血清胱抑制素和血清转化因子-β1水平在新生儿窒息中的变化及意义

目的:探究血清胱抑制素C和血清转化因子-β1在新生儿窒息中的变化及其临床意义。方法:选取2012年1月至2016年9月我院收治的窒息新生儿46例作为窒息组,将同期出生的足月健康新生儿30例作为对照组。分别检测两组新生儿入院后第1、3、7天的血清转化因子-β1(TGF-β1)、血清胱抑制素C(Cys C)、血清尿素氮(BUN)、血清肌酐(Scr)及肾小球滤过率(GFR)水平的变化,并依据是否有肾功能损伤将窒息组46例新生儿分为正常组和损伤组,分析两组新生儿血清指标的变化差异。结果:入院后第1、3、7天,窒息组新生儿的TGF-β1、GFR呈现逐渐升高趋势,且均显著低于对照组(P0.05);而Cys C、BUN及Scr呈现降低趋势,且均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。肾功能损伤组的Cys C、BUN及Scr显著高于正常组,TGF-β1、GFR显著低于正常组(P0.05)。此外,损伤组的TGF-β1水平分别与血清BUN、Scr水平呈负相关关系,与GFR呈正相关关系;而血清Cys C水平分别于血清BUN、Scr呈正相关关系,与GFR呈负相关关系(P均0.05)。结论:窒息新生儿的血清TGF-β1、Cys C水平均较健康新生儿有显著性变化,并与患儿肾功能显著相关,对患儿肾功能损伤的早期诊断、病情及预后判断有一定的临床指导意义。     

全身稳恒磁场暴露对糖尿病动脉粥样硬化大鼠血浆和主动脉中重要细胞因子表达的调控作用

目的:探讨中等强度(4.0m T)的全身性稳恒磁场暴露对于糖尿病动脉粥样硬化大鼠血浆和主动脉中的重要细胞因子表达的调控作用。方法:将30只12周龄的雄性SD大鼠随机等分至空白对照组(Control)、糖尿病组(DM)及糖尿病磁场刺激组(DM+SMF),每组10只大鼠。DM组和DM+SMF组的大鼠采用链脲佐菌素STZ+维生素D3+高脂饮食协同作用法建立糖尿病性动脉粥样硬化模型,DM+SMF组的大鼠接受强度4.0m T全身稳恒磁场暴露,每天刺激2小时,连续刺激8周。Control组大鼠不施加任何药物或磁场干预,作为空白对照。8周后,处死全部大鼠,提取血液样本,检测血脂四项(血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇以及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇),并使用ELISA法检测血清血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)及白细胞介素6(IL-8)水平。使用PCR法检测主动脉中VEGF、TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6、半胱氨酸的天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶1(Caspase 1)以及NOD样受体蛋白3炎症小体(NLRP3)的m RNA表达。结果:DM+SMF大鼠血清总胆固醇、血清甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白和高密度脂蛋白含量显著低于DM组(P0.05),血清VEGF、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6及IL-8蛋白表达及其在主动脉组织中m RNA表达、主动脉组织中Caspase 1和NLRP3m RNA表达均显著减少(P0.05)。结论:中等强度(4 m T)的稳恒磁场刺激对糖尿病性动脉粥样硬化发生和发展的对抗作用可能与其对重要细胞因子(如VEGF、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8、Caspase 1及NLRP3)的表达调控作用相关。     

2型糖尿病合并高血压患者血清同型半胱氨酸水平与肾功能和颈动脉粥样硬化的相关性分析

摘要 目的：探讨2型糖尿病（T2DM）合并高血压患者血清同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）水平与肾功能和颈动脉粥样硬化的关系。方法：回顾性分析2018年7月~2021年5月安徽省第二人民医院收治的168例T2DM患者的临床资料,按照是否合并高血压分为T2DM合并高血压组（合并组）87例和单纯T2DM组（T2DM组）81例,另选取同期健康体检者87例为对照组,比较各组血清Hcy水平、肾功能指标[血清肌酐（Scr）、尿液肌酐（CR）、尿微量白蛋白/肌酐(ACR)、尿免疫球蛋白G/肌酐(IGU/CR)、尿转铁蛋白/肌酐(TRU/CR)、尿α1-微量球蛋白/肌酐(α1/CR)、肾小球滤过率（eGFR）]及左侧、右侧颈动脉内膜中层厚度（IMT）、Crouse积分,Pearson相关性分析Hcy水平与肾功能指标、IMT、Crouse积分的相关性。结果：合并组、T2DM组血清Hcy、Scr、CR、ACR、IGU/CR、TRU/CR、α1/CR水平及左侧IMT、右侧IMT、Crouse积分高于对照组,且合并组以上指标高于T2DM组（P＜0.05）;合并组、T2DM组eGFR水平低于对照组,且合并组低于T2DM组（P＜0.05）;Pearson相关性分析结果显示：T2DM合并高血压患者血清Hcy水平与Scr、CR、ACR、IGU/CR、TRU/CR、α1/CR水平及左侧IMT、右侧IMT、Crouse积分呈正相关（P＜0.05）,与eGFR水平呈负相关（P＜0.05）。结论：T2DM合并高血压患者血清Hcy水平异常升高,其与患者肾功能损伤及颈动脉粥样硬化有关。     

