胃癌及相应癌旁组织中VEGF、CD34、CD44v6的检测及临床意义

目的:探讨血管内皮生长因子(Vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)、CD34和CD44v6在胃癌及相应癌旁组织中的表达及其与临床病理意义.方法:应用免疫组化技术检测60例胃癌以及相应癌旁组织中VEGF、CD34和CD44v6的表达.结果:胃癌组织VEGF阳性率为71.67%(43/60)明显低于癌旁组织88.34%(53/60),两组间有显著性差异(P=0.022);VEGF阳性表达与胃癌病理分级、浸润深度、淋巴结转移和临床分期密切相关(P＜0.05).癌旁组织中微血管密度(MVD)明显高于癌组织MVD(P=0.000),有淋巴结转移癌组织中MVD高于无淋巴结转移者(P=0.043),并随浸润深度、临床分期MVD升高(P=0.046,P=0.000).癌旁组织中CD44v6阳性率为48.34%(29/60)低于癌组织的61.67%(37/60),两者无明显差别.CD44v6的阳性率随胃癌浸润的加深而升高,与淋巴结转移和TNM分期呈正相关.VEGF、CD34及CD44v6三指标间两两相关(P＜0.05).结论:VEGF、CD34和CD44v6三者联合检测有助于判断胃癌的浸润、转移及预后情况.     

胃癌组织中的MUC1和VEGF表达及其意义

目的:检测胃癌组织中VEGF和MUC1的表达情况,研究二者与胃癌生物学行为之间的关系。方法:应用免疫组织化学SP法检测VEGF和MUC1在胃癌组织和癌旁组织中的表达情况。结果:胃癌组织中VEGF的阳性表达明显高于癌旁组织,两者之间差异存在统计学意义(P0.05),VEGF在胃癌组织中的表达与胃癌浸润深度、有无远处转移、有无淋巴结转移、TNM分期有关,之间差异存在统计学意义(P0.05);胃癌组织中MUC1的阳性表达明显高于癌旁组织,两者之间差异存在统计学意义(P0.05),MUC1在胃癌组织中的表达与分化程度、TNM分期、淋巴结转移、远处转移有关,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);胃癌患者组织VEGF与MUC1的表达水平呈正相关(r=0.210,P0.05)。结论:VEGF和MUC1在胃癌发生、发展和转移过程中起重要作用,可能成为检测胃癌的重要肿瘤标志物。     

RegIV和CCL7在胃癌中的表达及相关性分析

目的:研究再生基因4(RegIV)和趋化因子CCL7在胃癌中的表达及相关性。方法:选择2010年3月至2014年3月在我院接受手术治疗的胃癌患者72例作为研究对象。对比RegIV及CCL7在胃癌组织以及癌旁正常组织中的阳性表达情况,分析不同病理参数对RegIV及CCL7阳性表达的影响,RegIV与CCL7表达的相关性及影响RegIV及CCL7在胃癌中表达的危险因素。结果:胃癌组织的RegIV阳性率及CCL7阳性率均显著高于癌旁正常组织,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。有浆膜浸润、有淋巴结转移以及TNM分期为Ⅲ~Ⅳ期者的RegIV与CCL7阳性表达率均显著高于无浆膜浸润、无淋巴结转移以及TNM分期为0~Ⅱ期者,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。经Spearman法分析相关性可知,RegIV与CCL7表达呈正相关。根据Logistic回归分析法可知,有浆膜浸润、有淋巴结转移以及TNM分期为Ⅲ~Ⅳ期均为RegIV及CCL7在胃癌中表达的危险因素。结论:RegIV与CCL7均可在胃癌组织中呈现出较高的阳性表达,且二者与患者临床预后有密切关系,在临床治疗过程中值得关注与重视。     

EMT标志分子Vimentin在胃癌中的表达和临床意义

目的:探讨EMT标志分子Vimentin在胃癌中的表达和临床意义。方法:利用免疫组化染色的方法检测Vimentin在120例胃癌及其相应癌旁组织中的表达,统计分析Vimentin的表达水平与年龄、性别、组织学类型、TNM分期、淋巴结转移等临床病理特征间的相关性。结果:Vimentin在胃癌中的表达阳性率为55.8%,远高于相应癌旁组织的22.5%(P0.01),进一步分析研究发现Vimentin的表达水平在Ⅲ和Ⅳ期的胃癌中(TNM分期)的表达明显高于Ⅰ和Ⅱ期的胃癌,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.009),在发生淋巴结转移胃癌中表达明显高于未发生淋巴结转移的胃癌,差异具有统计学意义(P0.000)。结论:Vimentin在胃癌中高表达,其表达水平与TNM分期、淋巴结转移密切相关,提示Vimentin在胃癌的转移过程中可能发挥重要作用。     

