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1.
本文以在英格兰捕获的野生小家鼠为研究材料,尝试用DNA指纹图谱方法判别动物后代的双亲,从冷冻鼠脑组织提取的DNA,经限制性酶Hinf-Ⅰ的酶切、凝胶电泳、尼龙膜吸附、与P^32标记的人或鼠RNA探针杂交、放射自显影,最后得到DNA指纹图谱。图谱分析表明:野生小家鼠间的亲缘关系很近,个体间的相似性系数较高,不易判别后式的双亲,建议采用简便而又准确的条带比较法,取代相似性系数法。鼠探针与鼠DNA杂交所 相似文献
2.
动物的双亲判别与DNA指纹图谱 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
在亲缘识别和婚配选择等动物行为学研究中,需要知道动物之间的亲缘关系。通过分析以往的各种双亲判别方法,如蛋白电泳和血清学技术等,其中DNA指纹图谱法被认为是目前最好的。这种方法已在许多种动物(狗、猫、小家鼠、家燕、蓠雀、天鹅等)和人的研究中得到应用。DNA指纹图谱方法的基本原理是这样,两个动物的DNA 片断具有完全相同的碱基排序的情形从理论上讲其可能性极小,所以每个个体(除同卵双生子外)的DNA经提取、酶切、凝胶电泳、RNA或DNA探针杂交和放射性自显影后所形成的条带分布应该是有区别的、具有个体的特异性,这些条带就是DNA指纹图谱。动物个体DNA 指纹图谱中的每一条带,除了偶然发生的基因突变, 都可以从父母双方、或父方、或母方找到。据此,本文介绍了如何使用DNA指纹图谱进行包括父方和母方亲代判别的方法,如条带比较法和相似性系数法。 相似文献
3.
中国东部栗疫病菌群体的遗传分化 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
本实验采用RFLP技术,对中国东部栗疫病菌进行了群体遗传结构的研究,313个参试菌株来自10个省(市)的16个群体(子群体),样本人布在北纬24°N-41°N。各菌株的DNA分别用限制性内切酶Pst Ⅰ和EcoRⅠ酶切,先后以10个低拷贝DNA探针和1个DNA指纹图谱探针进行了杂交和检测。结果表明,两个探针的杂交图谱呈单态性,其他7个低拷贝探针的杂交图谱都呈多态性、指纹图谱探针的检测结果显示,辽宁 相似文献
4.
本实验采用RFLP技术,对中国东部栗疫病菌(Cryphonectria parasitica)进行了群体遗传结构的研究。313个参试菌株来自10个省(市)的16个群体(子群体),样本分布在北纬24°N—41°N。各菌株的DNA分别用限制性内切酶Pst Ⅰ和EcoR Ⅰ酶切,先后以10个低拷贝DNA探针和1个DNA指纹图谱探针进行了杂交和检测。结果表明,两个探针(pCB29和pMS29.1)的杂交图谱呈单态性;探针pCB19的杂交图谱显示,菌株DNA以PstⅠ酶切的为单态性,以EcoR Ⅰ酶切的则呈多态性;其他7个低拷贝探针的杂交图谱都呈多态性(Pst Ⅰ酶切)、指纹图谱探针的检测结果显示,辽宁凤城群体的菌株与中国东部其他群体的菌株相比,具有更多的限制性杂交片段,菌株间的遗传变异性也更大。 相似文献
5.
本实验采用RFLP技术,对中国东部栗疫病菌(Cryphonectria parasitica)进行了群体遗传结构的研究。313个参试菌株来自10个省(市)的16个群体(子群体),样本分布在北纬24°N—41°N。各菌株的DNA分别用限制性内切酶Pst Ⅰ和EcoR Ⅰ酶切,先后以10个低拷贝DNA探针和1个DNA指纹图谱探针进行了杂交和检测。结果表明,两个探针(pCB29和pMS29.1)的杂交图谱呈单态性;探针pCB19的杂交图谱显示,菌株DNA以PstⅠ酶切的为单态性,以EcoR Ⅰ酶切的则呈多态性;其他7个低拷贝探针的杂交图谱都呈多态性(Pst Ⅰ酶切)、指纹图谱探针的检测结果显示,辽宁凤城群体的菌株与中国东部其他群体的菌株相比,具有更多的限制性杂交片段,菌株间的遗传变异性也更大。 相似文献
6.
