根结线虫对文冠果苗木根系结构与生长及矿质养分分布特性的影响北大核心CSCD

以根结线虫侵染的文冠果一年生苗木为材料,观察分析苗木根系的形态和显微结构,植株生长发育以及主要矿质养分在苗木中的分布特性,并分析不同矿质元素与线虫侵染的关联关系,以揭示根结线虫对文冠果苗木生长发育的影响机制。结果表明:(1)受根结线虫侵染的文冠果苗木根系形成根结,依据根结发生程度分为0(对照,正常植株)、2、3、4级;与对照相比,具有根结的文冠果苗木根系解剖结构特征主要表现为皮层相对较厚,木质部排列扭曲,导管较少,射线数目较少且分布不均匀;韧皮细胞内含物明显较多;多个巨细胞及细胞空腔主要存在于韧皮部。(2)具根结的苗木株高和地径较对照均增加,且株高增幅达显著水平(P<0.05)。(3)具根结苗木根、茎、叶部位的N、P含量均较对照下降,根部降幅达显著水平(P<0.05),其中具2~4级根结的根部N含量分别较对照显著下降7.8%、16.0%和29.5%,P含量分别显著下降15.6%、7.1%和43.3%;根部Fe含量、Zn含量显著上升,2~4级根结根系中Fe含量较对照分别增加1.56倍、0.81倍和3倍,Zn含量分别增加1.11倍、1.56倍和1.78倍;具3和4级根结的苗木根系中K含量较对照显著增加(P<0.05),具2和4级根结的苗木叶片中K含量较对照分别显著下降61.5%和47.0%。(4)苗木根部、茎部N元素含量对于根结线虫侵染的响应最明显,且其含量随侵染程度的增大而降低,叶部Mg元素含量与根结线虫侵染率、K元素含量与整株苗木生物量均呈显著负相关关系(P<0.05)。该研究为根结线虫对文冠果苗木养分吸收利用及运转的影响提供了一定的理论依据。     

不同水肥条件下AM真菌对丹参幼苗生长和营养成分的影响

利用盆栽接种试验,探讨不同水肥条件下AM真菌摩西球囊霉Glomus mosseae对丹参幼苗生长和微量元素的影响,为丹参水肥合理施用提供理论依据。结果表明,不同水肥条件下,接种AM真菌显著提高了根系侵染率和生物量。40%相对含水量、不同施P水平,接种株丹参酮含量升高,总黄酮、丹参素及地下部总酚酸含量降低,植株Zn及地上部Ca、K、Mn、Fe含量升高,而对植株Mg、Cu和地下部Ca、K、Mn、Fe无显著影响;接种效应随施P量不同而变化。70%相对含水量、不同施P水平,接种株药用成分含量显著升高,植株Ca、Mn和地上部K、Cu及地下部Fe和Zn含量升高,而对植株Mg、地下部K、Cu和地上部Fe和Zn含量无显著影响。不同水分和同一施P水平,接种株丹参酮含量升高,地上部Ca、K和地下部Zn含量升高,接种效应因土壤含水量不同而变化,其中以70%含水量时效果最好。说明AM真菌能促进宿主植物根系对水分和矿质元素的吸收与利用,提高水分和P肥利用率,降低水分和P胁迫对丹参的伤害程度,其中以70%相对含水量,施P量为0.16 gP/kg土时AM真菌对丹参的接种效果最佳。     

