肿瘤相关成纤维细胞对非小细胞肺癌恶性生物学行为影响

目的:探讨肿瘤相关成纤维细胞(Tancer Associated Fibroblast,TAF)对非小细胞肺癌(Non-small Cell Lung Cancer,NSCLC)恶性生物学行为的影响。方法:选取在本院肿瘤科住院手术的非小细胞肺癌患者,收集术后肺癌标本,马松三色染色(Masson Trichrome Stain)和天狼星红染色(Sirius Red Stain)观察肺癌组织(Lung Cancer Tissue,LCT)、癌旁组织(Pericarcinomatous Tissue,PCT)和正常组织(Normal Tissue,NT)中TAF的表达情况;体外将非小细胞肺癌细胞A549与非小细胞肺癌成纤维细胞P-gp共培养,CCK-8检测共培养前后A549细胞增殖能力;细胞划痕和Trans-well实验分别检测A549细胞迁移和侵袭能力;q RT-PCR和Western blot检测A549细胞上皮间质转化(Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition,EMT)标志蛋白E-cadherin、N-cadherin和Vimentin的表达。结果:Masson和Sirius染色结果显示:肺癌组织中纤维的表达明显高于癌旁组织;与P-gp共培养的A549细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭能力及上皮间质转化相关蛋白N-cadherin和Vimentin表达均明显高于阴性对照组(P0.05),而E-cadherin的表达明显降低(P0.05)。结论:TAF可能通过诱导非小细胞肺癌细胞EMT的发生从而促进非小细胞肺癌的增殖、迁移和侵袭等恶性生物学行为。     

五味子乙素联合紫杉醇对非小细胞肺癌细胞上皮-间充质转化的作用

[目的]探讨五味子乙素联合紫杉醇是否通过调控PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路抑制非小细胞肺癌细胞上皮-间充质转化。[方法]选择人肺癌A549细胞,设PBS对照组、紫杉醇、五味子乙素、紫杉醇+五味子乙素组、紫杉醇+五味子乙素+PI3K抑制剂LY294002组。采用CCK-8检测细胞增殖;流式细胞术分析细胞凋亡及细胞周期;划痕实验检测细胞迁移能力;Transwell小室实验检测细胞侵袭能力;免疫荧光染色检测N-cadherin、Vimentin分布;qRT-PCR检测细胞E-Cadherin、N-Cadherin、Vimentin、Snail、Slug mRNA表达;Western Blotting检测E-Cadherin、N-Cadherin、Vimentin、Snail、Slug、p-PI3K、p-Akt、p-mTOR蛋白表达。[结果]与PBS对照组比较,紫杉醇+五味子乙素组细胞增殖率明显降低、细胞凋亡率明显增加(P<0.05),E-Cadherin mRNA和蛋白表达量明显增加,N-Cadherin、Vimentin、Snail、Slug mRNA和蛋白表达量明显降低(P&l...     

鸦胆子油乳注射液可能通过调节JAK2/STAT3信号通路抑制胰腺癌AsPC-1细胞上皮–间质转化

该文旨在探讨鸦胆子油乳注射液(简称鸦胆子油乳)调节JAK2/STAT3信号通路对胰腺癌细胞上皮–间质转化(EMT)的影响。将胰腺癌AsPC-1细胞分为对照组、鸦胆子油乳低剂量组、鸦胆子油乳中剂量组、鸦胆子油乳高剂量组、鸦胆子油乳高剂量+Colivelin(JAK2/STAT3激活剂)组。该研究采用细胞划痕实验检测细胞迁移; Transwell实验检测细胞侵袭; MTT、EdU检测细胞增殖;流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率; qRT-PCR检测细胞JAK2 mRNA、STAT3 mRNA表达; Western blot检测细胞JAK2/STAT3通路、E-cadherin、N-cadherin、Vimentin蛋白表达水平。结果显示,与对照组相比,鸦胆子油乳低、中、高剂量组细胞活力、增殖率、细胞划痕愈合率、侵袭细胞个数、JAK2mRNA、STAT3 mRNA、N-cadherin、Vimentin、p-JAK2/JAK2、p-STAT3/STAT3表达水平显著降低,细胞凋亡率和细胞E-cadherin表达水平显著升高(P<0.05)。与鸦胆子油乳高剂量组相比,鸦胆子油乳高剂量+Colive...     

