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三种食物喂养的黑水虻幼虫营养测定与比较 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
黑水虻幼虫在国内外被普遍用于处理有机废弃物,得到的黑水虻幼虫由于富含蛋白质又可用于畜禽养殖,或用于提取油脂、蛋白及甲壳素等物质.本文利用云南省昆明市宜良县汤池镇当地较多的有机废弃物(豆腐渣、鸡粪及发酵鸡粪)饲养黑水虻幼虫,15d后,对三种幼虫进行营养测定,并比较不同食物饲养幼虫营养成分的差异,可根据测定结果对不同用途幼虫选择较合适的饲养物质.结果表明豆腐渣饲养幼虫的蛋白(52.3%)、油脂(22.6%)及氨基酸(36.80%)含量均高于两种鸡粪饲养的幼虫(蛋白含量为46.9%及45.9%、油脂为5.13%及4.30%、氨基酸为23.51%及28.48%),灰分(9.89%)含量低于这两种鸡粪饲养的幼虫(23.2%及19.6%);两种鸡粪饲养的黑水虻幼虫中锌、铜及铅等部分金属元素含量较高.三种食物饲养的黑水虻幼虫营养成分存在一定差异,其中豆腐渣饲养的黑水虻幼虫营养较为丰富,且重金属含量较低,更适合用于畜禽养殖. 相似文献
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黑水虻幼虫和预蛹的饲料价值研究进展 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
黑水虻Hermetia illucens L.是一种全世界广泛分布的资源昆虫,幼虫在自然界以动物粪便、腐烂的有机物,如腐肉、腐烂的水果、蔬菜和植物性垃圾为食,能够被用于畜禽粪便的无害化处理。黑水虻幼虫在将粪便转化成昆虫生物量的同时,减少了粪便的污染。利用畜禽粪便饲养的黑水虻幼虫干重达到42%~43%,其中粗蛋白含量占干重的42%~44%,脂肪含量占干重的31%~35%,灰份占干重的11%~15%,钙质占干重的4.8%~5.1%,磷占干重的0.60%~0.63%。使用粪便饲养的幼虫和预蛹,含有丰富的必需氨基酸和矿物质,是家禽、家畜和鱼类养殖的良好饲料来源。文章综述利用不同动物粪便饲养的黑水虻幼虫和预蛹的饲料价值及其幼虫和预蛹用于鸡、猪和鱼类饲料添加剂的研究进展。 相似文献
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以获得黑水虻Hermetia illucens转化有机废弃物的养殖投喂工艺参数为目标,采用实验室小试模拟试验,以餐厨垃圾为试验原料,研究不同投料方式(1次、2次、3次和4次投料)对黑水虻转化餐厨垃圾过程中幼虫生长性能的影响。结果表明,采用多次投料方式,随着投料次数增加,对转化物料料温波动影响较大,不利于幼虫快速生长;在投虫量和投料量相同条件下,养殖周期为10 d,其中以1次投料处理组的收虫体重、体长、单位面积虫产量为最高,料虫比为最低,与2次投料差异不显著(P>0.05),但与3次、4次投料处理组差异显著(P<0.05);黑水虻转化废弃物前期较低的物料含水率更加有利于虫体生长,而后期物料含水率较高则更为有利。通过生产性能分析发现,从投料回报效果角度考虑生产性能以1次投料为最佳,而从高效率处理餐厨垃圾和投料回报效果两者角度综合分析,生产性能以2次投料为最佳。该结果可为构建黑水虻转化餐厨垃圾标准化生产工艺参数技术体系奠定基础。 相似文献
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【目的】旨在明确黑水虻Hermetia illucens幼虫的耐饥力及饥饿幼虫复食后的发育、生殖力等生物学特性,为评估饥饿对黑水虻后续发育的影响并指导生产实践提供依据。【方法】将不同日龄或不同体重黑水虻幼虫进行不同时长的饥饿处理,测定和分析其耐饥力与日龄、百头重的关系;对7日龄幼虫进行不同时长的饥饿处理后再复喂,测定不同饥饿时长对其预蛹出现时间、总预蛹率、预蛹重、成虫繁殖等的影响。【结果】黑水虻幼虫饥饿后的半数致死时间(LT50)与日龄成指数关系,与体重呈线性相关。7日龄幼虫的耐饥力较强,LT50超过了50 d,饥饿30 d时存活率仍然达到了95%。百头重小于0.5 g的个体,其LT50小于30 d;百头重在2~2.5 g的个体,其LT50在45~70 d。幼虫超过8日龄时或百头重超过4.5 g时,多数个体在饥饿5 d时就提前进入了后续发育阶段。7日龄幼虫饥饿40 d内复食,其预蛹率未受到影响,但预蛹重显著增加;短期饥饿(0~10 d)对其成虫产卵量无显著影响,长期饥饿(30~40 d)使其成虫产卵量显著下降;饥饿长达30 d以上时,卵孵化率也显著降低。【结论】本研究明确了不同体重或不同日龄的黑水虻幼虫都具有一定的耐饥力;饥饿幼虫复食后预蛹重显著增加。 相似文献
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黑水虻Hermetia illucens(L.)是一种重要的资源昆虫。本文旨在筛选出适合黑水虻血细胞观察的染色方法,明确黑水虻血细胞类型、数量及组成,为黑水虻血细胞免疫研究奠定基础。采用Giemsa和Giemsa-Wright's染色方法和血球计数板法,对黑水虻血细胞染色方法和血细胞数量及形态进行研究。结果表明,甲醇固定4 min,Giemsa-Wright's染液染色9 min、pH 7.2磷酸盐缓冲液分色10 min是黑水虻幼虫血细胞最佳染色方法;黑水虻幼虫血细胞包括原血细胞、浆血细胞、粒血细胞、类绛血细胞、珠血细胞5类;4龄黑水虻幼虫血细胞数量大约为2917个/μL,其中浆血细胞占53.20%±2.78%,粒血细胞占37.49%±3.96%,原血细胞占7.97%±1.51%,类绛血细胞占1.02%±0.24%,珠血细胞占0.62%±0.08%。Giemsa-Wright's染色法为黑水虻幼虫血细胞最佳染色方法,黑水虻幼虫血细胞可分为5类10种。 相似文献
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我国水产养殖业近年来发展迅速,同时也增加了大量水产废弃物,小龙虾Procambarus clarkii废弃物就是其中之一。黑水虻Hermetia illucens能将有机废弃物转化成高附加值的昆虫蛋白,因此,本研究将小龙虾废弃物与蛋白含量较高的豆腐渣混合,设计6个不同混合比例的饲料,筛选出高转化率和高性价比的饲料配方,分析饲料中营养物质降解情况和预蛹的营养成分。结果表明:小龙虾废弃物与豆腐渣按照4∶1混合,黑水虻存活率较高(93.42%±2.65%),幼虫产量最高(44.27±1.30 g),料重比最低(2.26±0.07),预蛹粗蛋白含量可达43.93%±0.49%;饲料残渣中的粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量比原饲料均有降低,其中粗脂肪降幅最大,说明黑水虻对脂肪利用率很高。综合评价认为小龙虾废弃物与豆腐渣4∶1混合为本实验范围内最佳饲料配方,本研究为进一步利用黑水虻处理小龙虾废弃物奠定了基础。 相似文献
