杜茎山属植物的三萜皂苷及其生物活性

综述了紫金牛科杜茎山属植物的三萜皂苷类化学成分及其生物活性;为植物的系统分类提供化学依据,并为全面评价该属植物的药用价值提供参考.     

浙江省2种新记录植物

报道了2种浙江新记录植物,紫金牛科的软弱杜茎山(Maesa tenera Mez)和茜草科的山东丰花草(Borreria shandongensis F.Z.Li et X.D.Chen.).     

山莓的组织培养及快速繁殖

1植物名称山莓(Rubus corchorifolius). 2材料类别带芽茎段. 3培养条件(1)诱导侧芽萌动及不定芽分化培养基:MS 6-BA 1.0 mg·L-1(单位下同);(2)继代增殖培养基:MS IBA 0.1 6-BA 1.2;(3)生根培养基:1/2MS IBA 0.8.以上培养基均含3%蔗糖、0.7%琼脂,pH 5.8～6.2.培养温度为26～27℃,光照度1 400～1 600 lx,光照时间12h·d-1.     

独龙杜英(杜英科)订正

把独龙杜英（ＥｌａｅｏｃａｒｐｕｓｄｕｌｏｎｇｅｎｓｉｓＨ．Ｌｉ,ｉｎＦ１．Ｄｕｌｏｎｇｊ．Ｒｅｇ．１１７．１９９３,ｎｏｍ．ｎｕｄ．）的主模式（Ｈｏｌｏｔｙｐｅ）独龙江考察队１４２４号处理为灰木科或山矾科（Ｓｙｍｐｌｏｃａｃｅａｅ）的木核山矾（ＳｙｍｐｌｏｃｏｓｘｙｌｏｐｙｒｅｎａＣ．Ｙ．ＷｕｅｘＹ．Ｆ．Ｗｕ）的异名;同时也把该新种的另一号同举模式（Ｐａｒａｔｙｐｅ）独龙江考察队３０９９号处理为尖叶桂樱（Ｌａｕｒｏｃｅｒａｓｕｓｕｎｄｕｌａｔａ（Ｄ．Ｄｏｎ）Ｒｏｅｍ,Ｒｏｓａｃｅａｅ）（蔷薇科）的异名。     

杜香植物资源开发利用的基础研究——Ⅱ.杜香油抗真菌及细菌作用的实验研究

杜香(Ledum palustre,L.Vat)系杜鹃花科杜香属植物。在I报导中我们报导了从其茎叶中提取挥发油(杜香油)的化学成份。本文对杜香油抗20种真菌和8种细菌进行了研究,结果表明,杜香油对本实验中多种真菌和细菌具有广谱的抗菌作用。     

景东山橙茎皮中的喹啉山橙碱

景东山橙茎皮中的喹啉山橙碱李朝明,郑惠兰,吴曙光,孙汉董（中国科学院昆明植物研究所植物化学开放研究实验室,昆明６５０２０４）（中国科学院昆明植物研究所西双版纳热带植物园,云南勐腊６６６３０３）关键词夹竹桃科,景东山橙,喹啉山橙碱ＱＵＩＮＯＬＩＮＩＣＭ...     

中国杜英属小记

基于4～5室的子房和果实,以及不同的嫩枝、叶、花被等特征,光叶球果杜英是一个明显区别于园果杜英的种。报道了黑腺杜英在广西的首次记录。     

山嵛菜离体培养与快速繁殖研究

山嵛菜是一种重要的经济植物,用于医药、食品加工等领域。取山嵛菜带腋芽茎段作为外植体进行组织培养,利用长出的新芽直接诱导生成丛生芽。结果表明:MS+BA2.0mg/L+NAA0.05mg/L为最佳的丛生芽诱导和增殖培养基;生根较适宜的培养基为1/2MS+NAA0.05mg/L。     

低温胁迫对不同物候期细叶杜香的生理影响

对4℃低温胁迫下,不同物候期细叶杜香(Ledum palustre L.subsp.decumdens)的可溶性蛋白质含量、可溶性糖含量、脯氨酸含量和水分含量进行了研究。结果表明,不同物候期的细叶杜香对低温胁迫的适应机制不相同。萌发期细叶杜香抗逆性强,可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量在低温胁迫过程中上升且维持在一个较高的水平;生殖期和营养期细叶杜香抗逆性较弱,三者含量在低温胁迫过程中先下降,低温适应机制形成后逐渐升高。三个物候期的细叶杜香含水量维持在恒定水平,束缚水(Wd)含量升高。     

福建省木本植物上的拟茎点霉新种

报道了采自福建省木本植物枝上的6个拟茎点霉 Phomopsis 新种: 阳桃拟茎点霉 Ph. averrhoae、胡颓子生拟茎点霉 Ph. elaeagnicola、光叶子花拟茎点霉 Ph. glabrae、枫香拟茎点霉 Ph. liquidambaris、含笑拟茎点霉 Ph. micheliae 和叶下珠生拟茎点霉Ph. phyllanthicola。对新种与近似种在形态上的差异进行了讨论。新种附有拉丁文描述及显微结构图。模式标本保存于华南农业大学真菌标本室(SCHM)。     

