农杆菌介导的日本落叶松胚性细胞遗传转化研究

基于体细胞胚胎发生技术平台,利用携带pSuper1300+质粒,以潮霉素为筛选标记基因的农杆菌GV3101介导日本落叶松遗传转化,对植物受体材料生理状态、农杆菌浓度和浸染时间以及共培养时间等影响因素进行了研究、分析和讨论.结果表明:综合优化各影响因素,生长旺盛的日本落叶松胚性细胞,经浓度为0.4(OD600)的农杆菌浸染10min,共培养2d,再用含400mg/L的头孢霉素的液体培养基清洗脱菌,然后在含400mg/L的头孢霉素固体培养基上恢复培养,并置于含5mg/L潮霉素的固体培养基上多次筛选,最终共获得54个抗性细胞系,转化率平均为0.94个/g.PCR检测鉴定,所有抗性细胞系均为阳性转化体,并排除了农杆菌污染导致的假阳性.研究建立并优化了农杆菌介导的日本落叶松遗传转化技术,为进行遗传改良和基因功能鉴定提供有利平台.     

根癌农杆菌介导的雪莲冷诱导蛋白基因对薰衣草遗传转化的初步研究

预培养6d的薰衣草下胚轴在添加100μmol·L-1乙酰丁香酮(AS)的根癌农杆菌重悬液中浸染10min后共培养2～3d,再经过7～10d的恢复培养之后用包含10mg·L-1潮霉素B和200mg·L-1头孢霉素的筛选培养基进行筛选是较为理想的遗传转化条件。通过GFP观察和GUS染色以及对筛选得到的抗性芽的PCR检测证明,外源目的基因()莲冷诱导蛋白基因scp)已整合到薰衣草基因组中,阳性率为40%。     

根癌农杆菌介导蓝猪耳转化的影响因素研究

研究了根癌农杆菌介导蓝猪耳转化的影响因子。结果表明,以蓝色花类型蓝猪耳5~6周的叶片为外植体,在OD₆₀₀为0.5~0.6的活化菌液中浸染5~10min,暗培养4d后,在愈伤组织诱导培养基(MS+BA 1.0mg/L+2,4-D 0.1mg/L)上生长14d,获得抗性愈伤组织;经芽诱导培养基(1/2MS+BA 1.0mg/L+NAA 0.1mg/L)培养28d得到抗性芽;生根培养基(1/2MS)上培养14d得到抗性植株。经PCR检测证实外源基因已整合到蓝猪耳基因组中,转化率达13%~14%。Cef和Hyg浓度对转化影响较大,转化的不同阶段其适宜浓度不同。     

农杆菌介导佛手遗传转化主要影响因素的研究

采用根癌农杆菌介导的佛手叶盘转化法,在建立转海藻糖合酶基因(TPS)佛手体系过程中,对影响农杆菌转化频率的各种因素进行了研究。结果表明,佛手叶盘需在黑暗条件下MT培养基上预培养2-3d,与农杆菌共培养3d较合适;农杆菌菌液浓度OD600约为0.6-0.8,感染时间20min;抑制农杆菌生长的抗生素浓度以头孢霉素(Cef)250mgL-1和羧苄青霉素(Cb)250mgL-1且延迟筛选时间4d最好;共培养基中添加100μmol/L乙酰丁香酮(AS)和400mgL-1半胱氨酸(L-Cys)对佛手遗传转化有明显的促进作用。经GUS报告基因和PCR技术检测,初步证实TPS基因已整合到佛手基因组中,且GUS报告基因瞬时表达率为5.9%。     

农杆菌介导的天绿香遗传转化影响因素的研究

通过农杆菌介导的方法将新疆准噶尔小胸鳖甲抗冻蛋白基因Mpafp149导入天绿香中,对影响农杆菌转化频率的各种因素进行了研究。结果表明农杆菌介导天绿香遗传转化的潮霉素最佳筛选浓度为8 mg·L^-1,预培养时间2 d,共培养时间2 d,菌液浓度OD₆₀₀为0.2～0.25,浸染时间为8 min时适宜天绿香不定芽的诱导,有利于天绿香转基因植株的获得。通过PCR检测,初步证明外源基因Mpafp149已整合到天绿香基因组中。     

铁棍山药微型块茎遗传转化体系的建立

怀山药(Dioscorea opposita)遗传转化是对其进行基因功能分析和遗传改良的基础, 但目前国内外尚未见相关报道。以怀山药优良品种铁棍山药(D. opposita cv. ‘Tiegun’)的微型块茎为受体材料, 对影响遗传转化的因素进行优化, 建立了由根癌农杆菌介导的山药遗传转化体系。过表达质粒载体pCAMBIA1301-DoSERK2含GUS标记基因和潮霉素(Hyg)抗性筛选基因, 沉默质粒载体pART27-DoSERK2含卡那霉素(Kan)抗性筛选基因。根癌农杆菌抑制剂特美汀(Tim)的最佳浓度为500 mg·L ^-1; 再生芽和生根时, Hyg的最佳浓度分别为15和20 mg·L ^-1, Kan的最佳浓度分别为120和160 mg·L ^-1。对转化植株进行PCR和GUS组织化学检测, 结果显示外源基因已整合到铁棍山药转基因株系的基因组中并在细胞中表达。该研究建立了一套取材便利的铁棍山药遗传转化方法, 对其它品种山药的转化也具有参考价值。     