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为了探究黑水虻Hermetia illucens幼虫蛋白及酶解产物的抗氧化活性,以鲜活黑水虻幼虫冻虫为原料,采用碱提酸沉法提取黑水虻蛋白,通过碱性蛋白酶、菠萝蛋白酶、风味蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶对其蛋白质溶液进行酶解,分别从2,2′-联氮-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸(ABTS)自由基、羟自由基、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基3个方面对黑水虻蛋白及其酶解液的抗氧化能力进行测定。结果表明:黑水虻幼虫蛋白及4种酶解后的蛋白肽具有较好的抗氧化活性,其中黑水虻幼虫蛋白对ABTS自由基、羟自由基、DPPH自由基的半抑制浓度(IC50)分别为2.91、0.232、0.764 mg/mL,而酶解过后的蛋白肽具有更强的抗氧化活性,对ABTS自由基、羟自由基、DPPH自由基的最低半抑制浓度(IC50)分别为0.295、0.082、0.354 mg/mL。本研究初步证明了酶解制备抗氧化肽的可行性,为昆虫蛋白资源的利用和无抗饲料的研制提供了新的研究思路。 相似文献
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《环境昆虫学报》2014,(4):561-564
本文研究了黑水虻Hermetia illucens幼虫取食花生麸的发育速率及其食物转化率。仔细考察了黑水虻卵孵化后,其幼虫平均体重的增长情况,结果显示,黑水虻在实验条件下(T=30℃,RH=60%),幼虫发育的参考周期为20 d,其中最初5 d体重增长9433倍,从第6 d至第10 d体重增长7倍,最后10 d体重增长095倍,从初孵幼虫到老熟幼虫体重增长148667倍,发育期内的体重增长趋势类似于逻辑斯谛曲线,而第5 天(W=143 g/百头虫)与第10 天(W=1145g/百头虫)则为逻辑斯谛曲线的两个拐点。食物转化率测定结果表明,黑水虻幼虫取食花生麸的转化率为2888%。 相似文献
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Shaphan Y. Chia Chrysantus M. Tanga Isaac M. Osuga Xavier Cheseto Sunday Ekesi Marcel Dicke Joop J.A. van Loon 《Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata》2020,168(6-7):472-481
Black soldier fly (BSF) larvae, Hermetia illucens L. (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), bio-convert organic side streams into high-quality biomass, the composition of which largely depends on the side stream used. In the present study, BSF larvae were reared on feed substrates composed of dried brewers’ spent grains, each supplemented with either water, waste brewer’s yeast, or a mixture of waste brewer’s yeast and cane molasses to obtain 12 different substrates: barley/water, barley/yeast, barley/yeast/molasses, malted barley/water, malted barley/yeast, malted barley/yeast/molasses, malted corn/water, malted corn/yeast, malted corn/yeast/molasses, sorghum-barley/water, sorghum-barley/yeast, and sorghum-barley/yeast/molasses. The crude protein, fat, ash, and mineral contents of the BSF larvae fed each feed substrate were quantified by chemical analyses. The effect of substrate, supplementation, and their interaction on crude protein, fat, and ash contents of BSF larval body composition was significant. Calcium, phosphorus, and potassium were the most abundant macrominerals in the larvae and their concentrations differed significantly among substrates. These findings provide important information to support the use of BSF larval meal as potential new source of nutrient-rich and sustainable animal feed ingredients to substitute expensive and scarce protein sources such as fishmeal and soya bean meal. 相似文献
