安徽羽叶报春花

1992年3月,我们去鄂南野外采集,在通山县三界乡金村咀头二组的山谷路边渗水的沼泽处,看到生长着一片开淡红色花的报春花,当时我们采集了标本和种苗。回园后鉴定为安徽羽叶报春(Primula merrilliana Schlter)。后又将标本寄给华南植物研究所的胡启明先生鉴     

木里报春一新异名

将新近发表的Primula hongshanensis D. W. H. Rankin, Z. D. Fang &; H. Sun处理为木里报春P. boreiocalliantha的异名, 对近缘的几个种列出了检索表。     

皖南奇葩—安徽羽叶报春

报春花科植物安徽羽叶报春(Primula merrilliana)是安徽特有种。1910年3月15日,我国 植物学界老前辈钟观光先生在皖南太平县(现改为黄山区)郭村乡首次采集到该种植物标本; 1924年由德国植物学家施莱谢尔(F.R.R.Schlechter)定名发表。山回路转,90年过去了,由于生存环境日益遭到破坏,安徽羽叶报春的分布范围越来越窄,种群数量日渐减少,现已被列为安徽省重点保护野生植物,并作为珍稀濒危物种被将要出版的《中国植物红皮书》第二卷收载。据调查,目前该种仅在黄山桃花峰,黄山区的谭家桥镇、郭村乡、贤村乡,石台县六都乡,宁国市板桥…     

安徽农业大学

园艺学园艺学学科为我校传统优势学科,具有一级学科博士点和3个二级学科博士学位授权点(茶学、蔬菜学、果树学),1个园艺学博士后科硏流动站。茶学为国家重点学科(培育)、安徽省首批特聘教授设岗学科,省部共建茶树生物学与资源利用国     

一种报春花的新命名

由于种加词相重,陈封怀、胡启明(1990)发表的新种Pimula exscapa Chen et C.M.Hu(holotype,S.G.Xu 3568 KUN)应是Primula exscapa Hegetschw.,FL Schw.195.1838的晚出同名,应给予重新命名.     

云南报春花属（报春花科）——新变种―长萼铁梗报春

报道了云南报春花属一新变种,即长萼铁梗报春Primula sinolisteri Balf. f. var. longicalyx D. W. Xue & C. Q. Zhang。新变种与原变种的不同之处在于：花冠喉部具环状附属物,外面无毛,花萼与冠筒近等长,长7-10 mm。     

Farinose fiavonoids are associated with high freezing tolerance in fairy primrose (Primula malacoides) plants

The deposition of surface(farinose)fiavonoids on aerial parts of some Primula species is a well-documented but poorly understood phenomenon.Here,we show thatfiavonoid deposition on the leaves and winter buds may contribute strongly to preventing freezing damage in these plants.The ice nucleation temperature of fairy primrose(Primula malacoides)leaves covered with naturalfiavone was approximately 6°C lower compared to those that had theirfiavone artificially removed.Additionally,farinosefiavonoids on the leaves reduced subsequent electrolyte leakage(EL)from the cells exposed to freezing temperatures.Interestingly,exogenous application offiavone at4 mg/g fresh weight to P.malacoides leaves,which had the originalfiavone mechanically removed,restored freezing tolerance,and diminished EL from the cells to pretreatment values.Our results suggest that farinosefiavonoids may function as mediators of freezing tolerance in P.malacoides,and exogenous application offiavone could be used to reduce freezing damage during sudden but predictable frost events in other plant species.     

灰岩皱叶报春的组织培养与快速繁殖

1植物名称灰岩皱叶报春(Primula forrestii Balf.f.)。2材料类别种子萌发的无菌苗上胚轴。3培养条件种子萌发培养基:(1)MS。丛生芽诱导和增殖培养基:(2)MS NAA1.86mg·L-1(单位下同) KT0.2;(3)MS 6-BA0.23 IBA2。     

中国西部柄锈菌新资料

本文报告了我国西部的四种柄锈菌。黑果茜草Rubia cordifolia var. pratensis上的西北柄锈菌Puccinia boreo-occidentalis被描述为新种。垂花报春Primula nutans上的北极柄锈菌P. arctica、车叶草Asperula aparine上的车叶草柄锈菌P. asperulae-aparines和黄水枝Tiarella polyphylla上的黄水枝生柄锈菌P. tiarellicola为中国新记录。根据我国的标本对每个种作了描述和讨论并附有孢子线条图。所有标本保藏在中国科学院菌物标本馆(HMAS)。     