沙棘总黄酮抑制肺癌A549增殖和迁移作用及机理

为探究三种沙棘总黄酮(TFH)对非小细胞肺癌A549细胞增殖及迁移的影响,并探讨其分子作用机制,选择不同浓度的西藏沙棘(Hippophae tibetana Schlecht)、中国沙棘(H.rhamnoides L.subsp.sinensis Rousi)、肋果沙棘(H.neurocarpa)总黄酮作用于A549细胞。通过MTT检测细胞相对活力,平板克隆形成实验及软琼脂克隆形成实验检测细胞克隆形成能力,流式细胞仪AnnexinV/PI双染法检测细胞凋亡比例。选择效果最佳的西藏沙棘总黄酮应用细胞划痕实验及Transwell实验分析该化合物对肺癌细胞迁移侵袭能力的影响。Western blot检测MMP9、E-cadherin等侵袭迁移相关蛋白表达。敲低E-cadherin基因检测沙棘总黄酮对细胞迁移能力的影响。结果显示,三种沙棘总黄酮均对A549细胞系具有增殖抑制作用,抑制作用依次为:西藏沙棘中国沙棘肋果沙棘。西藏沙棘总黄酮可显著性抑制非小细胞肺癌A549细胞侵袭迁移能力(P0.05)。实验组中MMP9、MMP2、TGF-β、N-cadherin表达水平显著降低,E-cadherin表达水平上调。我们发现在A549细胞中敲低E-cadherin,西藏沙棘总黄酮可逆转迁移增加。以上研究表明西藏沙棘总黄酮对肺癌A549增殖抑制作用具有明显的优势,且西藏沙棘总黄酮可明显抑制肺癌A549细胞的侵袭迁移能力,并可能与下调细胞中的TGF-β抑制MMP9表达并阻止肺癌EMT有关。     

过表达Snail增强肺癌细胞A549的体外侵袭能力

用锌指转录因子Snail诱导肺癌细胞A549发生上皮细胞-间质转化(epithelial-mesenchymal transition,EMT),检测肺癌发生EMT后细胞侵袭能力的变化,为临床筛选分子靶向药物提供依据.构建pcDNA3.1-snail载体,用pcDNA3.1-snail及空pcDNA3.1载体转染肺癌A549细胞后,进行G418筛选;光镜观察培养后细胞形态学的改变、免疫细胞化学与免疫荧光检测细胞表达E-钙黏着蛋白(E-cadherin)、波形蛋白(vimentin)的改变,Western印迹检测细胞中E-钙黏着蛋白和波形蛋白的改变,Transwell侵袭小室法进行细胞体外侵袭能力检测.采用pcDNA3.1-snail转染细胞后,A549细胞变得细长,细胞融合度降低.免疫细胞化学、免疫荧光、Western印迹结果显示,E-钙黏着蛋白表达降低,波形蛋白表达升高;transwell侵袭小室法结果显示,过表达Snail的A549细胞穿透matrigel胶的细胞数明显增多.结果提示,Snail能有效诱导肺癌发生EMT,并且能增强肺癌的体外侵袭能力.     