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Maggots have become highly successful in the treatment of non‐healing wounds and multidrug‐resistant pathogen infections. The main objective of this study was to extract antibacterial substances from larvae of the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens. To induce immune responses, we septically injured the larvae with a contaminated needle. Lyophilized H. illucens larvae were homogenized and extracted with acidic methanol. We examined the antifungal and antibacterial effects of the low molecular weight antimicrobial factors within the larval extract on the growth of a broad range of microorganisms, including Gram‐positive Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and Gram‐negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Furthermore, we isolated the anti‐MRSA substances from the larval extract using high performance liquid chromatography. These investigations revealed that the larval extract possessed a broad‐spectrum of antibacterial activity, demonstrating that secretions of H. illucens larvae prove useful in the fight against MRSA and can potentially be a source of novel antibiotic‐like compounds for infection control. 相似文献
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从野外收集和室内饲养的黑水虻Hermetia illucens L.幼虫体表和肠道分离出同时具蛋白质和有机磷分解能力的细菌10株,其中编号为T2、T4、T6、T7和T8的菌株分离自体表,编号为S14、S15、S16、S19和S20的菌株分离自肠道。克隆细菌的16S rDNA和DNA促旋酶B亚基编码基因gyrB对10株细菌进行了鉴定。通过16S rDNA序列确定10株菌为芽孢杆菌属,根据gyrB基因以及BLAST结果构建系统发育树,将10株细菌鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌。然后将10株菌的gyrB基因以B.subtilis subsp.subtilisstr.168和模式菌株B.subtilis subsp.subtilis BCRC10255相应基因序列为参照构建系统发育树,分析10株菌在种的水平上的亲缘关系,发现10株菌存在亲缘关系差异,没有重复菌株。 相似文献
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Zongqing Kou Xingyu Luo Yuguo Jiang Bihui Chen Yu Song Yaohui Wang Jun Xu Jeffery K. Tomberlin Yongping Huang 《Insect Science》2023,30(4):888-900
The black soldier fly (BSF), Hermetia illucens, is a promising insect for mitigating solid waste problems as its larvae are able to bioconvert organic waste into valuable biomass. We recently reported a high-quality genome assembly of the BSF; analysis of this genome sequence will further the understanding of insect biology and identify genes that can be manipulated to improve efficiency of bioconversion. To enable genetic manipulation of the BSF, we have established the first transgenic methods for this economically important insect. We cloned and identified the ubiquitous actin5C promoter (Hiactin5C-p3k) and 3 endogenous U6 promoters (HiU6:1, HiU6:2, and HiU6:3). The Hiactin5C promoter was used to drive expression of a hyperactive variant of the piggyBac transposase, which exhibited up to 6-fold improvement in transformation rate when compared to the wild-type transposase. Furthermore, we evaluated the 3 HiU6 promoters using this transgenic system. HiU6:1 and HiU6:2 promoters provided the highest knockdown efficiency with RNAi and are thus promising candidates for future Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) development. Overall, our findings provide valuable genetic engineering toolkits for basic research and genetic manipulation of the BSF. 相似文献