阿托伐他汀联合厄贝沙坦对老年早期糖尿病肾病患者肾功能及微炎症状态的影响

目的:探讨阿托伐他汀联合厄贝沙坦对老年早期糖尿病肾病(DN)患者肾功能及微炎症状态的影响。方法:选取2016年4月到2017年2月在我院肾内科接受治疗的老年早期DN患者84例,根据随机数字表法将患者分为对照组和观察组,各42例。对照组给予厄贝沙坦进行治疗,观察组给予阿托伐他汀联合厄贝沙坦进行治疗。比较两组患者的尿微量白蛋白排泄率(UAER)及两组患者血肌酐(Scr)、血尿素氮(BUN)、β2微球蛋白(β2-MG)、白细胞介素-1(IL-1)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平,并比较两组患者治疗过程中出现的不良反应。结果:治疗后两组患者的UAER、Scr、BUN、β2-MG水平均降低,且观察组的UAER、Scr、BUN、β2-MG均低于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后两组患者血清中IL-1、TNF-α水平均降低,IL-10水平升高(P0.05);治疗后观察组血清中IL-1、TNF-α水平低于对照组,IL-10水平高于对照组(P0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:阿托伐他汀联合厄贝沙坦对老年早期DN患者有较好的治疗效果,可显著改善患者的肾功能,减轻微炎症状态,且安全性较好,值得临床推广应用。     

2型糖尿病视网膜病变患者血清Chemerin、TNF-α及Cys C水平变化及其临床意义

目的:研究2型糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)患者血清趋化素(Chemerin)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)及胱抑素C(Cys C)的水平变化及临床意义。方法:以114例2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者为研究对象,分为非DR(NDR)组42例、非增生型DR(NPDR)组38例和增生型DR(PDR)组34例。另外选取38例健康体检者作为正常对照(NC)组。记录并比较四组的临床检查及生化指标及血清Chemerin、TNF-α和Cys C水平,并分析患者临床检查、生化指标与Chemerin、TNF-α、Cys C的相关性以及DR的危险因素。结果:NDR组、NPDR组、PDR组的体质量指数(BMI)、收缩压(SBP)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、空腹血糖(FPG)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HONA-IR)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、Chemerin、TNF-α、Cys C水平均高于NC组,且三组SBP、HbA1c、FPG、HONA-IR、血清Chemerin、TNF-α和Cys C水平逐渐递增(P0.05)。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,血清Chemerin、TNF-α、Cys C与SBP、HbA1c、FPG、HONA-IR、TG、TC、LDL-C均呈正相关关系(P0.05),且Chemerin、Cys C、TNF-α三者亦呈正相关关系(P0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,HONA-IR、HbA1c、Chemerin、Cys C和TNF-α均为DR的独立危险因素。结论:高水平Chemerin、TNF-α和Cys C可能与DR的发生、发展有关,三者互相促进,均为DR发生发展的独立危险因素,可用于DR患者的早期诊断及其病情严重程度的判断。     

2型糖尿病患者APPL1、AFABP与胰岛素抵抗指数的相关性研究

目的:分析2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者磷酸酪氨酸衔接蛋白(APPL1)、脂肪细胞型脂肪酸结合蛋白(AFABP)与稳态模型评估胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)的相关性。方法:选择2015年6月~2016年5月至我院就诊T2DM患者100例作为患病组,选取同期在我院健康体检者100例作为健康组,对研究对象进行指标如空腹血糖(FPG)、空腹血清胰岛素(FINS)、糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、APPL1、AFABP等检测,并根据公式计算HOMA-IR、及体重指数(BMI),分析APPL1、AFABP与各指标相关性。结果:患病组与健康组TC、HDL、LDL水平无明显差异(P0.05),患病组BMI、FPG、FINS、Hb A1c、TG、HOMA-IR、APPL1、AFABP与健康组比较明显较高(P0.05);APPL1与BMI、FINS、Hb A1c、HOMA-IR呈负相关性(P0.05),与FPG呈正相关性;AFABP与BMI、FPG、FINS、Hb A1c、HOMA-IR呈正相关性(P0.05)。结论:T2DM患者APPL1、AFABP较高,APPL1、AFABP与HOMA-IR呈直线相关性,表明APPL1、AFABP与T2DM患者胰岛素抵抗密切相关,该研究为APPL1、AFABP可以作为T2DM治疗的新靶点提供了理论依据。     