胃癌患者Sox2蛋白和CTHRC-1蛋白的表达与肿瘤发展密切相关

本研究选取病理科收集的自2016年1月至2016年12月的90例术后胃癌组织标本(胃癌组)、45例癌旁组织标本(对照组),采用免疫组化染色法检测两组标本中的Y框蛋白(Sox2)、胶原三股螺旋重叠蛋白-1表达,并分析其与肿瘤TNM分期、淋巴结转移、浸润深度、分化程度的关系,采用Spearman秩相关检验检测两种蛋白的相互关系,试图探讨胃癌患者癌组织中性别决定区Y框蛋白(Sox2)、胶原三股螺旋重叠蛋白-1(CTHRC-1)的表达及其相关性。研究结果表明:胃癌组的Sox2蛋白阳性表达率63.33%显著低于对照组的93.33%(p<0.05),胃癌组的CTHRC-1蛋白阳性表达率78.89%显著高于对照组的24.44%(p<0.05);胃癌组的Sox2蛋白阳性表达与胃癌的分化程度、发生淋巴结转移具有相关性(p<0.05);胃癌组的CTHRC-1蛋白阳性表达与胃癌的淋巴结转移、TNM分期、肿瘤浸润深度具有显著的相关性(p<0.05);胃癌组的Sox2蛋白与CTHRC-1蛋白呈显著的负相关表达(Spearman相关系数r=-0.322, p=0.002<0.05)。本研究的初步结论表明:胃癌组织中Sox2蛋白低表达和CTHRC-1蛋白高表达,并且与肿瘤发展密切相关,且二者表达呈负相关。     

PKCβⅡ和EGFR在胃癌中的表达及意义

目的:检测蛋白激酶CβⅡ亚型(PKCβⅡ)、表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)在胃癌组织中的表达,探讨其与胃癌临床病理特征的关系.方法:应用免疫组化(S-P法)检测105例癌旁正常胃组织和手术切除胃癌标本中PKCβⅡ、EGFR的表达状况,并将检测结果与临床病理特征进行综合分析.结果:癌组织和癌旁正常胃组织PKCβⅡ阳性表达率分别为62.86%和44.76%,二者之间有显著性差异(P<0.05);EGFR阳性表达率分别为46.67%和7.62%二者之间亦具有显著性差异(P<0.05).PKCβⅡ和EGFR的表达呈正相关(P<0.05),它们的表达与胃癌组织学类型、浸润深度、淋巴结转移、组织学分级、临床TNM分期相关(P<0.05),与患者的性别,年龄无关(P0.05).结论:PKCβⅡ和EGFR在胃癌组织中均存在高表达,与胃癌组织类型、分化程度、浸润深度、淋巴结转移以及临床TNM分期有一定关系.联合检测两种指标有望对胃癌发生发展的研究、判断预后及靶向治疗提供依据.     

Survivin和COX-2在胃癌组织中的表达及其相关性

目的:探讨Survivin和COX-2在胃癌组织中的表达及相关性.方法:采用免疫组化SP法、半定量RT-PCR法检测50例胃癌标本中Survivin和COX-2的表达情况,以癌旁组织作为正常对照.结果:①正常胃组织中无Survivin和COX-2的表达,胃癌组织中Survivin的表达与浸润深度、TNM分期、淋巴结转移有关(P＜0.01),与胃癌的分化程度无关(P＞0.05),而COX-2的表达与TNM分期、淋巴结转移有关(P＜0.01),与胃癌的分化程度、浸润深度无关(P＞0.05).②胃癌组织中Survivin和COX-2的表达呈正相关(P＜0.05).结论:Survivin和COX-2在胃癌的发生发展中起着协同作用,可作为胃癌早期诊断及预后评估的重要指标.     

LMP-1在胃癌和相应癌旁组织中的表达

目的探讨Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)感染与胃癌发生发展的关系。方法应用免疫组化SP法检测EB病毒潜伏感染膜蛋白-1(LMP-1)在97例胃癌组织及89例相应癌旁组织中表达。结果97例胃癌组织中30例LMP-1蛋白表达阳性,阳性率为30.9%,EBV阳性率与患者性别、浸润深度、淋巴结转移、组织学分型和临床分期之间无明显关系(P>0.05);89例相应癌旁组织中33例检测到EBV LMP-1的表达,胃癌组织及相应癌旁组织EBV阳性表达之间有显著相关性(P=0.000)。结论EBV感染与胃癌的发生有一定的相关性。     