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虻粪二次堆肥生化特性的动态变化趋势及其微生物演替规律 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
[目的] 通过培养试验动态观察了虻粪在后续二次堆肥过程中生化特性的动态变化趋势,研究了堆体微生物生态的动态演替规律,讨论了虻粪二次堆肥的稳定化机理。[方法] 采取盛有虻粪的圆桶埋入大条垛发酵堆体的动态培养试验,在为期49 d的测试期内间隔7 d动态采样,采用16S rRNA高通量测序开展虻粪堆体样品的微生物多样性与群落结构分析以及代谢功能预测。[结果] 虻粪堆体经历2周快速升温至68.7℃后,逐步降温至第49天的37.7℃,总有机碳、溶解性有机质(DOM)、pH分别达到67.3%、18.4 g/kg、8.0。在堆体熟腐过程中,Shannon指数、Simpson指数和Chao1指数等微生物多样性水平均随堆肥进程而快速增加,而后缓慢下降至结束时的7.45、0.98和985。16S rRNA测序发现,Bacteroidetes(拟杆菌门)、Firmicutes(厚壁菌门)、Proteobacteria(变形菌门)与Actinobacteria(放线菌门)等是堆体微生物群落的主要菌群。与此同时,Corynebacteriaceae(棒状杆菌科)从初始的35.7%下降至结束时的6.5%,Flavobacteriaceae(黄杆菌科)则从3.22%逐步增长至12.6%,Porphyromonadaceae(单胞菌科)快速增加至11.5%之后缓慢下降至与初始水平相当的5.1%。PICRUSt预测发现,在整个虻粪堆肥过程中,氨基糖和核苷酸糖代谢、碳固定通路、甲烷代谢等功能平均相对丰度保持较强水平,且均在堆肥中期(第15–35天)出现峰值,后续均呈现下降态势。脂肪代谢、不饱和脂肪酸生物合成代谢、多环芳烃降解以及硫代谢等平均相对丰度较弱的代谢功能呈现先降后升的特征。[结论] 虻粪二次堆肥过程中,物料含水量与DOM快速下降、有机质降解逐步完成以及物料微生物结构与功能趋于稳定等,堆制腐熟后的虻粪生化性质稳定,有利于虻粪有机肥农田再利用。 相似文献
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本文比较了不同发育阶段黑水虻Hermetia illucens消化道的形态学差异,掌握了幼虫消化系统的组织学特征。利用体视镜观察黑水虻5龄幼虫、预蛹及成虫的消化道形态,利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察幼虫消化道各段(前肠、中肠、后肠)的显微及超微结构。结果表明:黑水虻幼虫及预蛹的消化道均由前肠(食道和前胃)、中肠及后肠组成,从幼虫到成虫,消化道的长度不断缩短。与幼虫和预蛹相比,成虫消化道形态变化明显,前胃消失,出现了嗉囊及胃盲囊,中肠进一步缩短,后肠分化为回肠、结肠和直肠。组织学观察结果显示,幼虫的唾液腺开口于口腔,由膨大的管状腺体和腺管组成。食道由特化为角质刺突的内膜层及发达的肌层组成,其末端延伸至前胃。前胃膨大为球状,包括三层组织结构。根据上皮细胞形态的差异,中肠可分为四个区段。后肠薄,肠腔内褶丰富,肠壁可见数量较多的杆状细菌。马氏管开口于中、后肠交界处,包括4支盲管,管内壁密布微绒毛。黑水虻消化道形态随发育阶段的变化,反映了各阶段摄食及消化生理的差异。幼虫消化道各段具有各自典型的组织学特征,其前、中、后肠可能分别承担了食物接纳与初步消化、消化与吸收以及重吸收功能。本研究结果为进一步了... 相似文献
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《Journal of Asia》2022,25(4):101994
Black soldier fly (BSF) larvae derived ingredients are being considered as sustainable alternatives to conventional animal derived ingredients in pet food formulations. In Europe, legislations permit the use of BSF fat in pet food formulations. However, BSF fat has received very little attention from pet food producers till now. This article examines literature regarding fatty acid profile and some minor components reported in BSF fat. Literature on digestibility, antimicrobial activity, intestinal immunity, and brain health improvement potential has also been carefully reviewed. Finally, some examples of pet food brands using BSF fat commercially were mentioned, and compilation of consumer review scores from popular review websites have also been illustrated. Literature reviewed in this article indicate that BSF fat is highly digestible and has interesting health benefits, thus supporting its use as functional pet food ingredient. This article also identifies the knowledge gap in the current literature. It is essential to fill this knowledge gap to facilitate the wider use of BSF fat in canine and feline diets. 相似文献