The Chicano Heritage

Our Catholic Heritage in Texas, 1519–1936 . Carlos E. Castañeda.
The American Occupation of New Mexico 1821–1852 . Sister Mary Loyola.
Northern Mexico on the Eve of the United States Invasion: Rare Imprints Concerning California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas, 1821–1846 . David J. Weber , ed.
Ill Fares the Land: Migrants and Migratory Labor in the United States . Carey McWilliams.
Los Estados Unidos y el México Olvidado . Agustin Cue Cánovas.
Hispanic Folklore Studies of Arthur Campa . Introduction by Carlos E. Cortés.
Spanish and Mexican Land Grants in California . Rose Hollenbaugh Aviña. M.S. thesis, University of California, 1934     

Engaging History: Historical Ethnography and Ethnology

Book reviewed in this article:
The Ngatik Massacre: History and Identity on a Micronesian Atoll . Lin Poyer. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1994. 298 pp. Early Observations of Marquesan Culture, 1595–1813 . Edwin N. Ferdon. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1993. 184 pp.     

Book Reviews: Applied Anthropology

Book reviewed in this article:
Iroquois Land Claims . Christopher Vecsey and William A. Starna , eds.
Formulating American Indian Policy in New York State, 1970–1986 . Laurence M. Hauptman     

THE EVOLUTION OF THE CONIFER CONE

Die Koniferen des Oberkarbons und des unteren Perms , Parts 1–7. By R udolf F lorin .
Plant Life of the Pacific World. By E lmer D. M errill
Merrilleana , A Selection from the General Writings of E lmer D rew M errill , Sc.D., LL.D.
Forest Soils and Forest Grozuth. By S. A. W ilde , F.E., D.T ech .S c .
The Natural Vegetation of Trinidad. By J. S. B eard .
Dating the Past: An Introduction to Geochronology. By F rederick E. Z euner .
La Culture des Tissits. By R.-J. G autheret .     

Hair in African Art and Culture

Hair in African Art and Culture. The Museum for African Art, New York, February 9–May 28, 2000 (review venue); Apex Museum, Atlanta, July–September 2000; Cantor Center for Visual Arts, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, October–December 2000; Museum of African American History, Detroit, January–April 2001; California African American Museum, Los Angeles, May–August 2001.
Hair in African Art and Culture. Roy Sieber and Frank Herreman. eds. New York: The Museum for African Art; Munich, London, New York: Prestel, 2000. 192 pp.     

The detection of vegetational change by multitemporal analysis of LANDSAT data: the effects of goose foraging

1 The North American mid-continent population of lesser snow geese now exceeds 3 million birds and the population is increasing in the order of 7% per annum. The foraging activities of the birds on Arctic breeding grounds are leading to loss of vegetation and habitat destruction, particularly in coastal areas bordering the Hudson and James Bays.
2 Multitemporal analysis of LANDSAT data has been carried out to detect vegetational change from 1973 to 1993 at La Pérouse Bay and its vicinity, the site of a breeding colony of snow geese.
3 Difference vegetation images (DVI) (difference between infra-red and red images) were prepared from images obtained in late summer in 1973, 1984 and 1993, in order to enhance vegetation density. Pair-wise differences were calculated between these DVI images, which resulted in three, secondary, classified images. Classification of the three secondary images (1973–84, 1984–93, 1973–93) yielded three well-defined classes: water, vegetation decline and no change in vegetation.
4 Histogram counts gave the following values for areas of vegetation decline: 1973–84, 1026 ha; 1984–93, 1428 ha; 1973–93, 2454 ha.
5 The loss of vegetation and the destruction of habitat are discussed in relation to the foraging activities of the expanding goose population.     