灯盏花素注射液联合前列腺素E1对2型糖尿病肾病患者血脂及血清IL-6、TNF-α和hs-CRP水平的影响

目的:研究灯盏花素注射液联合前列腺素E1对2型糖尿病肾病患者的血脂及血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和C反应蛋白(CPR)水平的影响。方法:收集2014年6月至2015年6月我院收治的80例2型糖尿病肾病患者,按抽签法分为实验组和对照组,每组40例。对照组采用前列腺素E1静脉滴注治疗,实验组在对照组基础上加用灯盏花素注射液治疗。观察和比较两组的治疗疗效,治疗前后血脂总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、尿微量白蛋白(UAE)、血肌酐(Scr)、血清尿素氮(BUN)、IL-6、TNF-α、hs-CRP水平的变化。结果:治疗后,实验组总有效率为92.50%,显著高于对照组(72.5%,P0.05);TC、TG、UAE、Scr、BUN、血清IL-6、TNF-α、hs-CRP水平均显著低于对照组(P0.05);两组不良反应总发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:灯盏花素注射液联合前列腺素E1可显著提高2型糖尿病肾病的疗效,有效调节血脂水平,抑制炎症反应,保护肾功能,减少白蛋白漏出。     

2型糖尿病肾病患者血清HIF-1α、ChREBP与糖脂代谢、肾功能的关系及其诊断价值分析

摘要 目的：探讨2型糖尿病肾病（T2DKD）患者血清缺氧诱导因子-1α（HIF-1α）、碳水化合物反应元件结合蛋白（ChREBP）与糖脂代谢、肾功能的关系及其诊断价值。方法：选取2021年1月～2022年1月我院收治的100例T2DKD患者为T2DKD组,另选取同期100例单纯T2DM患者T2DM组,选取我院同期100名体检健康者为对照组。检测血清HIF-1α、ChREBP和糖脂代谢指标[空腹血糖（FBG）、餐后2hFBG（2hFBG）、血红蛋白A1c（HbA1c）、稳态模型评估-胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）、总胆固醇（TC）、三酰甘油（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）]、肾功能指标[尿白蛋白/肌酐比（UACR）、估计肾小球滤过率（eGFR）]。采用Pearson相关性分析T2DKD患者血清HIF-1α、ChREBP水平与糖脂代谢、肾功能指标的相关性,受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析血清HIF-1α、ChREBP水平对T2DKD的诊断价值。结果：对照组、T2DM组、T2DKD组血清HIF-1α、ChREBP、FBG、2hFBG、HbA1c、HOMA-IR、TC、TG、LDL-C、UACR水平依次升高,HDL-C、eGFR依次降低（P＜0.05）。Pearson相关性分析显示,T2DKD患者血清HIF-1α、ChREBP水平与FBG、HbA1c、HOMA-IR、TC、TG、LDL-C、UACR呈正相关,与HDL-C、eGFR呈负相关（P＜0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示,血清HIF-1α、ChREBP水平单独和联合诊断T2DKD的曲线下面积分别为0.784、0.787、0.882,HIF-1α、ChREBP水平联合诊断的曲线下面积大于各指标单独预测（P＜0.05）。结论：T2DKD患者血清HIF-1α、ChREBP水平升高与糖脂代谢紊乱和肾功能降低有关,血清HIF-1α、ChREBP水平联合诊断T2DKD具有一定价值。     