喷施茉莉酮酸甲酯及感染内生真菌对羽茅生长的影响

以天然禾草羽茅为试验材料,外源喷施茉莉酮酸甲酯(MJ)模拟食草昆虫的采食,研究感染内生真菌(染菌)和不染菌羽茅生长及生理等方面的差异.结果表明:MJ处理显著降低了羽茅地上部分生长,显著提高了其防御物质总酚和木质素的含量,并降低了蚜虫种群数量.染菌能显著增加羽茅的分蘖数及地上总酚和木质素的含量,但地上生物量和地下总酚含量受到MJ处理的影响,在不喷施MJ的对照中,染菌与否对羽茅的地上部生物量及地下总酚含量无显著影响,而MJ处理下,染菌植株的地上生物量显著低于不染菌植株,而地下总酚含量显著高于不染菌植株.染菌能显著降低羽茅上蚜虫的种群数量,而且这一影响被MJ处理所促进,当受到3次MJ喷施处理后,染菌羽茅上不再有蚜虫.表明内生真菌感染能够改变宿主植物在生长和防御之间的物质分配,MJ处理则进一步促进染菌植株以牺牲生长为代价而提高其防御能力.     

内生真菌促进玉米幼苗的抗旱性研究

在温室盆栽条件下,将从玉米中分离的内生真菌Alternaria sp.AS1113、Chaetomium sp.AS1221、Colletotrichum sp.AS1716和Penicillium sp.AS1618回接到玉米幼苗根系,并进行正常水分和干旱胁迫培养处理。结果表明在正常水分和干旱胁迫下,与不接菌对照相比,接种Chaetomium sp.AS1221和Penicillium sp.AS1618显著提高玉米幼苗的株高。与不接菌对照相比,在正常水分下接种4种内生真菌对玉米幼苗的地上、地下和总生物量均无显著影响,而在干旱胁迫下接种Chaetomium sp.AS1221显著提高玉米幼苗的地上生物量,接种Chaetomium sp.AS1221和Penicillium sp.AS1618显著增加玉米幼苗的地下生物量和总生物量。在正常水分和干旱胁迫下,接种Chaetomium sp.AS1221和Penicillium sp.AS1618的玉米幼苗的地上生物量、地下生物量和总生物量均显著高于接种Alternaria sp.AS1113。与不接菌对照相比,在正常水分下接种Alternaria sp.AS1113显著降低玉米幼苗叶的可溶性糖含量,接种Colletotrichum sp.AS1716和Penicillium sp.AS1618显著降低玉米幼苗叶的过氧化物酶(POD)活性,而在干旱胁迫下接种4种内生真菌对玉米幼苗根系和叶的可溶性糖含量和POD活性均无显著影响。结果表明内生真菌Chaetomium sp.AS1221和Penicillium sp.AS1618对促进玉米幼苗的抗旱能力效果好于Alternaria sp.AS1113和Colletotrichum sp.AS1716。     

模拟酸雨对盆栽樟树（Cinnamomum camphora）幼苗叶矿质元素含量的影响

采用盆栽方法,以不同pH值（3.0、4.0、5.0）的模拟酸雨溶液对樟树幼苗进行浇灌处理,研究不同酸度酸雨对樟树幼苗叶矿质元素含量的影响。结果表明,各酸雨处理后樟树幼苗叶矿质元素含量都受到一定程度的影响,N、P、Ca、Mg、Fe、Al、Cu、Mn、Ni含量均较对照有所增加;C、K、Zn含量有所减少。S、Cd、Pb含量变化表现为：pH3.0处理S、Cd含量增加,Pb含量下降;pH4.0处理S、Cd、Pb含量均下降;pH5.0处理S、Cd含量减少,Pb含量增加。相关分析则表明,酸液pH值与樟树幼苗叶中N、Mn含量呈显著负相关。该项研究可为南方城市绿化树种的选择提供理论依据。     

