荒漠拟步甲科鳖甲族三种幼虫头壳色素区的观察

荒漠拟步甲科鳖甲族昆虫的幼虫具有相似的圆柱状体形,从形态上不易区别。以往对荒漠拟步甲幼虫的形态研究注重于上唇和足等部位的刚毛和小刺的特征,少有对头壳颜色的记载。通过在体视显微镜下观察室内饲养的鳖甲族昆虫(鞘翅目:拟步甲科)小胸鳖甲Microdera punctipennis Kaszab、光滑鳖甲Anatolica polita borealis Kaszab和细颈露颚甲Colposcelis microderoides microderoides Reitter的大龄幼虫,发现它们的头壳色素区呈现出不同的形状和大小,可方便地用于区分这3种幼虫。同时,测量结果显示幼虫头壳宽与前胸背板宽之比在这3种幼虫有显著差异。     

中国锦葵科15属26个分类群植物花粉形态及其系统学意义

该研究对中国锦葵科15属22种、2变种、2变型及外类群椴树科华椴的花粉形态特征进行了光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察与比较分析,其中7属9种、2变种、2变型植物的花粉为首次光学显微镜观察报道,8属10种、1变种、2变型植物的花粉为首次扫描电镜观察报道,为该科植物的科下分类阶元(族、亚族、属)的划分及其演化关系的探讨提供花粉形态学依据。结果显示：（1）中国锦葵科15属植物的花粉粒均较大,圆球形,直径约54.4~211.5 μm,表面具刺状纹饰,具散孔或孔沟;其演化趋势为从中等大小、3孔沟、具基部膨大的短尖刺的花粉向体积增大、多散孔、具基部平的长刺（有时具二型刺）的花粉演化。（2）锦葵科花粉的形态特征在科、族、亚族和属的划分上有较大的分类学意义,从花粉形态特征角度支持将锦葵科植物划分为4个族。翅果麻属和木槿族成员曾被放入木棉科中,但本研究表明翅果麻属和木槿族的花粉形态符合锦葵科的特征而与木棉科存在明显差异,因此认为宜将这2类群归于锦葵科,并将翅果麻属放到木槿族中。（3）花粉学证据支持棉族和锦葵族具较紧密的亲缘关系,锦葵族中的苘麻亚族可能是该科最原始的类群,梵天花族可能比木槿族更进化。     

基于防御腺特征的中国刺甲族属级阶元系统发育分析（鞘翅目: 拟步甲科）

基于18个代表种的防御腺特征, 探讨了中国刺甲族(Platyscelidini)4个属的分类地位和系统发育关系。通过对防御腺的着生位置、形状及其长度和宽度、腺体间距及其表面花纹和皱褶等重要特征的分析, 归纳出属级和族级的防御腺特征。利用SPSS 13.0和Hennig 86（1.5）2个软件对所选定的防御腺特征分别进行聚类分析和进化分析, 两者结果均支持刺甲族现有分类体系的稳定性, 且后者提出刺甲族4属的系统发育关系为: （Myatis +Bioramix）+（Oodescelis + Platyscelis）     

中国鳞刺蛾属订正(鳞翅目,刺蛾科)(英文)

经过系统研究,发现我国的鳞刺蛾并不是一直被称为的眼鳞刺蛾Squamosa ocellata(Moore),共有2种和1亚种.首次报道了姹鳞刺蛾S.chalcites Orhant在我国有分布,描述了1新种,短爪鳞刺蛾S.brevisunca和1新亚种,云南亚种S.brevisunca yunnanensis.本文还描述了云南亚种的茧和老熟幼虫形态,编制了分种和亚种检索表,提供了成虫彩色照片和外生殖器特征图.模式标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所国家动物博物馆.     