Comparative floral ontogeny of Maesa (Maesaceae), Aegiceras (Myrsinaceae) and Embelia (Myrsinaceae): taxonomic and phylogenetic implications

The comparative floral ontogeny of five species belonging to the primuloid clade of the Ericales are investigated, viz. Maesa japonica, M. perlarius, Aegiceras corniculatum, Embelia laeta and E. ribes. All five species basically show 2/5-spiral phyllotaxis of the sepal primordia, although with some minor modification (particularly in Embelia, where the flowers are predominantly tetramerous). The phyllotaxis of the common petal-stamen primordia is also 2/5-spiral in the Maesa and Aegiceras species investigated, but appears to be unidirectional in Embelia. All five species develop common petal-stamen primordia in which the resultant petal primordia are larger than the stamen primordia, and in which the stamens develop proximally on the adaxial flank of the common primordia. Growth of the placenta in Maesa and Aegiceras partially embeds the ovules, but in Embelia the ovules are almost fully immersed in placental tissue at maturity. A comprehensive review of all previously published studies of floral ontogeny of primuloid genera is presented, and the phylogenetic significance of the variation between genera is evaluated with reference to recently published cladograms.     

Notulae de Elatostemate (Urticaceae) Sinensi

In the present paper two series, 11 species and three varieties of the genus Elatostema are described as new from China and one variety is elevated to specific rank. Four species and one variety are reported from Medog, Xizang Autonomous Region, for the first time.     

Intermediate spin protoporhyrin(IX) iron(III) complexes

‘Intermediate’ spin iron(III) has been identified, using Mössbauer spectroscopy, in materials containing protoporphyrin(IX) iron(III). These materials were all precipitated from acid pH in the presence of a variety of ligands. The implications of the results are discussed both in comparison to other known ‘intermediate’ spin porphyrins and for their relevance to haem proteins.     

Behavioral responses of Schistocerca americana (Orthoptera: Acrididae) to Azadirex (neem)-treated host plants

Azadirex (azadirachtin and other biologically active extracts from neem trees) has been shown to have considerable potential to be used in integrated pest management systems based on its growth regulator/insecticide properties. Less well known are the antifeedant properties. The feeding-deterrent properties of a commercial azadirex formulation (Azatrol EC) were evaluated using both no-choice and choice tests, the American grasshopper, Schistocerca americana (Drury), and four host plants [savoy cabbage, Brassica oleracea variety capitata L.; cos (romaine) lettuce, Lactuca sativa variety longifolia Lam.; sweet orange, Citrus sinensis variety Hamlin L.; and peregrina, Jatropha integerrima Jacq.]. These studies demonstrated that azadirex application can significantly affect the feeding behavior of grasshoppers. Some degree of protection can be afforded to plants that differ markedly in their innate attractiveness to the insect, although the level of protection varies among hosts. The tendency of grasshoppers to sometimes feed on azadirex-treated foliage suggests that it will be difficult to prevent damage from occurring at all times, on all hosts. No evidence of rapid habituation to azadirex was detected. Rapid loss of efficacy was observed under field conditions, suggesting that daily retreatment might be necessary to maintain protection of plants from feeding.     

Fragile site (16) (q22)

Summary The rare autosomal fragile site, fra (16)(q22), is the most common of all rare autosomal fragile sites and has a heterozygote frequency of about 5%. Evidence for it was found following the segregation expected from a simple codominant trait with complete penetrance; this is in contrast to a variety of other rare autosomal fragile sites. Based on the analysis of 12 families in which fra (16)(q22) is segregating, we found that, whereas complete penetrance could be confirmed, the transmitting parent was significantly more likely to be of the female sex. On the other hand, there was no evidence for preferential transmission to offspring of either sex.     

Assembly of GABA(A) receptors (Review)

GABA(A) receptors are the major inhibitory transmitter receptors in the central nervous system. They are chloride ion channels that can be opened by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and are the targets of action of a variety of pharmacologically and clinically important drugs. GABA(A) receptors are composed of five subunits that can belong to different subunit classes. The existence of 19 different subunits gives rise to the formation of a large variety of distinct GABA(A) receptor subtypes in the brain. The majority of GABA(A) receptors seems to be composed of two alpha, two beta and one gamma subunit and the occurrence of a defined subunit stoichiometry and arrangement in alphabetagamma receptors strongly indicates that assembly of GABA(A) receptors proceeds via defined pathways. Based on the differential ability of subunits to interact with each other, a variety of studies have been performed to identify amino acid sequences or residues important for assembly. Such residues might be involved in direct protein-protein interactions, or in stabilizing direct contact sites in other regions of the subunit. Several homo-oligomeric or hetero-oligomeric assembly intermediates could be the starting point of GABA(A) receptor assembly but so far no unequivocal assembly mechanism has been identified. Possible mechanisms of assembly of GABA(A) receptors are discussed in the light of recent publications.