大熊猫DNA指纹在野生种群数量调查中的应用 总被引:22,自引:2,他引:20
本文用荧光素标记LZF-1基因指纹探针,以四川省冕宁县冶勒野外大熊猫的脱落被毛及尽量新鲜的粪便作样品,进行了DNA指纹检测。1.在相同或不同时间、巢域采集的粪便与被毛样品,显现出相同或不同的DNA指纹图谱,达到个体认定的目的.表明了大熊猫野外脱落被毛和粪便,能作为DNA指纹分析材料,进行野生种群数量调查.2.根据检测6个被毛和9个粪便样品的结果,认定该生境中有7只大熊猫个体,纠正了有8只和8±2只的记载.3.应用DNA指纹技术及微机个体识别进行大熊猫野外数量调查,准确可靠,节省人力、物力和财力,能获得大熊猫在野外的真实个体数量。 相似文献
7.
板齿鼠线粒体DNA的研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文应用ApaI、BamHI、BclI、BglI、ClaI、EcoRI、EcoRV、HindII、PstI、PvuII、SacI、ScaI和XbaI等13种限制性内切酶对板齿鼠线粒体DNA(mtDNA)进行限制性片段长度多态(RFLP)分析,并用双酶解法构建其限制性内切酶图谱。结果表明板齿鼠存在3种mtDNA单倍型,可通过限制酶PvuII、HindII和ApaI区分,呈现DNA多态性和种内遗传变异。与小家鼠、褐家鼠mtDNA限制性片段的数据相比较,板齿鼠和这两种鼠mtDNA存在明显差异。板齿鼠mtDNA限制性内切酶图谱的建立,为进一步系统研究鼠科动物的遗传分化提供了依据。 相似文献
8.
9.
选用香菇的杂交菌株农1与野生株Q进行正反双单杂交,得到6个杂交后代。结果表 明:3个正交菌株与3个反交菌株在酯酶同工酶与DNA水平上具有极高的相似性,而对杀菌 剂和温度的敏感性显示了明显的遗传差异,且农艺性状遗传差异也十分显著。正反杂交菌株在 核基因相同情况下的遗传差异应主要归于细胞质差异。本研究表明,香菇双单杂交后代是同质 异核体。 相似文献
10.
陆地棉×比克氏棉育成种质系的同工酶和RAPD分析 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
为了从分子水平上检验野生棉遗传特性向陆地棉转育的结果以及育成种质之间的遗传差异,通过等电聚焦电泳和RAPD技术,对来自科遗181陆地棉品系与野生比克氏棉杂交后代的6个遗传稳定的不同种质系及其亲本的过氧化物酶同工酶图谱和DNA指纹图谱进行了分析。结果如下(1)6个种质系的基本酶谱特征均倾向于陆地棉亲本,但在其中2个种质系的过氧化物酶图谱中,观察到各具有1条等电点值(PI)为4.85的野生亲本的特征带;(2)DNA指纹图谱的分析表明,不同种质系之间在基因组水平上具有高度的异质性。并且在OPO10和OPO112个引物的扩增图谱中观察到4个育成种质系具有野生比克氏棉亲本的特征带。 相似文献
11.
荧光-构象敏感凝胶电泳技术筛查上海市郊区野生小家鼠线粒体编码区SNP位点 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用通用引物荧光PCR方案, 应用荧光-构象敏感凝胶电泳(fluorescence-based conformation sensitive gel elec-trophoresis, F-CSGE)和DNA直接测序分型技术, 对上海地区64只野生小家鼠线粒体DNA(mtDNA)编码区进行序列分析, 在上海市郊区野生小家鼠群体中初步检测mtDNA编码区SNP, 以发现合适的遗传位标用于野生小家鼠遗传多态性分析。结果发现: F-CSGE所有存在SNP突变的峰图中同源双链和异源双链峰电泳泳动距离差异均较为明显, 在检测未知SNP中无假阳性出现, 检测效率高。F-CSGE检出野生小鼠mtDNA编码区SNP 24个, 其中新发现SNP为16个。结果表明, F-CSGE可用于mtDNA编码区SNP检测, 新发现的SNP可作为遗传位标用以研究整个上海地区野生小家鼠的遗传结构和遗传多态性。 相似文献
12.
Amy C. Eklund 《Genetica》1998,104(3):245-248
The mechanisms maintaining natural diversity at the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are not well understood. To increase
knowledge of one potential mechanism, I examined the use of MHC genes for mate choice by wild house mice in a controlled laboratory
setting. Three rearing groups of wild test mice were produced: non‐fostered control mice, mice fostered into families of an
inbred laboratory mouse strain, and mice fostered into families of a second, MHC‐congenic mouse strain. Mature test mice were
given a choice of two opposite‐sex stimulus mice from the two MHC‐congenic strains used for fostering, and were scored for
several measures of preference. The results were non‐significant in general, but females of two rearing groups spent significantly
more time with mice of one MHC‐type, and in most rearing groups, mice tended to spend more time with this same MHC‐type. Other
results showed that male test mice ejaculated indiscriminantly and that female wild mice mated to ejaculation more often in
longer length trials, but showed no significant preferences. In this study, fostering seemed to have little or no effect on
MHC‐based mate preferences of wild house mice, and wild mice did not appear to be using the MHC to avoid inbreeding. However,
some wild female mice used the MHC to choose potential mates.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
13.