非小细胞肺癌中DPC4、VEGF基因的表达及相关性研究

目的:研究DPC4和VEGF基因在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及相关性.方法:利用免疫组织化学SP法检测60例NSCLC组织、10例相应的癌旁正常肺组织中DPC4、VEGF的表达.结果:DPC4在60例NSCLC标本中的阳性表达率为63.3%(38/60),癌旁正常肺组织中的阳性表达率90.0%(9/10),差别有显著性意义(P＜0.05);DPCA与患者的年龄、性别、组织学类型、TNM分期、肿瘤细胞分化程度无关(P＞0.05),而与淋巴结转移显著相关(P＜0.05).肺癌组织中VEGF阳性率(81.7%,49/60)明显高于正常肺组织(20.0%,2/10),有显著性差别(P＜0.05);VEGF的阳性表达与患者的年龄、性别、组织学类型无关(P＞0.05),而与TNM分期、肿瘤细胞分化程度、淋巴结转移明显相关.60例NSCLC中,DPCA的表达与VEGF呈明显的负相关(r=0.303,P＜0.05).结论:DPC4在肺癌组织中低表达,可促进肺癌的淋巴结转移.VEGF在肺癌组织中高表达,可促进肺癌的发生、发展、转移.DPC4、VEGF在肺癌中的表达呈负相关,提示DPC4可能通过下调VEGF的表达而抑制血管的生成.     

转录因子Ets-1与MMP-9在胃癌中的表达及临床意义

目的观察转录因子Ets-1和MMP-9在胃癌组织中的表达;探讨两者在胃癌浸润转移中的作用、相互关系及意义。方法采用免疫组织化学S-P法检测97例胃癌及癌旁组织、28例正常胃黏膜组织中Ets-1和MMP-9的表达。结果胃癌组织中Ets-1和MMP-9的阳性表达率分别为74.2%(72/97)、75.3%(73/97),均明显高于癌旁组织(40.2%、18.6%)及正常胃黏膜组织(17.9%、14.3%)(P0.01);而在癌旁组织及正常胃黏膜组织中两者的表达差异无显著性(P0.05)。Ets-1和MMP-9的阳性表达率在乳头状腺癌、管状腺癌及低分化腺癌与黏液癌之间差异有显著性(P0.01)。Ets-1和MMP-9的高表达与胃癌浸润深度、淋巴结转移及临床分期有关(P0.01),与性别、年龄、肿瘤大小及肿瘤位置均无关(P0.05)。Ets-1和MMP-9的表达成正相关(r=0.700,P0.01)。结论Ets-1和MMP-9高表达与胃癌的浸润、转移密切相关;通过上调MMP-9的表达,可能是Ets-1促进胃癌浸润转移的机制之一。     

New amino-dithiaphospholanes and phosphoramidodithioites and their rhodium and iridium complexes

New sulfur derivatives of phosphoramidite ligands were synthesized and the impact of the sulfur unit on the spectroscopic properties of their rhodium and iridium complexes was investigated. The new ligands Bn₂NPSCH₂CH₂S^a(P-S^a) (Bn = benzyl, 4), Bn₂NPSCHCHS^a(CH₂)₃C^aH₂(P-S^a)(C^a-S^a) (6) and Bn₂NP(4-XC₆H₄OMe)₂ (X = S, 7a; X = O, 7b) were converted to the rhodium and iridium complexes trans-[Rh(CO)Cl(L)₂] (L = 4, 6, 7), [RhCl(COD)(L)] (L = 4, 6, 7), [IrCl(COD)(7a)] and [IrCl₂Cp∗(6)]. For comparison, some phosphoramidite complexes of these formulations also were synthesized. The new metal complexes were spectroscopically analyzed. For the carbonyl complexes, the ν_CO IR stretching frequencies were lower than for the corresponding phosphite and phosphoramidite ligands. The ¹J_PRh coupling constants for the rhodium complexes with the new ligands were also smaller than for the respective phosphoramidite and phosphite complexes. Finally, the ¹J_PSe coupling constants of the selenides of the new ligands were lower than those of the phosphoramidite ligands but higher than for PPh₃. The spectroscopic data reveal that the new thio ligands 4, 6 and 7a are more electron donating than phosphites and phosphoramidites but less electron donating than PPh₃.     

Astrocytes and Synaptosomes Transport and Metabolize Lactate and Acetate Differently

Astrocytes transport the monocarboxylate acetate, but synaptosomes do not. The reason for this is unknown, because both preparations express monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). The transport and metabolism of lactate, another monocarboxylate, was examined in these two preparations, and the results were compared to those for acetate. Lactate transport is more rapid in astrocytes than in synaptosomes, but of lower affinity (Kms of 17 and 4 mM, respectively). Lactate (0.2 mM) is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in synaptosomes than in astrocytes (rates of 0.37 and 0.07 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). The reason for this is unclear, but cellular differences in lactate dehydrogenase isotype expression may be involved. Acetate is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in astrocytes than in synaptosomes (rates of 0.43 and 0.02 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). This is likely due to cellular differences in the expression of monocarboxylate transporter subtypes.     