羽衣甘蓝下胚轴农杆菌介导遗传转化体系的优化

以红鸥羽衣甘蓝下胚轴为试材,首先优化了不定芽分化体系,其次探讨了农杆菌介导遗传转化过程中农杆菌侵染浓度、侵染时间对不定芽分化率的影响及不定芽分化和生根过程中潮霉素B筛选压力,最后对抗性植株进行了潮霉素B筛选基因的PCR检测。结果表明,在MS+6-BA 5.0 mg/L+Ag NO3 9.0 mg/L培养基中不定芽分化率最高,为84.17%;农杆菌侵染浓度OD600值为0.5、侵染5 min时利于遗传转化,分化率为69.17%;不定芽分化和生根过程中潮霉素B筛选压力分别为4.0 mg/L和30.0 mg/L;潮霉素B筛选基因的PCR鉴定结果,在预期的602 bp处出现了条带,初步证明潮霉素B筛选基因已整合到羽衣甘蓝基因组中。     

农杆菌介导大豆子叶节影响因素的研究

为提高大豆遗传转化效率,采用农杆菌介导遗传转化的方法,以大豆子叶节为外植体,研究共培养阶段浸染液浓度及外界培养条件(共培养温度和天数)和培养基添加物对转化效率和芽诱导率的影响。结果显示,浸染液OD600=0.5的诱导率最高,共培养温度为24℃,共培养天数为10 d具有较高转化效率,共培养基中加入一定浓度的单壁碳纳米管(Single-wall carbon nanotube,NM)对诱导卡那霉素抗性不定芽有促进作用。PCR检测表明PHR1基因已整合到T1代大豆基因组中,初步证明可在大豆基因组中稳定遗传。     

一种改进的水稻成熟胚愈伤组织高效基因转化系统

以成熟胚愈伤组织为材料的农杆菌介导水稻转化法虽已建立,但转化频率仍有待提高.本文以粳稻(Oryza sativa)品种(中花10号和中花11号)的成熟胚诱导的愈伤组织为受体材料,对组织培养体系及影响遗传转化的因素进行优化,建立了一套改进的农杆菌介导的水稻高效遗传转化系统.农杆菌菌株为EHA105,质粒载体是pUN1301/OsRAA1,其中含有标记基因GUS和筛选基因HPT.愈伤组织诱导培养基为NBD2(NB 2 mg·L-12,4-D),继代培养基为NBD0.5,预分化与分化培养基为RE1(MS 1 mg·L-16-BA 0.25 mg·L-1NAA 0.5 mg·L-1KT 0.2 mg·L-1ZT)和RE2(MS 1 mg·L-16-BA 0.5 mg·L-1NAA 0.5 mg·L-1KT 0.2 mg·L-1ZT).另外,还分析了影响T-DNA转移的多种因素,如外植体种类、愈伤组织预培养基和愈伤组织继代次数等.采用优化的转化程序,水稻愈伤组织转化率和植株转化率可达70%以上.     

根癌农杆菌介导的虎杖茎尖转化研究

为了建立根癌农杆菌介导的虎杖茎尖遗传转化体系,以虎杖的茎尖为转化受体,研究了携带白藜芦醇合酶基因(PcRS)的根癌农杆菌载体介导的虎杖遗传转化若干因素对转化效果的影响。结果显示,较适宜的转化系统为预培养2 d,农杆菌菌液(OD600值为0.6)侵染10 min,共培养3 d,在含8 mg/L潮霉素的培养基上诱导不定芽。利用该体系从300块茎尖外植体中共转化获得15株抗性再生植株,经PCR和Southern杂交检测,有6株虎杖的基因组中已整合进了目的基因。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Time of detection of recessive genes: effects of system of mating and number of examined individuals

Summary Anthers were cultured from two sets of seven lines of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with different cytoplasms, the euplasmic nucleus donors, Siete Cerros 66 and Penjamo 62, as well as their six alloplasmic lines derived from wild relative species of the genera Triticum and Aegilops. Significant cytoplasmic and nuclear effects but no cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction were found for embryogenic anther response, with the best performance of Penjamo 62 in Ae. kotschyi cytoplasm. Plant regeneration was not affected significantly by the cytoplasmic background of the lines cultured. The possible genetic implications of the observed cytoplasmic and nuclear influences on the in vitro haploid induction of wheat are discussed.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.