形宽刺甲Bioramix(Bioramix) rotundicollis(Kaszab,1940)(鞘翅目:拟步甲科:刺甲族)的再描述

2012年在西藏普兰地区采集到鞘翅目Coleoptera拟步甲科Tenebrionidae刺甲族Platyscelidini一种昆虫:形宽刺甲Bioramix(Bioramix)rotundicollis(Kaszab,1940)。鉴于原始描述过于简单,且缺少特征图和整体照片,本文对其进行了详细描述,并附有特征图和整体照片。检视标本保存于西华师范大学标本馆和俄罗斯楚瓦什国立师范大学标本馆。     

钝角宽刺甲(鞘翅目:拟步甲科:刺甲族)的重描述

钝角宽刺甲Bioramix subaenescens(Schuster,1923)的原始描述过于简单,且缺少鉴别特征图。本文根据2009年在四川省马尔康市采集的钝角宽刺甲标本,对其作了形态重描述,并给出了详细的鉴别特征图和实物标本照片。此外,还编制了宽刺甲亚属Cardiobioramix中国已知种的检索表。检视标本保存于西华师范大学标本馆(MCWNU)和俄罗斯科学院动物研究所(ZIU)。     

直蜉金龟三龄幼虫形态学研究

直蜉金龟Phaeaphodius rectus(Motschulsky)是一种常见的粪食性甲虫,广泛分布于亚洲东部地区,其幼虫粪食性,对降解牲畜粪便具有重要意义。本研究通过采集和人工饲养获得了直蜉金龟卵、幼虫和蛹,运用扫描电子显微技术,对直蜉金龟3龄幼虫进行了形态观察。直蜉金龟3龄幼虫具有一系列特殊的超微形态特征,包括:内唇前惊刺由三叉状、二叉状及独立不分叉的3种惊刺组成;端感区具有一对三瓣状感器;覆毛区钩状刚毛形态为片状。     

筛胸梳爪叩甲幼虫对不同食物源的趋向行为及头部感器电镜扫描观察

筛胸梳爪叩甲(Melanotus cribricollis)是我国南方竹林区重要的地下害虫,监测及防治相当困难。为了探索竹林金针虫搜索地下食物的机制,利用四臂嗅觉仪测定了筛胸梳爪叩甲幼虫对不同食物的行为反应,并通过扫描电镜技术观察了筛胸梳爪叩甲幼虫触角、下颚须和下唇须感器的类型、数量、形态及分布特征。结果表明:发芽的玉米、小麦种子及竹笋均能吸引到金针虫,鲜竹笋的引诱能力显著强于发芽种子和燕麦。筛胸梳爪叩甲幼虫触角上分布有刺形感器、锥形感器、钩形感器、圆盘形感器4类8种,下颚须上分布有锥形感器、腔锥形感器和坛形感器3类4种,下唇须上则分布有锥形感器、腔锥形感器、坛形感器、毛形感器、乳突形感器、凹槽形感器、哑铃形感器7类9种。这些研究结果证实了植物挥发物在金针虫觅食过程中发挥着重要作用,同时为揭示幼虫头部感器在觅食过程中的功能和作用奠定了基础。     

中国腹刺斑螟生物学和线粒体COI基因序列初步记述(鳞翅目:螟蛾科:斑螟亚科)（英文）

首次发现中国腹刺斑螟幼虫取食板栗叶片,描述了幼虫和蛹的形态特征,拍摄了幼虫和蛹的生活特征图和外形等结构特征图,初步描记了其在湖北省罗田县栗园的生活习性;对幼虫线粒体COI基因片段序列进行了提取、扩增、测序和分析,其5’端629 bp的DNA序列可以作为中国腹刺斑螟鉴定的分子标记。     

中国腹刺斑螟生物学和线粒体COI基因序列初步记述

首次发现中国腹刺斑螟幼虫取食板栗叶片,描述了幼虫和蛹的形态特征,拍摄了幼虫和蛹的生活特征图和外形等结构特征图,初步描记了其在湖北省罗田县栗园的生活习性;对幼虫线粒体COI基因片段序列进行了提取、扩增、测序和分析,其5’端629 bp的DNA序列可以作为中国腹刺斑螟鉴定的分子标记。     

A new species group in the genus Dichaetophora Duda (Diptera: Drosophilidae) based on a phylogenetic analysis, with descriptions of four new species from China

A new species group, the sinensis group, is established within the genus Dichaetophora, based on a phylogenetic analysis of 37 adult morphological characters from 26 drosophilid species, including ten known species of Dichaetophora; four newly described species (Di. abnormis, Di. hainanensis, Di. bicornis, and Di. sinensis spp. nov. from China); and some representatives of related genera (Drosophila, Hirtodrosophila, and Scaptomyza).     