脐带间充质干细胞恶性分化并促进肺癌A549细胞移植瘤生长及转移

目的探讨人脐带来源的间充质干细胞(human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells,hUCMSCs)对裸鼠肺癌移植瘤生长及转移的影响。方法将24只裸鼠随机分为4组,分别为A549细胞单独注射组(A549组)、hUCMSCs单独注射组(MSCs组)、A549细胞与正常人皮肤成纤维细胞(skin fibroblasts,SKs)共同注射组(A549+SKs组)、hUCMSCs与A549细胞共注射组(A549+MSCs组)。HE染色和免疫组织化学染色确定hUCMSCs注射裸鼠皮下结节性质;流式细胞分选技术分选出各组移植瘤瘤组织中的A549细胞;实时荧光定量PCR和Westernblot检测A549细胞中上皮-间质转化(epithelial-mesenchymal transition,EMT)相关分子标志物的表达差异。结果 hUCMSCs注射后,hUCMSCs发生恶性分化,hUCMSCs与A549细胞共注射后肺癌移植瘤体积明显大于单独A549注射组和A549与SKs共注射组;2只A549与hUCMSCs共注射组裸鼠出现了肺癌肝脏转移,而A549组与A549+SKs组的全部6只裸鼠均没有发现肝脏转移。A549与MSCs共注射组A549细胞中上皮表型特征分子E-cadherin、β-catenin mRNA相对表达量和β-catenin蛋白表达水平高于A549组与A549+SKs组,E-cadherin蛋白表达水平明显高于A549+SKs组,间质表型特征分子N-cadherin和vimentin蛋白表达水平明显低于A549组与A549+SKs组,EMT转录调控因子twist蛋白表达水平低于A549组与A549+SKs组。结论 hUCMSCs可以自我恶性分化;hUCMSCs能促进肺癌A549细胞移植瘤的生长与转移;hUCMSCs增强A549细胞侵袭、转移的机制不是通过诱导A549细胞发生EMT(上皮-间质转化)。     

鼻咽癌ALDH1~+细胞具有上皮细胞-间质转化的性质

目的:探讨鼻咽癌ALDH1+细胞是否具有上皮细胞-间质转化的性质。方法:利用ALDEFLUOR试剂分选鼻咽癌ALDH1+细胞和ALDH1-细胞,Transwell及Boyden小室实验分析ALDH1+细胞和ALDH1-细胞的侵袭、迁移能力;实时定量PCR及Western blot检测E-cadherin、Vimentin、Snail及Twist基因在ALDH1+细胞和ALDH1-细胞mRNA和蛋白表达水平。结果:与ALDH1-细胞相比,ALDH1+细胞侵袭及迁移能力明显高于ALDH1-细胞;而且ALDH1+细胞中E-cadherin的mRNA和蛋白水平明显低于ALDH1-细胞,相反,ALDH1+细胞中Vimentin、Snail及Twist的mRNA和蛋白水平明显高于ALDH1-细胞。结论:鼻咽癌ALDH1+细胞可能具有上皮-间质转化的性质,这将为阐明肿瘤细胞在侵袭、转移中的机制提供理论基础。     

Slug和E-cadherin在非小细胞肺癌恶性胸水细胞中的表达变化

目的研究锌指转录因子Slug、E-cadherin和Vimentin在非小细胞肺癌恶性胸水细胞中的表达。方法应用免疫细胞化学和western blot检测Slug、E-cadherin和Vimentin在非小细胞肺癌胸水中的表达。结果在121例非小细胞肺癌胸水中,Slug、E-cadherin和Vimentin的阳性表达率分别为35.5%(43/121)、71.9%(87/121)和39.71%(48/121),在非小细胞肺癌细胞中Slug和E-cadherin阳性表达率均高于正常胸水,Slug表达的增强通常伴随E-cadherin表达下调及Vimentin表达的增强。结论 Slug与E-cadherin在胸水中非小细胞肺癌细胞中的表达呈负相关,在胸水中提取非小细胞肺癌细胞,研究Slug和E-cadherin,Vimentin的表达及其在上皮间质转化中的调节作用对探讨肿瘤细胞在人体中的转移进展很有意义。     

