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1.
Yuni Wahyuni Ana-Rosa Ballester Yury Tikunov Ric C. H. de Vos Koen T. B. Pelgrom Awang Maharijaya Enny Sudarmonowati Raoul J. Bino Arnaud G. Bovy 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2013,9(1):130-144
An overview of the metabolic diversity in ripe fruits of a collection of 32 diverse pepper (Capsicum sp.) accessions was obtained by measuring the composition of both semi-polar and volatile metabolites in fruit pericarp, using untargeted LC–MS and headspace GC–MS platforms, respectively. Accessions represented C. annuum, C. chinense, C. frutescens and C. baccatum species, which were selected based on variation in morphological characters, pungency and geographic origin. Genotypic analysis using AFLP markers confirmed the phylogenetic clustering of accessions according to Capsicum species and separated C. baccatum from the C. annuum–C. chinense–C. frutescens complex. Species-specific clustering was also observed when accessions were grouped based on their semi-polar metabolite profiles. In total 88 semi-polar metabolites could be putatively identified. A large proportion of these metabolites represented conjugates of the main pepper flavonoids (quercetin, apigenin and luteolin) decorated with different sugar groups at different positions along the aglycone. In addition, a large group of acyclic diterpenoid glycosides, called capsianosides, was found to be highly abundant in all C. annuum genotypes. In contrast to the variation in semi-polar metabolites, the variation in volatiles corresponded well to the differences in pungency between the accessions. This was particularly true for branched fatty acid esters present in pungent accessions, which may reflect the activity through the acyl branch of the metabolic pathway leading to capsaicinoids. In addition, large genetic variation was observed for many well-established pepper aroma compounds. These profiling data can be used in breeding programs aimed at improving metabolite-based quality traits such as flavour and health-related metabolites in pepper fruits. 相似文献
2.
We report a comprehensive proteome analysis of chromoplasts from bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). The combination of a novel strategy for database-independent detection of proteins from tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) data with standard database searches allowed us to identify 151 proteins with a high level of confidence. These include several well-known plastid proteins but also novel proteins that were not previously reported from other plastid proteome studies. The majority of the identified proteins are active in plastid carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. Among the most abundant individual proteins are capsanthin/capsorubin synthase and fibrillin, which are involved in the synthesis and storage of carotenoids that accumulate to high levels in chromoplasts. The relative abundances of the identified chromoplast proteins differ remarkably compared with their abundances in other plastid types, suggesting a chromoplast-specific metabolic network. Our results provide an overview of the major metabolic pathways active in chromoplasts and extend existing knowledge about prevalent metabolic activities of different plastid types. 相似文献
3.
The results of AFLP study of 14 Capsicum annuum cultivars are presented. Notwithstanding the known low genomic variation of large-fruited sweet pepper, AFLP analysis proved to be suitable for detecting polymorphism and genotyping pepper cultivars. Nine primer pairs were selected to allow identification of the cultivars under study. Among-cultivar polymorphism detectable with these primers was estimated at 16.5%. A characteristic AFLP pattern was obtained for each cultivar. Several cultivar-specific fragments were revealed for seven cultivars. On the basis of the AFLP data, genetic distances between cultivars were computed and a tree was constructed by means of hierarchic cluster analysis (UPGMA) with the Jacquard coefficient. It was assumed that this information is useful in breeding programs involving the cultivars examined. 相似文献
4.
A new species of Rhodotorula Harrison was recovered in May 1978 from Spanish powdered red pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) in Madrid, Spain. It could not be identified with any hitherto described species of yeast and it was assigned to the genus Rhodotorula Harrison as representative of a new species on the bases of both its morphological and physiological characteristics, for which the name of Rhodotorula matritense is proposed. 相似文献
5.
《Mutation Research/Environmental Mutagenesis and Related Subjects》1994,312(2):151-155
Extracts from the fruits of Capsicum frutescens L. were tested for their clastogenicity using the mouse-bone-marrow micronucleus (mouse-MN) assay. Results of the mouse-MN, an in vivo method, indicated that the isolate CF-1 is clastogenic at the maximum tolerated dose of 1.22 mg/kg mouse. Statistical analysis using the Wilcoxon two-sample test showed that the null hypothesis, μtetracycline = μCF-1, is acceptable at 0.05 and 0.01 degrees of significance. Hence, the clastogenicity of CF-1 is statistically similar to that of tetracycline, a known clastogen, at the 5% and 1% levels of significance. 相似文献
6.
