Revision of the genus Clibadium (Asteraceae, Heliantheae)

Clibadium L. (Asteraceae, Heliantheae) is a genus of 29 species distributed throughout latin America, from Mexico to Peru, and in the West Indies, with high numbers of species in Costa Rica, Colombia, and Ecuador.Clibadium includes shrubs and small trees; usually with loosely aggregated capitula; herbaceous phyllaries arranged in 1–5 series; receptacles usually paleaceous throughout; corollas of pistillate florets 2–4-lobed; corollas of the staminate florets 4–5-lobed; purple to black anthers; and chromosome numbers alln=16. Two sections of species previously recognized are here considered as subgenera (subg.Paleata and subg.Clibadium) containing two and four sections, respectively.Clibadium subg.Paleata contains five species distributed in sects.Eggersia (3 spp.) andTrixidium (2 spp.), and subg.Clibadium has 24 species distributed among sects.Clibadium (6 spp.),Glomerata (9 spp.),Grandifolia (5 spp.), andOswalda (4 spp.).     

Revision ofVerbesina sect.Pseudomontanoa (Asteraceae)

Verbesina sect.Pseudomontanoa is revised. The last treatment of the group byRobinson & Greenman (1899) recognized 5 species; the present treatment recognizes 12 species, 3 of which (V. breedlovei, V. cronquistii andV. olsenii) are described as new. A key to species, phyletic diagram and distribution maps are provided.     

Psednotrichia perennis (Asteraceae,Senecioneae): A new species from the Huila plateau,Angola

The genus Psednotrichia (Asteraceae–Senecioneae) is endemic to Angola and currently consists of two annual species, P. xyridopsis (O. Hoffm.) Anderb. & P. O. Karis, and P. newtonii (O. Hoffm.) Anderb. & P. O. Karis. A perennial member of the genus was collected on a recent field trip to Angola, and is here described as P. perennis N. G. Bergh & B. Nord., sp. nov. A key to the three species is provided.     

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in the antipodean genus Brachyglottis (Asteraceae)

The phylogeny of the genus Brachyglottis suggests that its constituent species should contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Consistent with this hypothesis, and the established occurrence of such alkaloids in Brachyglottis repanda, Brachyglottis kirkii, and Brachyglottis hectori, an investigation of Brachyglottis adamsii revealed the presence of senecionine and retrorsine; Brachyglottis huntii was found to contain senkirkine and retrorsine; 7-O-angelylheliotridine was the predominant alkaloid in Brachyglottis perdicioides, and the same alkaloid together with senecionine, senkirkine and intergerrimine was present in the Brachyglottis hectori × B. perdicioides “Alfred Atkinson” horticultural hybrid; Brachyglottis sciadophila contained clivorine and neopetasitenine (acetylfukinotoxin); the latter alkaloid was also present in B. kirkii together with the previously reported senkirkine and senkirkine 12-acetate.     

The resurrection of Erigeron parryi (Asteraceae)

Erigeron parryi was described in 1890 from a single collection from southwest Montana. No additional collections were made during the following 90 years. Recent floristic treatments have synonomized E. parryi under E. ochroleucus. I used principal components and discriminant analyses of morphological characters to examine the relationship of E. parryi to its presumed closest relatives, E. ochroleucus, E. radicatus, and E. scribneri, in light of several populations discovered in the past 20 years. Erigeron parryi should be considered a distinct species. It can be readily distinguished from closely related species based on indument and caudex morphology. It is allopatric with E. ochroleucus and E. scribneri and ecologically separated from E. radicatus. Erigeron scribneri is intermediate between E. ochroleucus and E. radicatus and is probably best treated as a variety of one or the other of these species.     

Two new species of Haplopappus (Astereae, Asteraceae) from Mendoza, Argentina

A review of the Argentinean specimens ofHaplopappus Cass. has revealed two new species from Mendoza province, both of the sectionHaplopappus:H. boelkei, unique by its caespitose habit and long petiolate leaves, andH. mendocinus, related toH. macrocephalus (Less.) DC.,H. ochagavianus Phil. andH. tiltilensis Phil.     

The genus Rhaponticoides Vaill. (Asteraceae) in Turkey: a new species and first key

Turkish representatives of the genus Rhaponticoides Vaill. are examined. A key and distribution map of Rhaponticoides species occurring in Turkey are provided for the first time. R. hierroi Ö. Eren sp. nov., from Bakacak pass in the Western Taurus range, SW Anatolia, allied to R. mykalea (Hub.-Mor.) M. V. Agab. &; Greuter is described as a species new to science and illustrated. Its habitat conditions and conservation status are considered. Pollen micrographs of R. hierroi and R. mykalea are presented using scanning electron microscopy.     

Systematics and phylogeny of theCompositae (Asteraceae)

Compositae (Asteraceae) are remarkably homogenous in basic type of inflorescence, flower and fruit. TheCichorioideae are more closely related to the other groups than usually realized. The classical concept of theAsteroideae tribes has been confirmed in general, but recent investigations (using palynology, carpology, phytochemistry etc.) suggest numerous corrections, and some genera (e.g.Liabum, Echinops, Tarchonanthus, Arnica) do not fit into the scheme. The tribes ofAsteroideae may be divided into two groups characterized by several common characters and common tendencies. The oldest reliable fossils are known from the borderline Oligocene/Miocene. Looking for the nearest relatives,Campanulales (incl.Calyceraceae) and—because of interesting phytochemical agreements—Araliales have to be discussed.This paper was read at the XIIth International Botanical Congress, Leningrad, July 1975.     