铜处理对菠菜幼苗矿质营养吸收和细胞超微结构的影响

土壤重金属积累严重影响植物生长和生态系统平衡,探寻植物对重金属的耐性机理尤为重要.菠菜可能具有一定的耐铜性,但Cu对其矿质元素吸收、细胞超微结构等方面的耐性机理尚不明确.本研究以菠菜幼苗为研究对象,通过盆栽试验,探究不同浓度铜处理对菠菜幼苗生长、矿质元素吸收、叶片细胞超微结构等指标的影响.结果表明: 100 mg·L^-1 CuSO₄处理浓度时,菠菜幼苗根Cu²⁺积累量小于地上部,其根系生长量增加,地上部生长量稍有下降,继续增加铜处理浓度,植物体各器官生长参数均呈下降趋势.低浓度铜处理时(<400 mg·L^-1 CuSO₄),菠菜幼苗叶N、K、Ca、Mg、Fe含量增加,P含量减少;根N、P、K含量减少,Ca、Mg、Fe含量增加;叶片细胞内各细胞器清晰可见,基粒片层排列仍较为整齐,叶绿体内外膜完整.高浓度铜处理时(>600 mg·L^-1 CuSO₄),菠菜幼苗叶N含量增加,P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe含量减少;根N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe含量均减少;叶片细胞内叶绿体变圆,叶绿体膜变薄,基质、基粒片层变少,层堆积高度下降,细胞核解体,液泡、细胞壁中有黑色小点分布,可能是大量Cu²⁺聚集导致细胞内膨压增大所致.低浓度铜处理并未对菠菜幼苗的生长生理特性产生明显的负面影响,而高浓度铜处理并未终止菠菜幼苗的生长.说明菠菜幼苗具有一定的耐铜性.     

黄芪幼苗对镉胁迫的生理响应机制

以我国传统药用植物黄芪(Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.)Bunge)幼苗为材料,在水培条件下系统研究了不同程度Cd胁迫对黄芪生长发育、矿质元素吸收转运以及次生代谢产物积累的影响。25~200μmol·L^-1Cd处理显著抑制了黄芪幼苗根系和地上部的生长并引起了植株MDA含量的显著升高以及新生叶片光合色素含量的降低,表明Cd处理对黄芪幼苗造成了较为明显的伤害。植株中吸收的Cd主要积累在黄芪幼苗根系,而运输到地上部的Cd积累规律为顶端<中部<基部,显示出黄芪幼苗可以通过对Cd的区域化降低其在地上部新生组织的积累。Cd处理降低了植株对多种矿质营养元素的吸收和转运,但是Ca和Mg却分别在地上部顶端和基部出现了明显的含量升高,推测其可能与降低Cd在新生组织的毒害作用以及提高老叶的Cd耐性有关。此外,根系中4种异黄酮物质的含量在Cd处理下明显升高,黄芪皂苷Ⅰ-Ⅳ的含量则被Cd处理所降低,暗示着异黄酮而非皂苷类物质在黄芪幼苗根系应对Cd胁迫中发挥了积极作用。     

水位和氮浓度对三江藨草幼苗生长和生物量分配的影响

以莫莫格国家级自然保护区常见植物三江藨草(Scirpus nipponicus)为研究对象,设置低(5 cm)、中(35 cm)、高(65 cm) 3个水位和低(4 mmol·L-1)、中(8 mmol·L-1)、高(12mmol·L-1) 3个氮浓度交互的室内控制实验,探究不同水位和氮浓度对湿地植物三江藨草幼苗生长及生物量分配的影响。结果表明:水位对三江藨草幼苗生长、生物量及其分配均产生显著影响(P<0.05),随着水位的升高,三江藨草株高增加,分株数、球茎数及根生物量降低,根茎、球茎、地下、地上和总生物量均呈先增加后降低的趋势;植株地上生物量分配增加,地下(包括根和球茎)生物量分配降低;氮浓度仅对植株株高、球茎数以及地下与地上部分的生物量分配有显著影响(P<0.05),对分株数及生物量的累积均无显著影响(P>0.05);综合三江藨草幼苗的生长特征和生物量累积,认为其生长的最适宜水位为35 cm;且低水位有利于植株对氮的吸收,高水位和高氮浓度限制植株的生长。     