An integrated genetic linkage map of pepper (Capsicum spp.) 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
Paran Ilan van der Voort Jeroen Rouppe Lefebvre Véronique Jahn Molly Landry Laurie van Schriek Marco Tanyolac Bahattin Caranta Carole Chaim Arnon Ben Livingstone Kevin Palloix Alain Peleman Johan 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2004,13(3):251-261
An integrated genetic map of pepper including 6 distinct progenies and consisting of 2262 markers covering 1832 cM was constructed using pooled data from six individual maps by the Keygene proprietary software package INTMAP. The map included: 1528 AFLP, 440 RFLP, 288 RAPD and several known gene sequences, isozymes and morphological markers. In total, 320 anchor markers (common markers in at least two individual maps) were used for map integration. Most anchor markers (265) were common to two maps, while 27, 26 and 5 markers were common to three, four and five maps, respectively. Map integration improved the average marker density in the genome to 1 marker per 0.8 cM compared to 1 marker per 2.1 cM in the most dense individual map. In addition, the number of gaps of at least 10 cM between adjacent markers was reduced in the integrated map. Although marker density and genome coverage were improved in the integrated map, several small linkage groups remained, indicating that further marker saturation will be needed in order to obtain a full coverage of the pepper genome. The integrated map can be used as a reference for future mapping studies in Capsicum and to improve the utilization of molecular markers for pepper breeding.These authors contributed equally to the work described in this paper(e-mail: 相似文献
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K. Subhash P. Venkataiah P. Bhaskar 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1997,33(4):285-287
Summary Ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) is a potential mutagen to induce lincomycin resistance in Capsicum annuum. Mutagenized cotyledons
were cultured on shoot regenerating medium containing lincomycin (100 mgl−1). Approximately 14% of regenerated shoots were chlorophyll deficient and about 4% of regenerated shoots were green from mutaganized
cotyledons. The regenerated green plants were resistant to lincomycin but sensitive to chloramphenicol, kanamycin, spectinomycin,
and streptomycin. Reciprocal crosses were made between resistant and sensitive plants. Inheritance of lincomycin resistance
was transmitted as a non-Mendelian trait. Lincomycin resistance is a first selectable and maternally inherited organelle encoded
genetic marker described in chili pepper. Such mutants should be useful in designing biochemical selection schemes to recover
somatic hybrids and cybrids. 相似文献
9.
R. C. Panda O. Aniel Kumar K. G. Raja Rao 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1984,68(6):567-570
Summary Octoploidy was induced in Chili pepper (Capsicum annuum cultivar cerasiformis) through the application of colchicine and the cytomorphological features of two octoploid plants were described. In general, the octoploids did not exhibit gigas characters when compared to the tetraploids; on the contrary they were less vigorous, suggesting that the optimum and desirable ploidy level for Capsicum is probably tetraploid. Chromosome associations such as octovalents and hexavalents, in addition to IVs, IIIs, IIs and Is, were recorded at diakinesis and metaphase I. Meiosis was highly irregular and the pollen and seed fertility was very low. Cytological features of octoploid Chili peppers are compared with octoploids of Physalis and Petunia. 相似文献
10.
Andrzej Borychowski Katarzyna Niemirowicz-Szczytt Magdalena Jędraszko 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2002,24(3):257-264
Morphogenetic potential of hypocotyl and cotyledon explants of the three Polish Capsicum annuum L. cultivars (Kujawianka, Passat and Zorza) was studied to develop a reliable plant regeneration protocol. Out of 8 and 15
combinations of growth regulators used in the first and second series respectively, the best medium contained BAP (5 mg·l−1) and IAA (1 mg·l−1). Media containing thidiazuron (TDZ) and IAA proved to be worse than those with BAP and IAA. Additionally, it was indicated
that hypocotyl explants placed upside-down developed more adventious buds. ‘Passat’ was the most responsive variety (approximately
40 % of both types of explants produced buds).
In the second part of experiment the aim was to stimulate shoot induction in the conditions most adapted to Agrobacterium transformation. ‘Bryza’ replaced cv ‘Kujawianka’ and proved to be better than ‘Passat’, previously distinguished as a highly
responsive cultivar. The experiments confirmed a significant effect of the hypocotyl explant length and induction period on
shoot regeneration. Finally, the optimum concentration of carbenicillin and kanamycin was determined. 相似文献
11.
Stimulation of leaf expansion by an exogenous cytokinin was studied in isolated leaf discs of sweet pepper with emphasis on the assimilate utilization of the tissue. Leaf discs were floated on solutions containing sucrose and plant growth regulators. Benzyladenine (BA) promoted the area expansion rate of the leaf discs. Sucrose at 100 mM resulted in increased area expansion rate compared with 10 mM sucrose. However, the increased sucrose concentration had no influence on the effect of BA. Over a period of 24 h, treatment with BA did not result in any change of sucrose uptake nor of the partitioning of assimilated carbon in the leaf discs. Neither did BA treatment affect the activity of acid invertase (EC 3.2.1.26) or pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase (EC 2.7.1.90) in the leaf discs. We conclude that the observed promotion of leaf area expansion by exogenous BA is not mediated through the uptake of sucrose or the carbohydrate metabolism of the leaf tissue.Abbreviations BA
N6-benzyladenine
- GA3
gibberellic acid
- PPi-PFK
pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase (EC 2.7.1.90)
This study was supported by grants from the Danish Research Counsil (SJVF 13-4148 and 13-4547 to P.U. SJVF 13-4146 and 13-4494 to T.H.N.) and from The Research Center for Plant Biotechnology to P.U. 相似文献
12.