Rapporteur report: Basics and technology and metrology and standards

The first and second sessions of the Workshop focussed on the basics of ultrasound and infrasound, their applications in both industry and medicine, and metrology and protection standards for ultrasound applications.     

白蚁与动物及微生物的共生类型及其机制

综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中,已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生（宾主共栖和异种共栖）、互利共生和无关共生三种;在与微生物的共生关系中,存在与内生菌（原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌）和外生菌（蚁巢伞菌等）间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题,给出了解决方案,并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向,为白蚁的综合利用（如纤维素酶）及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。     

Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on strontium and barium bone content and fecal and urinary excretion

To elucidate accumulation of minerals in human iliac arteries with aging, the content of minerals was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Bilateral common, internal, and external iliac arteries of 16 men and 8 women, ranging ages from 65 to 93 yr, were examined. It was found that an extremely high accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred in the common iliac artery at old age, being higher than that of the internal and external iliac arteries. It should be noted that the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus is the highest in the common iliac artery among the human arteries examined to date. Regarding sexual differences, the content of calcium and phosphorus in the common and internal iliac arteries was higher in women than in men, whereas their content in the external iliac artery was lower in women than in men.     

Oxidation and nitration of ribonuclease and lysozyme by peroxynitrite and myeloperoxidase

In spite of the many studies on protein modifications by reactive species, knowledge about the products resulting from the oxidation of protein-aromatic residues, including protein-derived radicals and their stable products, remains limited. Here, we compared the oxidative modifications promoted by peroxynitrite and myeloperoxidase/hydrogen peroxide/nitrite in two model proteins, ribonuclease (6Tyr) and lysozyme (3Tyr/6Trp). The formation of protein-derived radicals and products was higher at pH 5.4 and 7.4 for myeloperoxidase and peroxynitrite, respectively. The main product was 3-nitro-Tyr for both proteins and oxidants. Lysozyme rendered similar yields of nitro-Trp, particularly when oxidized by peroxynitrite. Hydroxylated and dimerized products of Trp and Tyr were also produced, but in lower yields. Localization of the main modified residues indicates that peroxynitrite decomposes to radicals within the proteins behaving less specifically than myeloperoxidase. Nitrogen dioxide is emphasized as an important protein modifier.     

Prostaglandin and thromboxane production by human and guinea-pig macrophages and leucocytes

The ability of partially purified human and guinea-pig haematogenous cell populations, when cultured in vitro, to metabolise arachidonic acid (AA) has been studied. Supernatants from 24 hour cell culture have been subjected to analysis for products of AA metabolism by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection.The cell types studied were human peripheral blood monocytes (both glass adherent and non-adherent), neutrophils, eosinophils and leukemic leucocytes; thoracic duct lymphocytes and lung alveolar macrophages. From the guinea-pig, induced and non-induced macrophage or neutrophil enriched peritoneal exudate populations, lymph node cells, peritoneal eosinophils and peripheral blood platelets were examined. Supernatants were assayed for the presence of PGE₂, PGD₂, PGF_2α, TXB₂ and 6-keto-PGF_1α. In all types studied PGE₂ and TXB₂ were the major products formed. The identification of PGE₂ and TXB₂ was confirmed by GC/MS with multiple ion monitoring.The results have been compared with other reports and their possible significance discussed in relation to the proposed role of prostaglandins as mediators and modulators in immunopathology.     

Antibacterial and Antifugal Mono- and Di-substituted Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Triazine-derived Schiff-bases and their Transition Metal Complexes

A new series of antibacterial and antifungal triazine-derived mono- and di-substituted (symmetrical and unsymmetrical) Schiff-bases and their cobalt(II), copper(II), nickel(II) and zinc(II) metal complexes have been synthesized and characterized by their elemental analyses, molar conductances, magnetic moments and IR and electronic spectral measurements. IR spectra indicated the ligands to act as tridentate towards divalent metal ions via a trazine-N, the azomethine-N and, indole-NH and deprotonated-O of salicylaldehyde. The magnetic moments and electronic spectral data suggest octahedral geometry for the Co(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II)complexes and square-pyramid for Cu(II) complexes. NMR spectral data of the ligands and their diamagnetic zinc(II) complexes well-define their proposed structures/geometries. Elemental analyses data of the ligands and metal complexes agree with their proposed structures/geometries. The synthesized ligands, along with their metal complexes were screened for their antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtillis, Shigella flexneri, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi and for antifungal activity against Trichophyton longifusus, Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus, Microsporum canis, Fusarium solani and Candida glaberata. The results of these studies show the metal complexes to be more antibacterial/antifungal against two or more species as compared to the uncomplexed Schiff-base ligands.