丛枝菌根真菌种间差异对柚苗营养生长及矿质含量的影响

在温室盆栽条件下研究了3种AM真菌Gigaspora margarita、Glomus mosseae和Glomus versiforme对长寿沙田柚(Citrus grandis cv. Changshou Shatian You)无菌苗营养生长及矿质含量的影响.结果表明,接种AM真菌的植株均有效地被感染;与对照相比,接种AM真菌能显著促进植株地上和地下部分生长,尤其促进了须根的生长,接种Glomus mosseae处理的主根长度比对照增加了22.7％,侧根数量增加了35.7％,须根数量和总长分别增加了160.8％和103.2％;接种AM真菌显著地提高了叶片的N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Zn、Cu和Mn含量,与对照相比,3种真菌处理的P含量分别增加了46.8％、88.7％和32.3％.3种AM真菌处理中,以接种Glomus mosseae处理营养生长最好,菌根依赖性最大,矿质元素N、P、K、Ca、Zn和Cu的含量最高,其效应顺序为Glomus mosseae＞Gigaspora margarita＞Glomus versiforme,可见,3种AM真菌对长寿沙田柚生长均有正效应,以Glomus mosseae最为显著,为长寿沙田柚适宜的优良菌种（株）.     

高寒矮嵩草草甸群落植物多样性和初级生产力对模拟降水的响应

通过野外控制实验,研究了高寒矮嵩草草甸群落植物多样性、初级生产力对模拟降雨条件的响应.结果表明: 1 在植物生长期 6月 ,增加降雨20%、增加降雨40%,植物群落物种多样性指数 H 和均匀度指数 J 分别比对照提高了0.188和0.011、0.735和0.076,生长期 7月 增加降雨20%物种H和J提高了0.409和0.07; 2 禾草类:增加降雨20%处理的地上生物量与对照相比没有明显的显著性差异 P>0.05 ,增加降雨40%处理的地上生物量与对照相比差异显著 P<0.05 ,说明过多增加降雨会抑制禾草的生长发育.杂类草:减少降雨50%处理的地上生物量与对照相比差异显著 P<0.05 ,其地上生物量对减少降雨的反映比较敏感.莎草类:其地上生物量对增加和减少降雨都没有显著变化; 3 0～10cm和0～30cm土层地下生物量均在增加降雨20%时最高,地下生物量的总量也在增加降雨20%时最高; 4 矮嵩草草甸地下生物量与地上生物量、总生物量的比值接近于生长季末时最大,且在模拟增加降雨20%的水平时,7、8、9月份地下和地上生物量较其它处理组高.     

海水处理下菊芋幼苗生理生化特性及磷效应的研究

种植抗盐耐海水植物是合理利用和开发海涂资源的有效措施之一。该试验研究了海水处理下菊芋(Helianthus tuberosus)幼苗生长发育、渗透物质积累、保护性酶活性、膜透性和离子吸收分布情况及磷素对其影响。结果表明:1)10%海水对菊芋幼苗生长发育没有抑制作用,甚至有一定的促进作用,25%海水胁迫对菊芋幼苗形态发育上具有一定抑制作用,增加磷素浓度后,能显著缓解其抑制作用;2)10%和25%海水处理下,脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量较对照显著增加,随着时间的延长,先增加后降低,增加磷素浓度后,能显著增加菊芋幼苗叶片脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量;3)海水处理下菊芋幼苗叶片SOD、POD和CAT活性都显著增加,增加磷素浓度后,能显著增强菊芋幼苗叶片SOD、POD和CAT活性;4)10%海水处理菊芋幼苗叶片MDA含量与对照差异不大,甚至小于对照,25%海水处理能显著增加MDA含量及膜透性,增加磷素浓度后,均降低了MDA含量和膜透性;5)随着海水浓度增加和时间延长,菊芋幼苗地上部和根部Na⁺和Cl^-含量显著增加,增加磷素浓度后,均能降低地上部和根部Na⁺和Cl^-含量,而地上部和根部K⁺、Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺含量较对照增加,增加磷素浓度后,均能增加K⁺、Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺含量。由此可见,磷素能够改善菊芋幼苗的营养状况,同时能够增强其抗盐性。     