Hypervariable polymorphic patterns were detected using wild-type M13 DNA as a probe in genomic DNAs of very different organisms ranging from procaryotes and lower eucaryotes to upper plants and animals, including human beings. Due to somatic stability of highly polymorphic patterns and their discrete inheritance, individual-specific restriction pattern analysis ("DNA fingerprinting") with this test probe was found to be useful in applied human genetics, in particular, for identifying paternity and maternity, and mapping of human genomes. The data obtained also demonstrate some possibilities of the DNA fingerprinting technology in genetics and selection of agricultural plants and animals, such as variety analysis, classification and registration of individual inbred lines and strains, as well as identification of bacterial strains. 相似文献
14.
The major histocompatibility complex and mating preferences in wild house mice (mus domesticus) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study examined the relationship between the major histocompatibilitycomplex (MHC) genes and mate choice by wild house mice in acontrolled laboratory setting in an attempt to understand themechanisms maintaining natural MHC diversity. Three rearinggroups of wild test mice were produced: nonfostered controlmice, mice fostered into families of an inbred laboratory mousestrain, and mice fostered into families of a second mouse straindiffering genetically from the first only within the MHC region.At maturity, test mice were given a choice of two opposite-sexstimulus mice of the two MHC-congenic strains used for fostering.Test mice were scored for several measures of preference includingamount of time spent with either stimulus mouse, and ejaculationwith a stimulus mouse. Females in two of three rearing groupsspent more time with one MHC type regardless of rearing environment,suggesting that females did not prefer mates dissimilar fromfamily MHC type. Time preferences tended to be stronger in femalesthan in males. Male test mice ejaculated indiscriminantly. Femalewild mice mated to ejaculation more often in longer trials,but these matings were still too infrequent to assess preferences.Fostering had little or no effect on MHC-based mate preferencesof wild house mice, and no evidence suggested that MHC was usedto avoid inbreeding. Wild female mice may still choose matesbased on MHC haplotypes (but do not necessarily prefer MHC-dissimilarmates); other cues are probably also used. Based on these results,inbreeding avoidance does not seem a strong mechanism for maintainingnatural MHC diversity 相似文献
15.
The detection of high levels of genetic variability by DNA fingerprinting probes has allowed researchers to accurately assess relatedness. Multiple-mating strategies are characteristic of the mating systems of small mammals. As such, techniques that provide an accurate indication of how individuals are related genetically is of great importance to assess the mating system of a species. In this study, we applied the DNA fingerprinting technique to captive and wild muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus) to determine its usefulness for parentage analysis in wild populations. We found that DNA digested with the restriction enzyme Hae III and probed with Jeffrey's minisatellite 33. 15 identified a large amount of polymorphism in both groups of muskrats. The DNA fingerprinting technique correctly assessed parentage within the captive group. In the wild population, paternity was assigned between two adult males based on diagnostic fragments and similarity of banding patterns. The likelihood that paternity could be misassigned to a full sibling was high in this free-ranging population. However, because natal dispersal in muskrats is male biased, it is unlikely that two brothers would associate with the same female. 相似文献
16.
Sven Krackow 《Ethology : formerly Zeitschrift fur Tierpsychologie》2003,109(8):671-689
Divergence of dispersal regimens has been suggested to be the selective basis for the evolutionary differentiation of agonistic phenotypes found in natural populations of house mice. Dispersal propensity may, therefore, be expected to exhibit heritable variation in wild house mice, ultimately related to motivational differences causing observable differences in agonistic behaviour. To test for heritable components in dispersal propensity in wild house mice, father–offspring regressions of dispersal latencies from residential social groups were determined in standardized seminatural social settings. To evaluate potential motivational causes of phenotypic variation in dispersal behaviour, all test animals (fathers, sons, and daughters) were scored prior to the dispersal experiment in a standardized behavioural test, at 60 d of age. Activities were monitored in a 1 m2 square test arena during 10‐min observation periods. Test arenas exhibited four equidistant openings leading to cages containing fresh, own, sibling, or foreign bedding material. The apparatus allowed for scoring anxiety, exploratory activity, and kin preference. Subsequently, test animals were exposed to a resident population in a semi‐natural enclosure providing a dispersal opportunity. Father–son regressions of dispersal latencies were significantly positive, but no significant relationship was found for daughters. Dispersal latency decreased with increasing exploratory activity scores in males, but increased in females. Anxiety as well as kin preferences did not affect dispersal propensity. Hence sex‐linked, motivational components reflect heritable social behaviour variation in male house mice that may ultimately be caused by diverging dispersal regimens. 相似文献
17.
