响.方法:纯系BALB/c小鼠30只,用U14瘤细胞荷瘤建立动物模型,随机平均分为三组:灵芝多糖治疗组、环磷酰胺治疗组、生理盐水对照组.观察灵芝多糖对荷瘤小鼠NK细胞活性、淋巴细胞转化率、TNF-α等免疫指标的影响.结果:灵芝多糖能够显著提高治疗组小鼠的NK细胞活性、淋巴细胞转化率和血清中TNF-α、IL-2的含量.结论:灵芝多糖能够显著提荷瘤小鼠免疫系统的活性.     

灵芝发酵液多糖提取物对荷瘤小鼠细胞免疫的动态观察

目的:观察灵芝发酵液多糖提取物对S180荷瘤小鼠部分免疫指标的动态调节作用,探讨其抗肿瘤机制.方法:S180瘤细胞荷瘤昆明小鼠80只建立动物模型,生理盐水组(NS组)与灵芝发酵液多糖组(GFG组)各40只,分别于荷瘤后第4,7,10,13,16天每组各处死8只小鼠,检测GFG对NK细胞活性、淋巴细胞转化率的影响.结果:GFG能显著提高荷瘤小鼠NK细胞活性和淋巴细胞转化率.随荷瘤时间延长,GFG组较NS组能维持较高水平(P＜0.01),但总体呈下降趋势.结论:灵芝发酵液多糖提取物能显著提高NK细胞活性和淋巴细胞转化率,并维持一定水平.     

C_(60)对小鼠S_(180)肉瘤光动力学作用模型的建立

为验证C60 对活体肿瘤的光动力学损伤作用,我们从两方面进行实验 :C60 对荷瘤小鼠的S180实体瘤的光动力学杀伤作用和C60 对离体S180 肿瘤细胞的光动力学杀伤作用。在小鼠的瘤体上注射C60 光敏剂 ,在511nm和578nm混合黄绿色激光照射下 ,激发C60,产生大量的单线态氧 ,杀伤活性肿瘤。在激光光强为500mW ,C60 浓度为30μg/ml时 ,荷瘤小鼠寿命平均延长5天 ,瘤径减小1cm,瘤重减轻0.8克 ,在活体水平上验证了C60 的光动力学作用 ;另外,在离体的S180 肿瘤细胞中加入细胞培养物和C60 脂质体光敏剂 ,用碘钨灯照射激发C60。经MTT法和FDA -PI双色荧光分光光度法检测 ,离体S180 肿瘤细胞也明显被杀伤。C60 具有强的光敏剂作用 ,它不仅在活体水平上可以杀伤S180 实体瘤而且对离体的S180 实体瘤细胞有强的杀伤作用。     

软骨多糖诱导小鼠S180细胞凋亡的作用机制

目的研究软骨多糖对S180荷瘤小鼠的作用,并探讨其抑瘤作用机制。方法采用小鼠肉瘤S180细胞建立动物腹水瘤模型,通过腹腔注射软骨多糖进行治疗,治疗期间抽取腹水瘤细胞进行细胞生物学分析。通过HE染色,流式细胞术、TUNEL法检测细胞形态学方面、细胞周期及凋亡率的变化情况;通过免疫荧光方法检测Fas、增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)的表达情况。结果软骨多糖可以明显提高S180荷瘤小鼠的生存率,细胞形态学观察可见细胞出现细胞质浓缩、核固缩及凋亡小体等现象。软骨多糖作用后的S180细胞,其细胞周期被阻遏于G2/M期,Fas蛋白的表达水平于给药24 h后升高,增殖细胞核抗原PCNA表达下降。结论软骨多糖可能通过影响肿瘤细胞周期和Fas、PCNA蛋白的表达来诱导S180细胞凋亡,并显著抑制肿瘤细胞的生长,延长S180荷瘤小鼠的生存时间,研究证实动物软骨多糖具有潜在的药用价值。     

热处理肿瘤细胞抗原负载树突细胞抗小鼠结肠癌效应

研究了热处理肿瘤细胞抗原负载骨髓来源的树突细胞（dendritic cell,DC）对结肠癌小鼠的治疗作用.将小鼠结肠癌细胞CT26热处理后超声破膜,以其细胞裂解液负载BALB/c小鼠骨髓来源的DC,观察DC诱导肿瘤特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞（cytotoxic T lymphocyte,CTL）杀伤活性;并将DC接种于荷瘤小鼠皮下,观察其对肿瘤生长的抑制作用及对荷瘤小鼠生存期的影响.发现致敏DC诱导的CTL对CT26肿瘤细胞具有显著的杀伤作用.用致敏DC免疫小鼠后,对小鼠肿瘤的生长具有显著的抑制作用,并能显著延长荷瘤小鼠的生存时间.热处理肿瘤细胞抗原负载的树突细胞对结肠癌小鼠具有显著的治疗效果.     