我国蝌蚪的科级分类研究

2017年末,我国的两栖动物已记录3目14科466种,其中,无尾目Anura 10科386种。蝌蚪是无尾两栖类物种的幼体,具有一系列适应水生生活的形态特征和一个特别的变态过程,是无尾目的主要标志之一。我国蝌蚪的形态特征散见于各个物种的形态描述,而对蝌蚪科级分类的系统研究却阙如。本文基于蝌蚪的8个形态学分类性状,概述了我国除亚洲角蛙科Ceratobatrachidae外9个科(铃蟾科Bombinatoridae、角蟾科Megophryidae、蟾蜍科Bufonidae、雨蛙科Hylidae、蛙科Ranidae、叉舌蛙科Dicroglossidae、浮蛙科Occidozygidae、树蛙科Rhacophoridae、姬蛙科Microhylidae)的蝌蚪分类特征,系统阐述了蝌蚪科级分类特征的分类和适应意义。     

中国坚蚜属Cerataphis研究及新种记述(同翅目：蚜总科，扁蚜科)

研究了中国的坚蚜属Cerataphis Lichtenstein,并记述了一个新种寄坚蚜Cerataphis parsitica Qiao et Zhang。首次描述了该属的胚胎学特征,提供了8个形态特征图、寄主植物、地理分布以及中国坚蚜属的分种检索表。模式标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所。     

中国毁丝霉属两个新记录种

【目的】对我国西部地区土壤中嗜热毁丝霉属真菌资源进行调查。【方法】采集西部地区各省市不同环境的土壤样品,采用富集培养法,从土样中分离毁丝霉属菌株;再采用经典形态学及分子系统学方法相结合对获得的菌株进行鉴定。【结果】共从采集的样品中分离获得12株毁丝霉属菌株,其中G10菌株为异宗毁丝霉Myceliophthora heterothallica,EB6301M菌株为棉毛毁丝霉Myceliophthora vellerea,其余10株菌为嗜热毁丝霉Myceliophthora thermophila。【结论】棉毛毁丝霉和异宗毁丝霉均为我国新记录种。     

Small Mammal Investigation in Spotted Fever Focus with DNA-Barcoding and Taxonomic Implications on Rodents Species from Hainan of China

Although mammals are a well-studied group of animals, making accurate field identification of small mammals is still complex because of morphological variation across developmental stages, color variation of pelages, and often damaged osteological and dental characteristics. In 2008, small mammals were collected for an epidemiological study of a spotted fever outbreak in Hainan, China. Ten species of small mammals were identified by morphological characters in the field, most using pelage color characters only. The study is extended here, in order to assess whether DNA barcoding would be suitable as an identification tool in these small mammals. Barcode clusters showed some incongruence with morphospecies, especially for some species of Rattus and Niviventer, so molecular delineation was carried out with an expanded dataset of combined cytochrome b (Cyt-b) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences. COI sequences were successfully amplified from 83% of collected mammals, but failed in all specimens of Suncus murinus, which were thus excluded in DNA barcoding analysis. Of note, ten molecular taxonomic units were found from samples of nine morphologically identified species. Accordingly, 11 species of small mammals were present in the investigated areas, including four Rattus species, three Niviventer species, Callosciurus erythraeus, Neohylomys hainanensis, Tupaia belangeri, and Suncus murinus. Based on the results of the phylogenetic and molecular delineation analyses, the systematic status of some rodent species should be redefined. R. rattus hainanicus and R. rattus sladeni are synonyms of R. andamanensis. R. losea from China and Southeast Asia comprises two independent species: R. losea and R. sakeratensis. Finally, the taxonomic status of three putative species of Niviventer should be further confirmed according to morphological, molecular and ecological characters.     

A revision of the genus Lomaantha, with the description of a new species

Lomaantha phragmitis sp. nov. is described and illustrated from a specimen collected on dead culms of Phragmites communis in southern China. The fungus differs from other described Lomaantha species in its conidiophores, conidiogenous cells and conidial appendages. Conidial morphology and presence or absence of percurrent proliferation of conidiogenous cells are the main characters distinguishing species within this genus. We provided a key and synoptic table of morphological characters of all three Lomaantha species.     