Capsicum species produce fruits that synthesize and accumulate unique hot compounds known as capsaicinoids in placental tissues. The
capsaicinoid biosynthetic pathway has been established, but the enzymes and genes participating in this process have not been
extensively studied or characterized. Capsaicinoids are synthesized through the convergence of two biosynthetic pathways:
the phenylpropanoid and the branched-chain fatty acid pathways, which provide the precursors phenylalanine, and valine or
leucine, respectively. Capsaicinoid biosynthesis and accumulation is a genetically determined trait in chili pepper fruits
as different cultivars or genotypes exhibit differences in pungency; furthermore, this characteristic is also developmentally
and environmentally regulated. The establishment of cDNA libraries and comparative gene expression studies in pungent and
non-pungent chili pepper fruits has identified candidate genes possibly involved in capsaicinoid biosynthesis. Genetic and
molecular approaches have also contributed to the knowledge of this biosynthetic pathway; however, more studies are necessary
for a better understanding of the regulatory process that accounts for different accumulation levels of capsaicinoids in chili
pepper fruits. 相似文献
13.
Fruit cuticle lipid composition and fruit post-harvest water loss in an advanced backcross generation of pepper (Capsicum sp.) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Parsons EP Popopvsky S Lohrey GT Lü S Alkalai-Tuvia S Perzelan Y Paran I Fallik E Jenks MA 《Physiologia plantarum》2012,146(1):15-25
To understand the role of fruit cuticle lipid composition in fruit water loss, an advanced backcross population, the BC(2)F(2) , was created between the Capsicum annuum (PI1154) and the Capsicum chinense (USDA162), which have high and low post-harvest water loss rates, respectively. Besides dramatic differences in fruit water loss, preliminary studies also revealed that these parents exhibited significant differences in both the amount and composition of their fruit cuticle. Cuticle analysis of the BC(2)F(2) fruit revealed that although water loss rate was not strongly associated with the total surface wax amount, there were significant correlations between water loss rate and cuticle composition. We found a positive correlation between water loss rate and the amount of total triterpenoid plus sterol compounds, and negative correlations between water loss and the alkane to triterpenoid plus sterol ratio. We also report negative correlations between water loss rate and the proportion of both alkanes and aliphatics to total surface wax amount. For the first time, we report significant correlations between water loss and cutin monomer composition. We found positive associations of water loss rate with the total cutin, total C(16) monomers and 16-dihydroxy hexadecanoic acid. Our results support the hypothesis that simple straight-chain aliphatic cuticle constituents form more impermeable cuticular barriers than more complex isoprenoid-based compounds. These results shed new light on the biochemical basis for cuticle involvement in fruit water loss. 相似文献
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15.
Diego Silva Batista Leonardo Lucas Carnevalli Dias Amanda Ferreira Macedo Mailson Monteiro do Rêgo Elizanilda Ramalho do Rêgo Eny Iochevet Segal Floh Fernando Luiz Finger Wagner Campos Otoni 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2013,49(6):759-764
Ethylene and polyamines (PAs) are two phytohormones that play important roles during in vitro morphogenesis of several plant species. The interaction between ethylene and PAs has been of interest because both have S-adenosylmethionine as a precursor. To study the influence of ethylene and PAs on in vitro morphogenesis of an ornamental pepper, we added an ethylene scavenger, PAs, a PA inhibitor, and compounds that affect ethylene biosynthesis and activity to the regeneration medium. Regeneration frequencies increased in response to treatment with ethylene inhibitors (aminoethoxyvinylglycine and silver thiosulfate) and an ethylene scavenger (mercury perchlorate). Treatment with the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid reduced the regeneration frequency, increased callus formation, and increased ethylene levels; similar results were obtained in response to treatment with the PA inhibitor methylglyoxal-bis(guanylhydrazone). By contrast, treatment with PAs (particularly spermidine and spermine) decreased ethylene levels, increased the regeneration frequency, and increased shoot bud formation. These results suggest a coordinated regulation of ethylene and polyamines because the suppression of ethylene levels using ethylene inhibitors, polyamines, or mercury perchlorate increased the in vitro regeneration frequency and morphogenic responses of Capsicum annuum L. 相似文献
16.