Sedimentary arsenite-oxidizing and arsenate-reducing bacteria associated with high arsenic groundwater from Shanyin, Northwestern China

Aims:  Shanyin County is one of the most severe endemic arsenism affected areas in China but micro-organisms that potentially release arsenic from sediments to groundwater have not been studied. Our aim was to identify bacteria with the potential to metabolize or transform arsenic in the sediments.
Methods and Results:  Culture and nonculture-based molecular methods were performed to identify arsenite-oxidizing bacteria, arsenate-reducing bacteria and arsenite oxidase genes. Arsenite-oxidizing bacteria were identified only from the land surface to 7 m underground that were affiliated to α- and β-Proteobacteria. Arsenate-reducing bacteria were found in almost all the sediment samples with different depths (0–41 m) and mainly belong to γ-Proteobacteria. Several novel arsenite oxidase genes ( aoxBs ) were identified from the upper layers of the sediments (0–7 m) and were found to be specific for arsenite-oxidizing bacteria.
Conclusions:  The distribution of arsenite-oxidizing bacteria in upper layers and arsenate-reducing bacteria in different depths of the sediments may impact the arsenic release into the nearby tubewell groundwater.
Significance and Impact of the Study:  This study provides valuable sources of micro-organisms (and genes) that may contribute to groundwater arsenic abnormality and may be useful to clean arsenic contaminated groundwater.     

Reviews

Plant Membranes: a Biophysical Approach to Structure, Development and Senescence. By Y. Y. L eshem , with additional contributions by R. L. S hewfelt , C. M. W illmer and O. P antoja .
Methods in Plant Biochemistry (Series Eds. P. M. D ey and J. B. H arborne ); Vol. 7: Terpenoids. Ed. by B. V. C harlwood and D. V. B anthorpe .
CHCD Dictionary of Natural Products on CD-ROM.
Plant Molecular Systematics. By D. J. C rawford .
Physiology – Breeding of Winter Cereals for Stressed Mediterranean Environments. (Physiologie – Sélection des céréales d'hiver en conditions méditerranéennes). Ed. by E. A cevedo , A. P. C onesa , P. M onneveux and J. P. S rivastava .
Plant Genetic Manipulation for Crop Protection. Ed. A. M. R. G atehouse , V. A. H ilder and D. B oulter .
In vitro Culture of Trees. By J. M. B onga and P. von A derkas .
Flechten als Bioindikatoren. Integriertes biologisches Meβsystem der Luftverschmutzung für das Schweizer Mittelland . By R olf H erzig and M artin U rech .
Evolution and Function of Heterostyly. Ed. by S. C. H. B arrett .
Wild Plants of Glasgow. By J. H. D ickson .     

BOOK REVIEW SECTION

Book reviews in this article:
Dillon, Lawrence S. 1981. Ultrastructure, Macromolecules and Evolution
Schwemmler, Werner & Schenk, Hainfried E. A. , eds. 1980. Endocytobiology: Endosymbiosis and Cell Biology, a Synthesis of Recent Research
Krylov, M. V. & Starobogatov, Y. I. , eds. 1980. Principles of the Construction of the Macrosystem of the Unicellular Animals
Palmer, W. J. , ed. 1981. Rapid & Automated Methods in Microbiology & Immunology: A Bibliography, 1976–1980
de Harven, E. & Nemanic, M. K. , organizers. 1981. Cell Surface Labeling
Inoki, Shozo , ed. 1981. Atlas of Protozoa
Czapik, Anna 1980. Pdostawy Protozoologii . [ Introduction to Protozoology .]
Levine, Norman D. & Ivens, Virginia 1981. The Coccidian Parasites ( Protozoa, Apicomplexa ) of Carnivores
Page, Frederick C. 1981. The Culture and Use of Free-Living Protozoa in Teaching     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
The Cattleyas and their Relatives. Vol. III. Schomburgkia, Sophronitis, and other South American Genera. Carl L. Withner. 136 pp., 85 colour photographs, numerous b/w line drawings.
'Chinese Wilson'. A Life of Ernest H. Wilson 1876–1930. Roy W. Briggs with a foreword by Roy Lancaster.
Gardens of Historic Charleston. James R. Cothran. 177 pp., numerous colour and b/w photographs, illustrations and portraits.
Science in the Pleasure Ground. A History of the Arnold Arboretum. Ida Hay. 349 pp., 20 colour photographs, numerous black and white photographs, maps and plans.     