烟草诱导的M2型巨噬细胞对肺癌细胞侵袭转移的影响

为探究烟草提取物(cigarette smoke extract, CSE)对单核细胞THP-1的趋化作用及CSE活化后的肿瘤相关巨噬细胞(tumor-associated macrophages, TAMs)对非小细胞肺癌(non-small-cell lung cancer, NSCLC) A549和PC-9细胞侵袭迁移的影响,该文用CSE处理THP-1细胞96 h后, ELISA检测TGF-β、TNF-α、IL-10、IL-12的蛋白表达水平, qRT-PCR检测TGF-β、TNF-α、IL-10、IL-12的mRNA表达水平,流式细胞术检测CD163+的表达水平, Western blot检测p-STAT6/STAT6的蛋白表达水平。CSE活化的TAMs与NSCLC细胞共培养, Western blot检测TAMs对NSCLC细胞EMT(Ecadherin和Vimentin)的影响; Transwell检测TAMs对NSCLC细胞侵袭迁移的影响。结果显示, CSE诱导THP-1细胞的表型向M2型TAMs方向分化(TGF-β、CD163+上升, TNF-α、IL-12下降, P0.05)。pSTAT6/STAT6通路参与CSE诱导THP-1细胞的M2型转化。CSE诱导的TAMs促进NSCLC细胞发生EMT(E-cadherin下降和Vimentin上升),进而促进其侵袭迁移(P0.05)。以上结果表明, CSE通过pSTAT6/STAT6诱导THP-1发生M2型TAMs的活化,活化后的TAMs促进NSCLC细胞发生EMT和侵袭迁移。     

KIF26B在非小细胞肺癌发生发展过程中的表达与功能研究

驱动蛋白与肿瘤的发生有密切联系，但对 KIF26B驱动蛋白在非小细胞肺癌的表达和相关功能作用的研究甚少。为了探索KIF26B在非小细胞肺癌中的表达水平及潜在机制，通过干扰KIF26B后探索对非小细胞肺癌增殖、侵袭、迁移、细胞周期、凋亡以及相关蛋白表达量的影响。对mRNA TCGA 数据库信息分析得出，KIF26B基因在非小细胞肺癌中高表达。qRT-PCR 检测 KIF26B在几株常见非小细胞肺癌细胞系中的表达水平，筛选出 KIF26B在A549 和 NCI-H292细胞系中高表达。利用 RNA干扰技术(RNA interference, RNAi)敲低 A549 和 NCI-H292细胞的 KIF26B基因，通过CCK8、采用实时细胞分析仪、平板克隆及 Transwell 实验检测敲低 KIF26B基因后的生物学功能，免疫印迹法检测蛋白表达水平。结果显示，敲低KIF26B后A549 和 NCI-H292细胞增殖明显降低，侵袭及迁移能力明显减弱。敲低KIF26B后阻碍了A549 和 NCI-H292细胞从G1期向S期的转变，同时凋亡细胞明显增多，与之相关的细胞周期蛋白 D1、Bcl-2、E-cadherin和Vimentin的表达水平显著下调，同时活化的半胱天冬酶-3（active Caspase-3）和其剪切底物 PARP1 的剪切体（cleaved PARP1）表达水平显著上调。结果表明KIF26B可能作为非小细胞肺癌发生的促癌基因，参与了非小细胞肺癌的发生及发展过程。KIF26B有望成为非小细胞肺癌治疗的潜在靶点。     

壳聚糖酶的克隆表达与壳寡糖的制备分析

目的:克隆壳聚糖酶基因于大肠杆菌中实现高表达,制备壳寡糖。方法:以枯草芽孢杆菌总DNA为模板扩增壳聚糖酶基因(CSN),克隆至载体pET23a(+)上,转化菌株BL21(DE3)。重组子经0.5 mmol/L IPTG诱导后,SDS-PAGE和质谱检测与鉴定重组酶。酶纯化后水解壳聚糖,薄层色谱分析其水解产物。结果:质谱证明壳聚糖酶(31.5kDa)成功表达,表达量占菌体总蛋白的45%左右。纯化后重组酶浓度为900 mg/L,纯度95%、回收率85%,酶活力为10 000 U/mg。壳聚糖降解产物为壳二糖至壳四糖。结论:原核表达载体pET23a(+)-CSN构建正确,壳聚糖酶表达量与活性高,适用于水解壳聚糖制备壳寡糖。     