J. M. Rodriguez T. Berke L. Engle J. Nienhuis 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1999,99(1-2):147-156
Germplasm characterization is an important link between the conservation and utilization of plant genetic resources. A total
of 134 accessions from six Capsicumspecies maintained at the Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center were characterized using 110 randomly amplified
polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Ten pairs of potentially duplicated accessions were identified. Multidimensional scaling analysis
of the genetic distances among accessions resulted in clustering corresponding to a previous species assignment except for
six accessions. Diagnostic RAPDs were identified which discriminate among the Capsicumspecies. The diagnostic markers were employed for improved taxonomic identification of accessions since many morphological
traits used in the identification of Capsicumare difficult to score. Three Capsicumaccessions, misclassified based on morphological traits, were reassigned species status based on diagnostic RAPDs. Three accessions,
not previously classified, were assigned to a species based on diagnostic RAPDs. Definitive conclusions about the species
assignment of three other accessions were not possible. The level of diversity between Capsicum annuumaccessions from the genebank and the breeding program were compared and no differences were observed either for RAPD variation
or diversity. The utilization of genetic resources as a source of variance for useful traits in the breeding program may be
the reason for the similarity of these two groups.
Received: 1 September 1998 / Accepted: 28 December 1998 相似文献
17.
18.
Csaba Lantos Anikó Gémes Juhász Pál Vági Róbert Mihály Zoltán Kristóf János Pauk 《Plant biotechnology reports》2012,6(2):123-132
Isolated microspore culture experiments were carried out in sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) F1 hybrid genotypes. In the first experiment, four culture media (W14, B5, MS and NLN) were compared to test their effectiveness
in inducing the formation of microspore-derived structures in two genotypes. The experiments revealed the superiority of B5
medium. In the second experiment, the effects of different ratios of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) (0, 0.1, 0.2 and
0.5 mg l−1) and kinetin (0, 0.2 and 0.5 mg l−1) were also investigated in B5 medium with two genotypes. The effect of growth regulators were investigated on the production
of microspore-derived calli and embryo-like structures (ELSs), the ratio of the two and plant regeneration (number of regenerated
plantlets) in microspore culture. The histological experiments revealed the differences between the microspore-derived ELSs
and calli. The most promising results were obtained on the investigated parameters in the presence of 0.1 mg l−1 2,4-D and 0.2 mg l−1 kinetin producing the highest number of plantlets in both genotypes tested. In the response of 11 genotypes, the androgenesis
induction was successful in each sweet pepper genotypes tested using the best basic medium and growth regulators combination.
In case of 11 genotypes, the number of ELSs ranged from 20 to 100/Petri dish (an average of 48.1 ELS/Petri dish), while the
number of green plantlets varied from 0 to 8 plantlets/Petri dish (an average of 1.5 plantlets/Petri dish) depending on the
genotype. The spontaneous rediploidization rate obtained was 25% in isolated microspore. 相似文献
19.
R. C. Panda O. Aniel Kumar K. G. Raja Rao 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1986,72(5):665-670
Summary The seed protein profile of eight taxa of Chili peppers obtained by disc electrophoresis was found to be a diagnostic character in the study of phylogenetic relationships. The distinctness of each species and the wild and cultivated nature of concerned taxa has been confirmed. While the clustering of wildC. annuum var. glabriusculum withC. baccatum types indicated that the former is the progenitor of the latter group, the marked differences discernible in the seed protein profile of all other taxa suggest a polyphyletic origin for the genusCapsicum. 相似文献
20.
Plants in the family Solanaceae are used as model systems in comparative and evolutionary genomics. The complete chloroplast
genomes of seven solanaceous species have been sequenced, including tobacco, potato and tomato, but not peppers. We analyzed
the complete chloroplast genome sequence of the hot pepper, Capsicum annuum. The pepper chloroplast genome was 156,781 bp in length, including a pair of inverted repeats (IR) of 25,783 bp. The content
and the order of 133 genes in the pepper chloroplast genome were identical to those of other solanaceous plastomes. To characterize
pepper plastome sequence, we performed comparative analysis using complete plastome sequences of pepper and seven solanaceous
plastomes. Frequency and contents of large indels and tandem repeat sequences and distribution pattern of genome-wide sequence
variations were investigated. In addition, a phylogenetic analysis using concatenated alignments of coding sequences was performed
to determine evolutionary position of pepper in Solanaceae. Our results revealed two distinct features of pepper plastome
compared to other solanaceous plastomes. Firstly, large indels, including insertions on accD and rpl20 gene sequences, were predominantly detected in the pepper plastome compared to other solanaceous plastomes. Secondly, tandem
repeat sequences were particularly frequent in the pepper plastome. Taken together, our study represents unique features of
evolution of pepper plastome among solanaceous plastomes. 相似文献