钟花报春花的化学成分研究(Ⅱ)

从钟花报春花Primula sikkmensis Hook.中分离得到5个化合物,通过波谱分析其结构分别鉴定为5-羟基黄酮(1),2-苯基色原酮(2),5,8-二羟基黄酮(3),2’-羟基黄酮(4),3’-羟基-黄酮-4’-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(5)。其中化合物1～4首次从该属植物中分离得到,化合物5首次从该植物中分离得到,并首次对3的NMR数据进行了归属。     

Osservazioni sulla polistelia in Primula glaucescens Moretti e Primula longobarda Porta

Abstract

Notes on the polystelic structure in Primula glaucescens Moretti and Primula longobarda Porta. — The rhizome anatomy of Primula glaucescens Moretti and Primula longobarda Porta (two species endemic to Lombardy) have been studied. It has been found that the polystelic structure is present in the rhizome of both species, but with some differences. The taxa show a difference in the number and size of steles and amount of sclerenchymatic tissue within the single stele.

Our investigations confirm the necessity to separate in a specific rank Primula glaucescens Moretti from Primula longobarda Porta, as already proposed by Arietti and Crescini (1976).     

Are any primroses (Primula) primitively monomorphic?

Primula (c. 430 species) and relatives (Primulaceae) are paradigmatic to our understanding of distyly. However, the common co-occurrence of distyly and monomorphy in closely related groups within the family has made the interpretation of its evolution difficult.Here, we infer a chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) phylogeny for 207 accessions, including 51% of the species and 95% of the sections of Primula with monomorphic populations, using Bayesian methods. With this tree, we infer the distribution of ancestral states on critical nodes using parsimony and likelihood methods.The inferred cpDNA phylogeny is consistent with prior estimates. The most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of Primula is resolved as distylous using both methods of inference. However, whether the distyly in Primula, Hottonia, and Vitaliana arose once or three independent times is not clear.We conclude that monomorphism in descendants of the MRCA of Primula is derived from distyly in all cases. Thus, scenarios for the evolution of distyly that rely on the persistence of primitive monomorphy (such as in Primula section Sphondylia) require re-evaluation.     

Molecular characterization of DNA sequences from the Primula vulgaris S-locus

Primula species provide possibly the best known examples of heteromorphic flower development and this breeding system has attracted considerable attention, including that of Charles Darwin. However, despite considerable recent advances in molecular genetics, nothing is known about the molecular basis of floral heteromorphy. The first molecular marker for the Primula S-locus is reported here. This DNA sequence was identified by random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR, further defined as a sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker, and subsequently shown to correspond to a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) that is linked to the thrum allele of the Primula S-locus. The sequence of 8.8 kb of genomic DNA encompassing this thrum-specific RFLP is presented. Analysis of this DNA reveals a highly repetitive sequence structure similar to that found at the S-locus in other species; it also contains sequences similar to elements of a Gypsy-like retrotransposon. The identification of a specific DNA sequence associated with the thrum allele of the Primula S-locus provides the first molecular probe with which to investigate the molecular basis of heteromorphic flower development in Primula.     

Buzz-pollinated Dodecatheon originated from within the heterostylous Primula subgenus Auriculastrum (Primulaceae): a seven-region cpDNA phylogeny and its implications for floral evolution

We sequenced seven cpDNA regions from 70 spp. in Dodecatheon, Primula subgenus Auriculastrum, and outgroups, reconstructed their cpDNA phylogeny with maximum parsimony, and determined branch support with bootstrap frequencies and Bayesian posterior probabilities. Strongly supported conclusions include the (1) paraphyly of Primula subgenus Auriculastrum with respect to a monophyletic Dodecatheon, (2) sister relationship between the North American Dodecatheon and the Californian P. suffrutescens, (3) novel basal split in Dodecatheon to produce one clade with rugose and one clade with smooth anther connectives, (4) monophyly of all sections of Primula subgenus Auriculastrum, and (5) exclusion of the enigmatic Primula section Amethystina from the similar Primula subgenus Auriculastrum. These results support the origin of the monomorphic, buzz-pollinated flower of Dodecatheon from the heterostylous flower of Primula. We marshal evidence to support the novel hypothesis that the solanoid flower of Dodecatheon represents the fixation of recessive alleles at the heterostyly linkage group (pin phenotype). Of the remaining traits associated with their solanoid flowers, we recognize at least six likely to have arisen with the origin of Dodecatheon, one that preceded it (flower coloration, a transfer exaptation in Dodecatheon), and one that followed it (rugose anther connectives, an adaptation to buzz pollination).     