The efficiency of an insect suction sampler in grassland

Abstract. 1. Capture efficiency was determined chiefly by insect type: Diptera 79–98%, Hymenoptera 60–83%, Homoptera 32–76%, Thysanoptera 27–62%, Acarina 12–40%.
2. Grass length also affected efficiency, but to a lesser degree.
3. Prolongation of the sampling period increased the proportions of some groups more than others.
4. Capture efficiency for any group was not affected by the number of individuals present.
5. Catch size did not vary with time of day.
6. The method was unsatisfactory for wet grass.     

REVIEWS

American Botany , 1873–1892. Decades of Transition. By A ndrew D enny R odgers III.
Flora of Illinois. By G eorge N eville J ones .
Fragmenta Papuana. [ Observations of a Naturalist in Netherlands New Guinea. ] By H. J. L am .
Root Disease Fungi . By S. D. G arrett .
Structure and Reproduction of the Algae. Vol. 11. Phaeophyceae, Rhodophyceae, Myxophyceae. By F elix E. F ritsch     

The future of cytology laboratories

1. NHSCSP Annual Review 2006. Patnick J (ed.). Sheffield, UK, NHSCSP; 2007.
2. Dowie R, Stoykova B, Crawford D. et al . Liquid-based cytology can improve efficiency of cervical smear readers: evidence from timing surveys in two NHS cytology laboratories. Cytopathology 2006; 17(2):65–72.
3. Williams AR. Liquid-based cytology and conventional smears compared over two 12-month periods. Cytopathology 2006; 17(2):82–85.
4. Gregory LS, Dudding N, Smith JHF. The impact of introducing liquid based cytology into a routine screening laboratory. Cytopathology 2006; 17(S1):24.
5. Lord Carter of Coles. Report of the Review of NHS Pathology Services in England 2006. Department of Health.
6. Kardos TF. The focal point system: focal point slide profiler and focal point GS. Cancer 2004; 102(6):334–39.
7. Biscotti CV, Dawson AE, Dziura B. et al. Assisted primary screening using the automated ThinPrep Imaging System. Am J Clin Pathol 2005; 123(2):281–87.
8. Eltoum IA, Roberson J. Impact of HPV testing, HPV vaccine development and changing screening frequency on national Pap test volume: projections from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). Cancer 2007; 111(1):34–40.
9. Kohli M, Ferko N, Martin A. et al. Estimating the long-term impact of a prophylactic human papillomavirus 16/18 vaccine on the burden of cervical cancer in the UK. Br J Cancer 2007; 96(1):143–50.
10. Franco EL, Cuzick J, Hildesheim A, de Sanjose S. Chapter 20: issues in planning cervical cancer screening in the era of HPV vaccination. Vaccine 2006; 24 (Suppl. 3):S171–S177.
11. Peto J, Gilham C, Fletcher O, Matthews FE. The cervical cancer epidemic that screening has prevented in the UK. Lancet 2004; 364(9430):249–56.     

Sex ratio and adult behaviour of the Antarctic midge Belgica antarctica (Diptera, Chironomklae)

Abstract. 1. The sex ratio in populations of the Antarctic chironomid Belgica antarctica approximates 1:1 at eclosion.
2. Male predominance in surface populations of the short-lived adult persists throughout the summer. The mean ratio, based on data from surface aggregations (austral summer 1977–78) and from sticky traps (1978–79) is about 6:1, with a steady seasonal decline from 10–20:1 to 2–5:1.
3. Males live slightly longer than females but the difference does not account for observed ratios.
4. Samples of adult populations taken from subsurface sites have sex ratios nearer to equality than surface populations.
5. It is concluded that the male-dominated surface populations are equivalent to the male swarms typical of winged Chironomidae.
6. Capture of airborne adults shows that aerial transport as well as water-surface rafting may play a role in dispersal of adults.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY. The Horse in Blackfoot Indian Culture. John C. Ewers. (Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin 159.) Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1955. xv, 358 pp., 17 plates, 33 figs. $2.75.
The Indian and the Horse. Frank Gilbert Roe. Norman, Okla.: University of Oklahoma Press, 1955. xvi, 434 pp., illus. $5.00.     