国内外蝗害治理技术现状与展望

本文首先概述了国内外蝗虫发生与为害的态势,总结了现阶段我国蝗虫发生与为害的主要特点:即农田飞蝗暴发频繁而且严重,草原土蝗的发生时常造成严重的经济损失,而且侵入城市干扰市民生活,我国与周边国家之间蝗虫过境迁移频繁,使用化学农药污染环境和农产品;分析了国内外蝗虫防治对策与技术的发展现状,重点介绍了应急防治和可持续治理对策、...     

Kinetics and thermodynamics of peroxidase- and laccase-catalyzed oxidation of N-substituted phenothiazines and phenoxazines

N -substituted phenothiazines (PTs) and phenoxazines (POs) catalyzed by fungal Coprinus cinereus peroxidase and Polyporus pinsitus laccase were investigated at pH 4–10. In the case of peroxidase, an apparent bimolecular rate constant (expressed as k _cat/K _m) varied from 1 ×10⁷M⁻¹s⁻¹to 2.6×10⁸M⁻¹s⁻¹ at pH 7.0. The constants for PO oxidation were higher in comparison to PT. pH dependence revealed two or three ionizable groups with pK _a values of 4.9–5.7 and 7.7–9.7 that significantly affected the activity of peroxidase. Single-turnover experiments showed that the limiting step of PT oxidation was reduction of compound II and second-order rate constants were obtained which were consistent with the constants at steady-state conditions. Laccase-catalyzed PT and PO oxidation rates were lower; apparent bimolecular rate constants varied from 1.8×10⁵M⁻¹s⁻¹ to 2.0×10⁷M⁻¹s⁻¹ at pH 5.3. PO constants were higher in comparison to PT, as was the case with peroxidase. The dependence of the apparent bimolecular constants of compound II or copper type 1 reduction, in the case of peroxidase or laccase, respectively, was analyzed in the framework of the Marcus outer-sphere electron-transfer theory. Peroxidase-catalyzed reactions with PT, as well as PO, fitted the same hyperbolic dependence with a maximal oxidation rate of 1.6×10⁸M⁻¹s⁻¹ and a reorganization energy of 0.30 eV. The respective parameters for laccase were 5.0×10⁷M⁻¹s⁻¹ and 0.29 eV. Received: 20 September 1999 / Accepted: 24 February 2000     

Coiled-coil nanomechanics and uncoiling and unfolding of the superhelix and alpha-helices of myosin

The nanomechanical properties of the coiled-coils of myosin are fundamentally important in understanding muscle assembly and contraction. Force spectra of single molecules of double-headed myosin, single-headed myosin, and coiled-coil tail fragments were acquired with an atomic force microscope and displayed characteristic triphasic force-distance responses to stretch: a rise phase (R) and a plateau phase (P) and an exponential phase (E). The R and P phases arise mainly from the stretching of the coiled-coils, with the hinge region being the main contributor to the rise phase at low force. Only the E phase was analyzable by the worm-like chain model of polymer elasticity. Restrained molecular mechanics simulations on an existing x-ray structure of scallop S2 yielded force spectra with either two or three phases, depending on the mode of stretch. It revealed that coiled-coil chains separate completely near the end of the P phase and the stretching of the unfolded chains gives rise to the E phase. Extensive conformational searching yielded a P phase force near 40 pN that agreed well with the experimental value. We suggest that the flexible and elastic S2 region, particularly the hinge region, may undergo force-induced unfolding and extend reversibly during actomyosin powerstroke.     