T. Schmidt K. Boblenz M. Metzlaff D. Kaemmer K. Weising G. Kahl 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1993,85(6-7):653-657
Summary The distribution and abundance of simple repetitive sequences complementary to the synthetic oligonucleotides (GACA)4, (GATA)4, (GTG)5 and (CA)8 in the genomes of several cultivars of Beta vulgaris and in the wild beet B. vulgaris ssp. maritima were investigated. Hybridization experiments revealed that all four motifs were present, though at different abundances, in the genomes of all of the investigated beet cultivars. Considerable intraspecific variation of the resulting DNA fingerprints was observed. The extent of polymorphism depends on the oligonucleotide probe. The most informative banding patterns were obtained with the (GATA)4 probe hybridized to HinfI-, HaeIII-, or RsaI-restricted DNA, respectively. DNA fingerprinting with (GATA)4 allowed a clear differentiation of double-haploid breeding lines (DH lines). We demonstrated that the application of oligonucleotide probes for DNA fingerprinting is a sensitive tool for genome diagnosis in cultivated beet. 相似文献
18.
RAPD用于生物鉴定具有快速、简便、经济等优点。但是,由于该法所用引物通常为9~10个寡聚核苷酸,与PCR使用特异引物相比,其Tm值相对较低,扩增反应易受外界条件影响,重复性较差。SRFA技术采用设计有限制内切酶位点的人工合成接头与引物互补,弥补了RAPD法的上述不足。Fig.1为SRFA的技术路线。为提高连接效率,在同一试管内,用PstI酶解基因组DNA,并与人工接头连结,制备SRFA扩增的模板。合成与接头序列相应的引物。对南方5个野生稻品种和籼、粳稻各一个栽培品种进行SRFA扩增。Fig.2表示:每种材料均能获得约10条以上的扩增条带。条带的大小在4002000bp之间。栽培稻品种中出现多态性片段:用引物1可得一条(1.3kb)片段,用引物2可得2条(1.1kb、0.7kb)片段。与FAPD法相比,SRFA法增加20%的多态性。栽培稻与野生稻之间在多态性上没有差异,说明两者亲缘关系非常接近。五种野生稻的图谱可分为两类:江西、湖南、广西的与籼稻相近,广东、云南的与粳稻相近。当然,这还有待其它方面的研究来验证。接头的设计要求避免自身连结,与目的片段连结后不能再被PstI切开。引物包括不变序列和选择序列两部 相似文献
19.
Genetic relationships of 20 Trichinella isolates from Indiana wildlife were assessed and compared to Trichinella isolated from an infected swine herd. Trichinella larvae were isolated from coyotes, mink, raccoons, and red foxes. The larvae were maintained and amplified in white mice (ICR) and wild mice (Peromyscus leucopus). Differences in phenotypic characters of sylvatic isolates in the 2 laboratory hosts included an approximately 10-30-fold increase in parasite fecundity in wild mice. DNA for each isolate was extracted from Trichinella larvae and analyzed by dot-blot hybridization using a repetitive DNA probe pBP2 that recognizes DNA sequences specific for swine Trichinella. The probe hybridized only to Trichinella from swine and a single coyote isolate. Restriction endonucleases were used to digest DNA and the resulting fragments were separated by gel electrophoresis. Based on the presence of repetitive DNA sequences in the Trichinella genome, distinctive banding patterns were seen among the isolates. Trichinella isolated from swine had a pattern distinct from all sylvatic isolates except 1 from a coyote. Because this coyote was from the same general locality as the swine Trichinella outbreak, it was concluded that the isolate represents transmission of swine trichinellosis to the wildlife population. Further analysis using the enzyme Cla I identified unique banding patterns for wild isolates, suggesting that the sylvatic group is a genetically heterogeneous complex. 相似文献
20.
M13 phage DNA as a universal marker for DNA fingerprinting of animals, plants and microorganisms 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Hypervariable polymorphic patterns were detected with M13 phage DNA as a probe in genomic DNA of organisms belonging to different taxonomic groups including animals (vertebrates and invertebrates), plants and microorganisms. Individual-specific restriction pattern analysis (DNA fingerprinting) with this probe proved to be useful for individual identification, analysis of somatic stability and paternity testing in man. The nuclear type of inheritance indicates that the hypervariable DNA regions in question are located in the chromosomes, not in the mitochondrial DNA. The data obtained also demonstrate a potential range of M13 DNA applications as a probe for DNA fingerprinting of animals, plants and microorganisms, particularly for the determination of inbred lines, identification of bacterial strains and establishing stock, variety and strain distinctions. 相似文献