羧甲基茯苓多糖的制备及体内抗肿瘤作用的实验研究

目的 :探讨羧甲基茯苓多糖的制备方法及体内抗肿瘤作用。方法 :选择性氧化茯苓菌发酵液得羧甲基茯苓多糖 ,检测三个剂量的羧甲基茯苓多糖 (2 mg/ ml、4mg/ ml、6mg/ ml)对 H2 2 荷瘤小鼠淋巴细胞转化率和 NK细胞杀伤活性以及血清中 TNF-α含量的影响。结果 :羧甲基茯苓多糖三个剂量组均可提高荷瘤小鼠的淋巴细胞转化率和 NK细胞杀伤活性 ,与生理盐水组相比差异有显著性 (P<0 .0 5) ,中剂量组抗肿瘤的效果显著 ,与其他两组相比差异有显著性 (P<0 .0 5) ;羧甲基茯苓多糖三个剂量组均可提高荷瘤小鼠血清中 TNF-α的含量 ,与生理盐水组相比差异有显著性 (P<0 .0 5) ,但三个剂量组之间比较差异无显著性 (P<0 .0 5)。结论 :羧甲基茯苓多糖可改善荷瘤小鼠的免疫功能 ,具有抗肿瘤作用 ,且功效与作用剂量间有一定的关系 ,在最佳剂量时活性最高     

石斛多糖对肿瘤特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞抗肿瘤作用的影响

目的:探讨石斛多糖对肿瘤特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞抗肿瘤作用的影响。方法:利用石斛多糖和肿瘤特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)共同作用荷瘤小鼠,测量小鼠的肿瘤重量和观察小鼠的生存期。结果:石斛多糖和肿瘤特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)共同作用能明显抑制小鼠的肿瘤生长和延长小鼠的生存期。结论:石斛多糖能加强肿瘤特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)的抗肿瘤作用。     

香菇C91-3菌丝发酵蛋白对H22肿瘤细胞体内外抗肿瘤机制的初探

目的探讨香菇C91-3菌丝发酵蛋白(LFP91-3)对H22肿瘤细胞抑瘤作用及相关机制。方法应用不同剂量LFP91-3(50、100和150μg)对H22荷瘤小鼠腹水瘤模型和腋下实体瘤进行治疗,观察其生存期和体内抑瘤作用;并用MTT法(LFP91-3浓度5、10、15μg/mL)和流式细胞仪对经LFP作用的H22肿瘤细胞进行观察和检测。结果香菇C91-3菌丝发酵提取蛋白(LFP91-3)能延长H22荷瘤小鼠的生存期,对体外培养的H22有直接杀伤作用,抑瘤率出现对浓度和时间的依赖性。LFP91-3能将H22肿瘤细胞株细胞周期阻滞到S期并诱导出细胞凋亡。结论 LFP91-3在体内、外对H22肿瘤细胞有较好的抑瘤作用,主要是诱导其调亡。     

雪灵芝粗多糖对S180荷瘤小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的:建立S180荷瘤小鼠模型,探讨雪灵芝粗多糖(AKCP)对荷瘤小鼠免疫功能的影响.方法:Balb/c小鼠随机分为6组:正常组、模型组、香菇多糖(LNT,0.25 mg/kg)组和AKCP-H(200 mg/kg)、AKCP-M(100 mg/kg)、AKCP-L(50 mg/kg)剂量组,除正常组外,其余5组建立S...     

双歧杆菌及其发酵液的抗肿瘤机制的研究

目的 通过比较双歧杆菌及其发酵液的抗肿瘤作用,对其抑瘤作用和相关机制进行初步探讨。方法 取BALB／c小鼠,分别予H22细胞和S180细胞腹腔荷瘤,荷瘤后给予不同的治疗。分别观察2种肿瘤细胞荷瘤小鼠的生存期。右腋下荷瘤后,进行病理切片观察。MTT法计算给予不同方法后的抑瘤率。并计算淋巴细胞转化率。制备电镜标本。观察其超微结构。结果 双歧杆菌死菌液、活菌液能够延长荷瘤小鼠的生存期,而双歧杆菌发酵液不能延长其生存期,病理切片可见作用后的肿瘤组织内部和间质有大量炎性细胞浸润。双歧杆菌死菌液、活菌液对肿瘤细胞株有抑杀作用。电镜观察死菌液作用后的H22细胞可见典型的凋亡表现。结论 双歧杆菌死菌液、活菌液在体内外均有较好的抑瘤作用,其发酵液并未显示出抑瘤作用。说明双歧杆菌的抗肿瘤作用主要来源于菌体的作用。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.