文冠果一、二年生植株根系内生菌的分离、鉴定和固氮活性

该文对文冠果(Xanthoceras sorbifolia)根系内生菌的种类和固氮活性进行了首次报道。试验以田间栽培的文冠果一、二年生植株为材料, 以Ashby和YMA为培养基, 对根系内生菌进行了分离, 通过对菌落形态的观察, 划线挑取单菌落培养, 并对7个代表性的单菌落进行扩大培养, 提取其DNA, 采用细菌16S rDNA通用引物序列进行PCR扩增, 胶回收、测序后, 进行Blast比对分析。试验结果表明: YMA培养基上的菌落数量和种类均明显多于Ashby培养基上的菌落。田间一年生文冠果与田间二年生文冠果的根系内生菌情况存在差异。一年生文冠果的根系内生菌数量与种类略多于二年生文冠果。一年生文冠果根系中分离得到的主要内生菌为成团泛菌(Pantoea agglomerans)、根癌土壤杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)和产酸克雷伯菌(Klebsiella oxytoca)等; 田间二年生文冠果根系中分离得到的主要内生菌为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)细菌。固氮活性测定结果表明, 在所分离的7个菌株中, 6个测到了固氮酶活性, 其中鉴定为产酸克雷伯菌的菌株固氮酶活性显著高于其他菌株, 达到9.688 nmol·mg^-1·h^-1, 为文冠果固氮菌肥的菌种的筛选奠定了基础。     

Nutritional and root development factors affecting growth of tissue culture plantlets of loblolly pine

Tissue culture plantlets of loblolly pine ( Pinus taeda L.) were compared to seedlings to quantify growth and developmental differences. The two plant types were grown in containers in a greenhouse and sampled periodically for twenty weeks. Dry weights and nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations of the shoots and roots were determined every two weeks.
During the twenty weeks in the greenhouse, seedlings grew to a greater size than the plantlets, but the relative rates of growth were approximately equal. Plantlets had significantly lower concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus per g of shoot dry weight. Seedlings were much more efficient at nutrient uptake per g of dry weight of root. Plantlets had thick, unbranched roots, which were inefficient at nitrogen and phosphorus uptake. Nutrient uptake based on an index of root surface area was equal in the plantlets and seedlings.
The main differences between plantlets and seedlings apparently were related to root system morphology rather than physiological processes. The uptake of nutrients showed the greatest difference between the plant types.     

Evaluation of plant growth promoting and colonization ability of endophytic diazotrophs from deep water rice

A study of the diversity of endophytic bacteria present in seeds of a deepwater rice variety revealed the presence of seven types of BOX-PCR fingerprints. In order to evaluate the plant growth promoting potential the presence of nitrogenase, indole acetic acid production and mineral phosphate solubilization were estimated in the representative BOX-PCR types. The seven representatives of BOX-PCR types produced indole acetic acid, reduced acetylene and showed specific immunological cross-reaction with anti-dinitrogenase reductase antibody. Only four types showed mineral phosphate solubilizing ability. Comparison of cellulase and pectinase activities showed differences among different BOX-PCR types. PCR fingerprinting data showed that one strain isolated from the surface sterilized seeds as well as the aerial parts of the seedlings of rice variety showed low cellulase and pectinase but relatively high ARA. On the basis of 16S rDNA nucleotide sequence and BIOLOG system of bacterial identification, this strain was identified as Pantoea agglomerans. For studying the endophytic colonization this strain was genetically tagged with the reporter gene, gusA. Histochemical analysis of the seedling grown in hydroponics showed that the tagged strain colonized the root surface, root hairs, root cap, points of lateral root emergence, root cortex and the stelar region. Treatment of the roots with 2,4-D produced short thickened lateral roots which showed better colonization by P. agglomerans.     

THE EFFECT OF AERATION ON THE GROWTH OF SPARTINA ALTERNIFLORA LOISEL.