Synthesis of hapten and conjugates of coumestrol and development of immunoassay

3-O-Carboxymethylcoumestrol was prepared as the hapten for immunoassay by a partial alkylation of coumestrol with ethyl chloroacetate in acetone alkalized with potassium carbonate. 3-O-Ethoxycarbonylmethylcoumestrol was separated by column chromatography and finally was hydrolyzed with formic acid. 1H and 13C NMR data (APT, COSY, HMQC, and HMBC) revealed that the reaction was regioselective, as 3-O-ethoxycarboxymethylcoumestrol was the only monosubstituted derivative. The hapten was then conjugated to bovine serum albumin and used for immunization of rabbits. A radioimmunoassay (RIA) system was established based on the polyclonal antiserum and a 125I-labeled hapten-tyrosine methyl ester conjugate as the radioligand. Parameters of the RIA: sensitivity: 12 pg per tube, 50% intercept: 140 pg per tube, working range: 20-4000 pg per tube. The cross-reactivity of a panel isoflavonoid and lignan phytoestrogens was either negligible (e.g. formononetin 0.07%; biochanin A 0.06%) or not detectable at all. The major immunoreactive peak in HPLC fractions from an alfalfa extract had the same retention time as coumestrol standard and represented 94.8% of the signal. The remaining 5.2% of immunoreactivity was distributed between five minor peaks. We conclude that after the validation for particular matrices, the method will be a useful tool for analysis of coumestrol, especially in low volume and low concentration samples.     

白术同源四倍体的诱导和鉴定及其与二倍体过氧化物酶的比较

以白术（Atractylodes macrooephala Koidz.）二倍体组培苗为材料,对其四倍体诱导方法进行研究,共获得45个白术同源四倍体株系,为优良株系的选育提供了材料。此外,还分析比较了其中8个白术四倍体株系与二倍体的过氧化物酶同工酶（POD）的酶谱差异,发现四倍体各株系过氧化物酶同工酶谱比二倍体的均多了Rf0.310的谱带,且总过氧化物酶比活力也发生了很大改变,对探讨白术四倍体优良株系的生理生化机理具有一定的参考价值。     

Effect of soil salinity and water stresses on growth and content of nitrogen,chloride and phosphate of wheat and triticale

Summary Three wheats and one triticale were grown, up to flowering stage, in pots on calcareous soil adjusted to a range of salinities (S₁=3.5, S₂=6, S₃=8.5, and S₄=11 mmhos/cm, 20°C, soilpaste extract) by adding solution consisting of 3∶2∶1 of Na-, Ca- and Mg chlorides in chemical equivalent amounts. Moisture in the pots was kept at 100% (W₁), 40% (W₂) and 20% (W₃) of the available water. The vegetative growth, nitrogen and phosphate were affected by S and W treatments, chloride was affected only by S. The interaction S×W affected only dry weight. Varietal effect was observed between wheat as a group and triticale. Multiple quadratic regression equations of these properties on salinity and water revealed that the higher the available water the wider the range of tolerable salinity. Triticale was relatively more tolerant to water stress. Salinity increases Cl and decreases N, whereas water stress enhances N accumulation to a certain extent. However, in triticale at S₃ and S₄ the effect of water stress on N was overshadowed by the excessive salinity. This did not occur for the wheat (Florence). P trends were described. R² for P was low (0.7435–0.3603) which made interpretations rather difficult.     

放牧对牧草光合作用、呼吸作用和氮、碳吸收与转运的影响

研究放牧对草地植物生理活动的影响,对于揭示草地放牧演替的生理机制有重要意义.大量研究表明,家畜放牧对牧草光合作用、呼吸作用以及C和N吸收与转运的影响,可以分为生理伤害和生理恢复2个阶段.放牧通过改变草地冠层结构影响牧草光合作用,净光合作用速率短期内迅速下降,随着叶面积指数增加又逐渐上升,呼吸作用有相似的变化趋势.牧草放牧后再生长所需的C和N最初主要来自根系和留茬中的贮藏物质,此后随着牧草生长恢复逐渐由同化作用供给,C代谢与土壤N水平负相关.放牧后牧草生理活动变化与牧草遗传特性、种间竞争、家畜放牧特征、非生物环境等因素密切相关.