Tansley Review No. 95: 15N natural abundance in soil–plant systems

The following citations were erroneously omitted from the 'References':
Groffman PM, Zak DR, Christensen S, Mosier A, Tiedje JM. 1993. Early spring nitrogen dynamics in a temperate forest landscape. Ecology 74 : 1579–1585.
Handley LL, Brendel O, Scrimgeour CM, Schmidt S, Raven JA, Turnbull MH, Stewart GR. 1996. The ¹⁵N natural abundance patterns of field-collected fungi from three kinds of ecosystems. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 10 : 974–978.
Handley LL, Daft MJ, Wilson J, Scrimgeour CM, Ingleby K, Sattar, MA. 1993. Effects of the ecto- and VA-mycorrhizal fungi Hydnagium carneum and Glomus clarum on the δ¹⁵N and δ¹³C values of Eucalyptus globulus and Ricinus communis. Plant, Cell and Environment 16 : 375–382.
Handley LL, Odee D, Scrimgeour CM. 1994. δ¹⁵N and δ¹³C patterns in savanna vegetation: dependence on water availability and disturbance. Functional Ecology 8 : 306–314.
Handley LL, Raven JH. 1992. The use of natural abundance of nitrogen isotopes in plant physiology and ecology: commissioned review. Plant, Cell and Environment 15 : 965–985.
Handley LL, Scrimgeour CM. 1997. Terrestrial plant ecology and ¹⁵N natural abundance: the present limits to interpretation for uncultivated systems with original data from a Scottish old field. Advances in Ecological Research 27 : 133–212.
Hansen AP, Pate JS. 1987. Evaluation of the ¹⁵N natural abundance method and xylem sap analysis for assessing N₂ fixation of understorey legumes in jarrah ( Eucalyptus marginata Donn ex Sm.) forest in S.W. Australia. Journal of Experimental Botany 38 : 1446–1458.
New Phytologist apologizes unreservedly to all authors of the above papers for this error.     

Plasmid profiles of ten strains of Lactobacillus plantarum

Abstract The presence of extrachromosomal DNA elements has been investigated in 10 strains of Lactobacillus plantarum .
8 of the strains contained from 1 to 6 plasmids of different M _r values spanning from 1.35 · 10⁶ to 15.4 · 10⁶.
6 of the strains are commonly used as starter cultures in dry sausage and all these strains contained plasmids. The remaining 4 strains were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection and only 2 of these strains were found to harbour plasmids.     

REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
Forest Pathology . By J. S. Boyce.
Yearbook of Agriculture , 1937.
Physiological Genetics . By R. Goldschmidt.
The Study of Heredity . By E. B. Ford.
Tropical Fruits and Vegetables: an account of their Storage and Transport . By C. W. Wardlaw.
Erosion and Soil Conservation . By G . V. Jacks and R. O. Whyte.
Sixty Years of Botany in Britain (1875–1935). Impressions of an Eyewitness . By F. O. Bower.
Herbals: Their Origin and Evolution. A Chapter in the History of Botany , 1470–1670. By Agnes Arber.     

Physical Anthropology

Book reviewed in this article:
The Roots of Prejudice. Arnold Rose.
Racial Myths. Juan Comas.
Race and Psychology. Otto Klineberg.
Race and Culture. Michel Leiris.
Race and Biology. L. C. Dunn.
The Significance of Racial Differences. G. M. Morant.
Race and History. Claude Lévi-Strauss.     

Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
Biogeographical Evolution of the Malay Archipelago. –T. C. Whitmore.
Evolution as Entropy: Toward a Unified Theory of Biology. –D. R. Brooks and E. O. Wiley.