A greenhouse experiment was designed to investigate the correlations between waterlogging and aeration, and associated changes in pH, redox potentials and sulfide concentrations, on the growth of Spartina alterniflora Loisel. Elemental concentrations of the aerial and root material were determined and used for correlations with growth response. Redox potentials adjusted to pH 7 (Eh 7) ranged from −184 mv to 5 mv and were highly correlated (r) with aerial and root dry weight biomass (.97 and .97, respectively) and plant height (1.0). The range of soil pH at the conclusion of the study was 6.07 to 6.74 and was negatively correlated with aerial and root dry weight biomass. Sulfide concentrations ranged from 10–² to 10–⁷ m and vorrelations with aerial and root dry weights and height were −.85, −.85 and −.87, respectively. High negative correlations were found between sodium and sulfur concentrations and S. alterniflora growth. Positive correlations between potassium, phosphorus, manganese, zinc, copper, iron and growth response were also observed. Correlations of elemental concentrations of the plants with redox potentials and/or pH suggest that these two physical variables may be responsible in part for the regulation of 5. alterniflora growth in nature by regulating availability of nutritional elements.     

Growth-Regulating Substances and the Growth of Tiller Buds in Barley; Effects of Cytokinins

An hypothesis was set up from which it was predicted that applicationof cytokinin to barley seedlings grown without mineral nutrientswould lead to rapid growth of the coleoptile and first leaftiller buds. Application of cytokinins to the leaves was ineffective,but supplying a number of known cytokinins by steeping the rootsof 4 d old seedlings in solution for 4 h led to significantgrowth of the coleoptile bud. Adenine and cytokinin analogueshad no effect. Supplying cytokinins through the roots also furtherenhanced the growth of buds of plants given mineral nutrients.Cytokinin treatment reduced root dry matter, with small reductionsin mean axis length and number of lateral roots. For plantsnot given mineral nutrients reduction in root weight was compensatedby an increase in weight of the aerial parts; however, for plantssupplied with mineral nutrients this was not so and the lowerroot weight resulted in a smaller total plant dry weight. An interpretation of tiller bud growth in terms of control byinteracting effects of mineral nutrition, assimilate supply,and cytokinin availability is proposed.     

Root-associated bacteria contribute to mineral weathering and to mineral nutrition in trees: a budgeting analysis

The principal nutrient source for forest trees derives from the weathering of soil minerals which results from water circulation and from plant and microbial activity. The main objectives of this work were to quantify the respective effects of plant- and root-associated bacteria on mineral weathering and their consequences on tree seedling growth and nutrition. That is why we carried out two column experiments with a quartz-biotite substrate. The columns were planted with or without pine seedlings and inoculated or not with three ectomycorrhizosphere bacterial strains to quantify biotite weathering and pine growth and to determine how bacteria improve pine growth. We showed that the pine roots significantly increased biotite weathering by a factor of 1.3 for magnesium and 1.7 for potassium. We also demonstrated that the inoculation of Burkholderia glathei PML1(12) significantly increased biotite weathering by a factor of 1.4 for magnesium and 1.5 for potassium in comparison with the pine alone. In addition, we observed a significant positive effect of B. glathei PMB1(7) and PML1(12) on pine growth and on root morphology (number of lateral roots and root hairs). We demonstrated that PML1(12) improved pine growth when the seedlings were supplied with a nutrient solution which did not contain the nutrients present in the biotite. No improvement of pine growth was observed when the seedlings were supplied with all the nutrients necessary for pine growth. We therefore propose that the growth-promoting effect of B. glathei PML1(12) mainly resulted from the improved plant nutrition via increased mineral weathering.     