A new species of Primula from Thailand with critical notes on the section Carolinella

Primula larsenii , a new species from Thailand is described; diagnostic characters delimiting sect. Carolinella and sect. Obconicolisteri are discussed; a transfer of Primula kwangtungensis and P. kweichouensis from sect. Obconicolisteri to sect. Carolinella is proposed.     

Comparative phytochemical and morphological analyses of three Italian Primula species

The taxonomy of alpine Primula species has long been in dispute because of high morphologic variability and several hybridisations. In Primula species, the trichome height and the colour of hair-tips are usually indicated as diacritic characters, but in our experience this is not adequate. The present study, focused on Primula auricula, Primula daonensis and Primula hirsuta, therefore proposes the use of other morphologic trichome parameters (size and dimensional ratio of stalk, neck and gland head). Phytochemical investigations about the flavonoid composition (epicuticular and vacuolar) of leaves, as taxonomic markers, have also been performed. We report the isolation and identification of two new flavonol glycosides, isorhamnetin 3-O-(2,6-di-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside) (1) and kaempferol 3-O-(2-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-6-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside) (2) and of eight known flavonoids. Size and dimensional ratio of the three trichome elements (stalk, neck and glandular head) are typical for each species analysed. The flavonoid profile well characterise the entities under study. Three different profiles have been obtained with both vacuolar and epicuticular flavonoids. The morphologic and phytochemical markers proposed in this work seem to be parameters which significatively discriminate the species under study.     

A comparison of early floral ontogeny in wild-type and floral homeotic mutant phenotypes of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Primula</Emphasis>

Primula flowers are heteromorphic with individual plants producing either pin-form or thrum-form flowers. We have used scanning electron microscopy to observe early development of wild-type flowers of primrose (Primula vulgaris), cowslip (P. veris), and the polyanthus hybrid (P. x tommasinii x P. vulgaris). Floral ontogeny in Primula is different from that observed in the well-studied models Antirrhinum majus and Arabidopsis thaliana and our studies reveal morphological landmark events that define the sequence of early floral development in Primula into specific stages. Pin-form and thrum-form flowers are indistinguishable during early development with differentiation of the two floral morphs occurring beyond the differentiation of floral organs. Early ontogeny of flowers with homeotic mutant phenotypes was also studied to determine the timing of developmental reprogramming in these mutants. Phenotypes studied included Hose in Hose and Jack in the Green that develop petaloid sepals and leafy sepals, respectively, and Jackanapes plants that carry both these dominant mutations. Recessive double and semi- double flowers that produce additional whorls of petals and/or stamens in place of carpels were also studied. We describe a previously undocumented recessive Primula mutant phenotype, sepaloid, that produces sepals in place of petals and stamens, and a new non-homeotic, dominant mutant phenotype Split Perianth, in which sepals and petals fail to fuse to form the typical calyx and corolla structures. The molecular basis of these mutant phenotypes in relation to the ABC model is discussed.     

Pollen morphology in Primula sect. Carolinella (Primulaceae) and its taxonomic implications

Pollen morphology in Primula section Carolinella has been investigated for the first time. Seven of the nine species constituting the section were available for study, i. e., P. cardioeides, P. chapaensis, P. intanoensis, P. kwangtungensis, P. kweichouensis, P. partschiana , and P. rugosa, A considerable variation in pollen morphology was found among the investigated species, particularly in number and arrangement of the apertures. Pollen of different species were either tricolpate, tricolporate, trisyncolpate, or polycolpate. Within Primula , the section Carolinella is diagnosed by having calyptrate capsules and leaves with revolute vernation, but the variation in pollen morphology indicates that this group is heterogeneous, and that either polycolpate pollen or a capsular lid has evolved more than once in the genus Primula.     

滇西北玉龙雪山报春花种质资源的调查

滇西北玉龙雪山地处报春花属的现代形成与分布中心,有非常丰富的报春花种类。根据作者2003~2004年对玉龙雪山报春花属植物进行系统调查和资料整理,表明该地区有报春花40种(包括亚种与变种),占我国产报春花属植物总数的12%及云南产报春花属植物总数的29%;同时研究了该属植物在玉龙雪山的分布规律及其资源的生境类型并介绍了主要种类的生物学性状及观赏价值(包括花、叶及其开花期);而且对玉龙雪山报春花资源的保护及合理开发利用提出了建议。