缬沙坦对糖尿病大鼠肾脏中内质网应激及炎症反应的抑制作用

目的探讨内质网应激(endoplasmic reticulum stress,ERS)及相关炎症反应在糖尿病大鼠肾脏损害中的作用及血管紧张素II受体拮抗剂缬沙坦对其的影响。方法采用腹腔注射链脲佐菌素方法建立糖尿病肾病大鼠模型。将大鼠随机分为对照组(Con组)、糖尿病组(DM组)、缬沙坦组(DM+V组)。缬沙坦组每日灌胃给予缬沙坦(10 mg/kg)共6周。应用免疫组化法及Western blot方法检测ERS相关蛋白P-IRE1α、P-JNK及中性粒细胞趋化因子MCP-1的表达及定位,实时荧光定量PCR(FQ-PCR)检测IRE1α、JNK及MCP-1mRNA的表达变化,同时观察各组大鼠尿蛋白、BUN、Scr等指标的变化。结果与Con组相比,DM组大鼠肾脏病理炎细胞浸润加重,PIRE1α、IRE1α、P-JNK、MCP-1蛋白表达上调,IRE1αmRNA、MCP-1mRNA表达水平上调;与DM组相比,DM+V组肾脏病理炎症细胞浸润减轻,P-IRE1α、IRE1α、P-JNK、MCP-1蛋白表达下调,IRE1αmRNA、MCP-1 mRNA表达水平下调。3组间JNK mRNA及蛋白表达无明显差异。结论糖尿病大鼠肾脏中存在内质网应激和炎症反应的激活,缬沙坦可能部分通过抑制内质网应激中的IRE1/JNK/MCP-1通路,减少炎症反应,从而发挥肾脏保护作用。     

糖尿病肾病(DN)患者血清脂肪特异性丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂(Vaspin)水平的变化及其与炎症因子的关系研究

目的:分析糖尿病肾病(Diabetic Nephropthy,DN)患者血清脂肪特异性丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂(Vaspin)水平的变化及其与炎症因子的关系。方法:将我院近期(2016年10月-2019年10月)收治100例DN患者设置为DN组,依据DN临床进展分期分组,39例白蛋白尿正常者设置为A组、40例早期DN微量蛋白尿者设置为B组、21例临床DN大量蛋白尿者设为C组,并选取同期于我院的健康体检健康者50例设置为健康组。检测和比价各组糖脂代谢水平、血清Vaspin、炎性因子水平,并进行相关性分析。结果:四组入组者脂代谢各项指标水平相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。而DN组中A组、B组、C组患者血清糖代谢水平均明显高于健康组(P0.05)。DN组各组Vaspin、TNF-α、IL-6、MCP-1水平均高于健康组(P0.05)。C组、B组、A组IL-6、TNF-α、MCP-1升高,Vaspin降低(P0.05)。A组IL-10水平高于健康组(P0.05)。其余各组间比较(P0.05)。各组Vaspin水平与促炎因子IL-6、TNF-α、MCP-1水平呈负相关(P0.05),与抗炎因子IL-10水平无关(P0.05)。结论:随着疾病的严重程度增加,DN患者血清vaspin呈上升趋势,且与患者的炎症因子呈负相关。检测vaspin水平的变化有助于临床对该病的防治。     

白蚁与动物及微生物的共生类型及其机制

综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中,已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生（宾主共栖和异种共栖）、互利共生和无关共生三种;在与微生物的共生关系中,存在与内生菌（原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌）和外生菌（蚁巢伞菌等）间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题,给出了解决方案,并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向,为白蚁的综合利用（如纤维素酶）及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。     

New amino-dithiaphospholanes and phosphoramidodithioites and their rhodium and iridium complexes

New sulfur derivatives of phosphoramidite ligands were synthesized and the impact of the sulfur unit on the spectroscopic properties of their rhodium and iridium complexes was investigated. The new ligands Bn₂NPSCH₂CH₂S^a(P-S^a) (Bn = benzyl, 4), Bn₂NPSCHCHS^a(CH₂)₃C^aH₂(P-S^a)(C^a-S^a) (6) and Bn₂NP(4-XC₆H₄OMe)₂ (X = S, 7a; X = O, 7b) were converted to the rhodium and iridium complexes trans-[Rh(CO)Cl(L)₂] (L = 4, 6, 7), [RhCl(COD)(L)] (L = 4, 6, 7), [IrCl(COD)(7a)] and [IrCl₂Cp∗(6)]. For comparison, some phosphoramidite complexes of these formulations also were synthesized. The new metal complexes were spectroscopically analyzed. For the carbonyl complexes, the ν_CO IR stretching frequencies were lower than for the corresponding phosphite and phosphoramidite ligands. The ¹J_PRh coupling constants for the rhodium complexes with the new ligands were also smaller than for the respective phosphoramidite and phosphite complexes. Finally, the ¹J_PSe coupling constants of the selenides of the new ligands were lower than those of the phosphoramidite ligands but higher than for PPh₃. The spectroscopic data reveal that the new thio ligands 4, 6 and 7a are more electron donating than phosphites and phosphoramidites but less electron donating than PPh₃.     