Root-Associated Bacteria Contribute to Mineral Weathering and to Mineral Nutrition in Trees: a Budgeting Analysis

The principal nutrient source for forest trees derives from the weathering of soil minerals which results from water circulation and from plant and microbial activity. The main objectives of this work were to quantify the respective effects of plant- and root-associated bacteria on mineral weathering and their consequences on tree seedling growth and nutrition. That is why we carried out two column experiments with a quartz-biotite substrate. The columns were planted with or without pine seedlings and inoculated or not with three ectomycorrhizosphere bacterial strains to quantify biotite weathering and pine growth and to determine how bacteria improve pine growth. We showed that the pine roots significantly increased biotite weathering by a factor of 1.3 for magnesium and 1.7 for potassium. We also demonstrated that the inoculation of Burkholderia glathei PML1(12) significantly increased biotite weathering by a factor of 1.4 for magnesium and 1.5 for potassium in comparison with the pine alone. In addition, we observed a significant positive effect of B. glathei PMB1(7) and PML1(12) on pine growth and on root morphology (number of lateral roots and root hairs). We demonstrated that PML1(12) improved pine growth when the seedlings were supplied with a nutrient solution which did not contain the nutrients present in the biotite. No improvement of pine growth was observed when the seedlings were supplied with all the nutrients necessary for pine growth. We therefore propose that the growth-promoting effect of B. glathei PML1(12) mainly resulted from the improved plant nutrition via increased mineral weathering.     

干旱和复水对文冠果生长及生理生态特性的影响

以文冠果2年生盆栽苗为材料,以21.8%～23.7%土壤含水量为对照,设置轻度干旱(14.3%～16.2%)、中度干旱(10.6%～12.5%)和重度干旱(6.8%～8.7%)3个干旱胁迫,研究干旱和复水对文冠果生长及生理生态特性的影响.结果表明: 随着干旱胁迫的加剧,文冠果单株干质量、株高、基径、叶数和叶面积减小,主根和一级侧根长度增加;文冠果叶片气体交换各参数均逐渐降低,在10:00-14:00,净光合速率(P_n)的大小主要受气孔因素影响,14:00以后影响P_n的主要因素是非气孔因素;中度干旱和重度干旱胁迫下,文冠果对CO₂利用效率显著提高.随着干旱胁迫的加剧,PSⅡ潜在活性(F_v/F_o)、PSⅡ最大光化学量子产量(F_v/F_m)、光化学猝灭系数(q_P)、表观电子传递效率(ETR)和实际光化学量子产量(Ф_PSⅡ)逐渐减小,非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ)逐渐增大,复水后变化相反.复水后第8天,F_v/F_o、F_v/F_m、q_P、ETR、Ф_PSⅡ显著高于各胁迫处理第30天.随着干旱胁迫的加剧,超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶活性升高,过氧化氢酶活性降低,丙二醛含量增加,复水后变化相反.复水后各干旱胁迫处理根系活力明显升高.文冠果有极强的适应极度干旱环境的能力,可以作为能源或园林植物在华北园林绿化中广泛应用.     

Growth responses of tropical forage plant species to vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae

Summary Growth and mineral uptake of twenty-four tropical forage legumes and grasses were compared under glasshouse conditions in a sterile low P oxisol, one part inoculated and the other not inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi. Shoot and root dry weights and total uptake of P, N, K, Ca, and Mg of all the test plants were significantly increased by mycorrhizal inoculation. Mycorrhizal inoculation, with few exceptions, decreased the root/shoot ratio. Non-mycorrhizal plants contained always lower quantities of mineral elements than mycorrhizal plants. Plant species showed differences in percentage mycorrhizal root length and there was no correlation between percentage mycorrhizal infection and plant growth parameters. A great variation in dependence on mycorrhiza was observed among forage species. Total uptake of all elements by non-mycorrhizal legumes and uptake of P, N and K by non-mycorrhizal grasses correlated inversely with mycorrhizal dependency. Mycorrhizal plants of all species used significantly greater quantities of soil P than the nonmycorrhizal plants. Utilization of soil P by non-mycorrhizal plants was correlated inversely with mycorrhizal dependency.