果皮和种皮微形态特征在杜鹃花属系统学研究中的应用

采用扫描电子显微镜对国产杜鹃花属Rhododendron6个亚属的代表种和近缘类群杜香属Ledum杜香L.palustre的果皮和种皮微形态特征进行观察,对杜鹃花属植物果皮微形态特征进行了系统描述,并通过比较现存杜鹃花属植物和种子化石,新发现一些居间的种子类型。结果表明,果皮和种皮微形态特征具有一定的系统学意义。叶状苞亚属subgen.Therorhodion的叶状苞杜鹃R.redowskianum的果实有短而疏的刺毛,无气孔,种子为无翅类,扁平,外围轮廓长椭圆形。杜鹃亚属subgen.Rhododendron植物果皮为百合花杜鹃型,具有鳞片,气孔器散生于指状突起之间,与叶表皮的微形态特征一致,其种子为百合花杜鹃型,表面具宽而浅的沟,呈脑纹状,有别于无鳞类杜鹃花。常绿杜鹃亚属subgen.Hymenanthes果皮为云锦杜鹃型,其角质层表面不规则,无表皮毛,偶见气孔;种子为云锦杜鹃型。映山红亚属subgen.Tsutsusi果皮为岭南杜鹃型,密生长表皮毛,角质层致密;种子为南边杜鹃型和岭南杜鹃型。微形态特征与“常绿杜鹃亚属和(国产)映山红亚属均为内部支持率很高的单系类群”的分子系统发育研究结果一致。马银花亚属subgen.Azaleastrum的马银花组sect.Azaleastrum和长蕊杜鹃组sect.Choniastrum微形态区别明显,支持各自为独立的单系类群。羊踯躅亚属subgen.Pentanthera的羊踯躅R.molle果皮特征明显,可与其他亚属区分,但种子类型更接近常绿杜鹃亚属。本研究结合分子系统发育资料和叶表皮微形态特征讨论了一些近缘类群的系统发育关系;研究结果支持将腺萼马银花处理为独立的种。     

Middle Miocene Cephalotaxus (Taxaceae) from Yunnan,Southwest China,and its implications to taxonomy and evolution of the genus

The infrageneric taxonomy of the genus Cephalotaxus Siebold et Zuccarini ex Endlicher (Taxaceae) is controversial as morphological characters have been doubted to change coherently among species. Although the epidermal features are considered as important characters in the taxonomy of conifers, they have not been systematically studied in this genus. Neogene foliage shoots with well-preserved epidermal structure not only can provide systematic links to the extant species, but also have implications for the taxonomical definition of the extant species by their epidermal features. In this paper, the morphologies of leafy shoots combining epidermal structure of a Neogene Cephalotaxus, which was collected from the middle Miocene of Southwest China, and ten extant species (variants) were studied. Morphology as well as epidermal structures was compared among species (variants) in Cephalotaxus. Based on the comparisons, the taxonomical definition of extant species in genus Cephalotaxus are discussed. Our results indicate that leaf morphological characters in combination with the features of epidermal structure can distinguish species in genus Cephalotaxus. The fossil foliage shoots from the middle Miocene of Southwest China were assigned to a new species, C. maguanensis n. sp., which shows close affinities to the extant C. hainanensis. On the basis of leaf and epidermal information, we suggest there are seven extant species in Cephalotaxus. With global cooling and the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau since the middle Miocene, the cooling climate induced the differentiation and southward expansions of C. maguanensis, and its extant offspring, C. hainanensis, is distributed to Hainan Island and the Indo-Chinese peninsula.     

中国产瘤蕨属植物的孢子形态研究及其分类学意义

本文对5种中国产瘤蕨属植物的孢子形态的进行了光镜和扫描电镜的观察,其中2种的扫描电镜观察是首次报道,对形态特征和分类学意义进行了讨论,阔鳞瘤蕨与瘤蕨孢子表面纹饰的明显区别为新种阔鳞瘤蕨的成立提供了有力证据。     

国剑角蝗科部分属种雌性下生殖板的形态及演化（直翅目：蝗总科）

从20世纪60年代至今的一些研究已基本肯定了蝗虫雌性下生殖板的分类价值。本文选择了中国剑角蝗科6属10种蝗虫对其雌性下生殖板进行了形态学和演化分析。结果表明雌性下生殖板的形态在研究的6属内都是稳定的,属间差异明显。这6个属的系统发育关系为：（卡蝗属（（佛蝗属,戛蝗属）,（菊蝗属（蝗属,剑角蝗属））））,这一结果和形态分类是一致的,支持长腹蝗亚科从剑角蝗科分开。文中还分析了剑角蝗科雌性下生殖板各性状的演化方向。