Astrocytes and Synaptosomes Transport and Metabolize Lactate and Acetate Differently

Astrocytes transport the monocarboxylate acetate, but synaptosomes do not. The reason for this is unknown, because both preparations express monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). The transport and metabolism of lactate, another monocarboxylate, was examined in these two preparations, and the results were compared to those for acetate. Lactate transport is more rapid in astrocytes than in synaptosomes, but of lower affinity (Kms of 17 and 4 mM, respectively). Lactate (0.2 mM) is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in synaptosomes than in astrocytes (rates of 0.37 and 0.07 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). The reason for this is unclear, but cellular differences in lactate dehydrogenase isotype expression may be involved. Acetate is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in astrocytes than in synaptosomes (rates of 0.43 and 0.02 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). This is likely due to cellular differences in the expression of monocarboxylate transporter subtypes.     

Rapporteur report: Basics and technology and metrology and standards

The first and second sessions of the Workshop focussed on the basics of ultrasound and infrasound, their applications in both industry and medicine, and metrology and protection standards for ultrasound applications.     

Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on strontium and barium bone content and fecal and urinary excretion

To elucidate accumulation of minerals in human iliac arteries with aging, the content of minerals was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Bilateral common, internal, and external iliac arteries of 16 men and 8 women, ranging ages from 65 to 93 yr, were examined. It was found that an extremely high accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred in the common iliac artery at old age, being higher than that of the internal and external iliac arteries. It should be noted that the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus is the highest in the common iliac artery among the human arteries examined to date. Regarding sexual differences, the content of calcium and phosphorus in the common and internal iliac arteries was higher in women than in men, whereas their content in the external iliac artery was lower in women than in men.     

Chemokines and cytokines: axis and allies in asthma and allergy

Allergic asthma can be precipitated by many factors. For the atopic person, fungus, pollen, dust mites, cockroach antigens, and diesel exhaust are all agents that may trigger an allergic attack. Cytokines and chemokines are integral mediators of fungal asthma. From the earliest time points, they recruit and activate the cells required for the clearance of fungus as well as being critical factors involved in the immunopathology of this disease. In the final analysis, it is clear that these mediators can act to the benefit or the detriment of the host.     

Oxidation and nitration of ribonuclease and lysozyme by peroxynitrite and myeloperoxidase

In spite of the many studies on protein modifications by reactive species, knowledge about the products resulting from the oxidation of protein-aromatic residues, including protein-derived radicals and their stable products, remains limited. Here, we compared the oxidative modifications promoted by peroxynitrite and myeloperoxidase/hydrogen peroxide/nitrite in two model proteins, ribonuclease (6Tyr) and lysozyme (3Tyr/6Trp). The formation of protein-derived radicals and products was higher at pH 5.4 and 7.4 for myeloperoxidase and peroxynitrite, respectively. The main product was 3-nitro-Tyr for both proteins and oxidants. Lysozyme rendered similar yields of nitro-Trp, particularly when oxidized by peroxynitrite. Hydroxylated and dimerized products of Trp and Tyr were also produced, but in lower yields. Localization of the main modified residues indicates that peroxynitrite decomposes to radicals within the proteins behaving less specifically than myeloperoxidase. Nitrogen dioxide is emphasized as an important protein modifier.     

Prostaglandin and thromboxane production by human and guinea-pig macrophages and leucocytes

The ability of partially purified human and guinea-pig haematogenous cell populations, when cultured in vitro, to metabolise arachidonic acid (AA) has been studied. Supernatants from 24 hour cell culture have been subjected to analysis for products of AA metabolism by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection.The cell types studied were human peripheral blood monocytes (both glass adherent and non-adherent), neutrophils, eosinophils and leukemic leucocytes; thoracic duct lymphocytes and lung alveolar macrophages. From the guinea-pig, induced and non-induced macrophage or neutrophil enriched peritoneal exudate populations, lymph node cells, peritoneal eosinophils and peripheral blood platelets were examined. Supernatants were assayed for the presence of PGE₂, PGD₂, PGF_2α, TXB₂ and 6-keto-PGF_1α. In all types studied PGE₂ and TXB₂ were the major products formed. The identification of PGE₂ and TXB₂ was confirmed by GC/MS with multiple ion monitoring.The results have been compared with other reports and their possible significance discussed in relation to the proposed role of prostaglandins as mediators and modulators in immunopathology.