A new species of Chiliotrichiopsis (Asteraceae: Astereae) from Peru

Chiliotrichiopsis peruviana Nesom, H. Rob. & Granda, a new species from Dept. Ayacucho in southwestern Peru, is described and illustrated. It is the only rayless species of the genus, now expanded to four species, and the only one that occurs outside of Argentina.Chiliotrichiopsis is one of six shrubby South American genera of Astereae (subtribe Hinterhuberinae) with paleate receptacles. Observations on morphology and a key to these genera provide perspective for the generic placement of the new species.     

A new species of Grindelia (Asteraceae, Astereae) from the Meseta del Somuncura (Patagonia), Argentina

Grindelia coronensis, a new species from the Meseta del Somuncura, Prov. Río Negro, Argentina, is described and illustrated. It is similar toG. chiloensis (Cornel.) Cabrera but it is readily distinguished by its leaves which are conspicuosly differentiated into a obovate blade and a long petiole.     

Grindelia mendocina (Asteraceae, astereae), a new South American species

Taxonomic revision of South American species of Grindelia Willd. has revealed a new species from Argentina, with homogamous capitula and cushion-shaped habit. The taxon is here described and illustrated.     

Quantitative morphological variation inTetramolopium (Asteraceae) in Hawaii and the Cook Islands

Multivariate analyses of quantitative characters were undertaken to examine the pattern of variation resulting from adaptive radiation ofTetramolopium in Hawaii and to investigate the systematics of an undescribed species in the Cook Islands and a group of populations of uncertain affinity on Kalaupapa Peninsula in Hawaii. Taxa differentiated on quantitative characters in the absence of qualitative characters. Differentiation was observed in multiple characters which could be organized into a few principal components. The analyses supported the species rank of the Cook Islands plants. The relationship of the Kalaupapa Peninsula populations to the rest of the taxa needs further study.     

Development and characterisation of microsatellite loci in Farfugium japonicum (Asteraceae)

Eight microsatellite loci for the perennial herb Farfugium japonicum, including the rheophytic variety luchuense endemic to riparian areas of the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, were isolated and characterised. The number of alleles ranged from 5 to 14. The expected (H _E) and observed (H _O) heterozygosities were 0.344–0.885 and 0.121–0.754, respectively, from 69 individuals in one population. Six loci exhibited significantly fewer heterozygotes than expected under Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (P < 0.05). The primers amplifying microsatellite sequences in F. japonicum may provide a population genetics tool useful in the establishment of a conservation strategy.     

Taxonomic revision of Geranium sect. Gracilia (Geraniaceae)

Geranium sect.Gracilia (Geraniaceae) comprises nine species in the Andes of Venezuela and Colombia.Geranium lindenianum andG. gracilipes are synonymized withG. holosericeum. The identity ofG. multiceps is clarified. Its differences from the two Colombian species,G. santanderiense andG. lainzii, are discussed.Geranium lignosum, G. sebosum, G. stoloniferum, G. subnudicaule, andG., velutinum are now considered to be members of sect.Gracilia. The identity ofG. pilgerianum could not be clarified because the type was destroyed and other collections have not been found. Micromorphological leaf and seed characters are discussed. Six lectotypes and one neotype are designated.

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Resumen  Se revisaGeranium sect.Gracilia (Geraniaceae), un grupo formado por nueve especies distribuidas por los Andes de Venezuela y Colombia. Se sinonimizanG. lindenianum y G. gracilipes aG. holosericeum. Se aclara la identidad deG. multiceps y se establecen sus diferencias conG. santanderiense y conG. lainzii, ambas esencialmente colombianas. Se aceptan en esta secciónG. lignosum, G. stoloniferum yG. sebosum, propuestos tras la descripción de la sect.Gracilia, yG. subnudicaule yG. velutinum, ya tratados por otros autores en como pertenecientes a este grupo. Por el contrario, la identidad deG. pilgerianum no ha podido ser aclarada tras la destrucción del tipo y ante la falta de otros materiales de la especie. Se estudian diversos caractere micromorfológicos, especialmente algunos referibles a la anatomía foliar y la de la semilla. Se designan seis lectótipos y un neótipo.

     

Implications of morphological phylogenetics for the placement of the generaAdenocaulon andEriachaenium (Asteraceae)

Adenocaulon andEriachaenium are two problematic genera because their tribal and subfamilial placement in Asteraceae is uncertain. Previous cladistic analyses based on molecular data undertaken to analyze the relationships within Asteraceae, placeAdenocaulon in the tribe Mutisieae (Cichorioideae). This paper investigates cladistic relationships amongAdenocaulon andEriachaenium and tribes of subfamilies Cichorioideae and Asteroideae using morphological data. Thirty-eight characters were scored across 52 genera selected as exemplar taxa to represent the current classification system. In the analysis (one tree, length = 86, c.i. = 0.55, r.i. = 0.64)Adenocaulon andEriachaenium are sister taxa and appear as an isolated clade nested in Cichorioideae. A new, tentative position among the tribes of the paraphyletic Cichorioideae is proposed for these two isolated genera.     

Taxonomy ofCarminatia (Asteraceae,Eupatorieae)

A taxonomic study of the largely Mexican genusCarminatia is rendered. It is comprised of three closely related species:C. tenuiflora, C. recondita andC. anomala spec. nova. Illustrations, dot maps, keys to species and complete synonymy are presented.