非小细胞肺癌患者化疗前后外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的变化

目的:探讨非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者细胞化疗前后T淋巴细胞亚群的变化及其意义.方法:采用流式细胞术检测NSCLC患者及健康对照者外周血中CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+及NK细胞的比例.结果:与对照组比较,NSCLC患者化疗前及化疗后CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+、NK细胞含量均显著降低(P＜0.01);化疗后CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+、NK细胞比例与化疗前比较均显著升高(P＜0.05);化疗前后CD8+细胞比例无显著变化(P＞0.05).治疗后疾病控制组(DCR)患者的CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+及NK细胞均显著高于治疗后进展(PD)组患者组(P＜0.05);CD8+细胞的比例无显著性变化(P＞0.05).结论:NSCLC患者细胞免疫功能低下,通过流式细胞术检测患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群及NK细胞的变化对评估患者的细胞免疫功能及肿瘤化疗疗效具有重要的临床意义.     

Toll样受体4结合脂多糖对天然调节性T细胞抑制功能的影响及其机制

探讨Toll样受体4结合脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)对天然调节性T细胞(natural regulatory T cells,n Tregs)抑制功能的影响及其机制。采用磁珠分选健康人外周血中n Tregs,并用流式细胞术检测分选纯度后进行原代细胞培养。将不同浓度的LPS(10μg/m L,1μg/m L,0.1μg/m L)分别加入抗TLR4单抗封闭的n Tregs(即anti-TLR4+LPS组)和正常n Tregs(即Non anti-TLR4组)两组细胞、同时设定不加LPS作为对照组。采用实时定量PCR和酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)检测各组n Tregs中IL-10、TGF-β的m RNA表达水平和细胞培养上清液中蛋白含量。采用CFSE法流式细胞术检测不同浓度LPS处理的n Tregs与CD4+T效应细胞混合培养后CD4+T细胞的增殖水平。Western blotting检测LPS刺激后n Tregs的胞浆及胞核中NF-κBP65蛋白表达水平。结果分选得到的n Tregs纯度82%(84.52±2.10)%。Non anti-TLR4组n Treg细胞中IL-10的m RNA表达水平和培养上清液中蛋白含量均较对照组和anti-TLR4组显著增加(p0.05),且anti-TLR4组n Treg细胞IL-10的m RNA和培养上清液蛋白含量均较对照组显著降低(p0.05);Non anti-TLR4组n Treg细胞中TGF-β的的m RNA表达水平和培养上清液中蛋白含量均较对照组和anti-TLR4组均显著降低(p0.05),且anti-TLR4组n Treg细胞中TGF-β的m RNA表达水平和培养上清液中蛋白含量较对照组显著增高(p0.05)。n Tregs可显著抑制CD4+T细胞的增殖,且与CD3/CD28抗体活化的阳性对照组相比有差异(p0.05)。Non anti-TLR4组中,CD4+T细胞增殖指数较对照组显著降低(p0.05);anti-TLR4组中,CD4+T细胞增殖指数较阴性对照组显著增加(p0.05),较阳性对照组亦明显增加(p0.05)。1μg/m L LPS刺激后,Non anti-TLR4组n Tregs胞浆蛋白中NF-κBp65的含量较对照组降低,而胞核中则相应增加;anti-TLR4组则无明显变化。因此本研究认为,n Tregs膜型TLR4与LPS相互结合,可促使n Tregs抑炎性因子(IL-10,TGF-β)m RNA表达水平和分泌含量产生变化,可增强对效应性CD4+T细胞增殖的抑制功能,其变化机制可能与NF-κB信号分子活化相关。     

肾移植后恶性肿瘤患者调节性免疫细胞的变化研究

目的:探讨肾移植后发生恶性肿瘤患者调节性免疫细胞的变化。方法:收集2010年5月-2018年3月来我院进行肾移植手术的患者,肿瘤组共20例患者,病理诊断为肾脏及输尿管恶性肿瘤,对照组共20例患者,移植肾功能稳定;分离各组患者外周血淋巴细胞,流式细胞术检测调节性T细胞(Treg细胞)、调节性B细胞(Breg细胞)和滤泡调节性T细胞(Tfr细胞)的比例。结果:流式细胞学检测的结果发现,淋巴细胞中CD4~+T细胞比例在对照组和肿瘤组之间没有显著的差别(P0.05),肿瘤组中CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg细胞比例显著的高于对照组,增加了1.29倍(P0.05);CD19+B细胞比例在对照组和肿瘤组之间没有显著的差别(P0.05),肿瘤组中CD19+TGF-β+Breg细胞比例显著的高于对照组,增加了2.69倍(P0.05);肿瘤组中CD4+CXCR5+Foxp3+Tfr细胞比例显著的高于对照组,增加了2.74倍(P0.05)。结论:肾移植后发生恶性肿瘤患者外周血中Treg细胞、Tfr细胞和Breg细胞比例均显著升高,我们的研究为肾移植后临床用药和免疫状态的检测提供了一定的理论依据。     

高迁移率族蛋白通过Toll样受体4降低天然调节性T细胞的抑制功能及其机制

探讨Toll样受体4的内源性配体高迁移率族蛋白(high mobility group box protein 1,HMGB1)对天然调节性T细胞(natural regulatory T cells,n Tregs)抑制功能的影响及其机制。磁珠法分选健康人外周血中n Tregs,流式细胞术检测分选纯度后进行原代细胞培养。将不同浓度的HMGB1(0.01μg/m L,0.1μg/m L,1μg/m L)分别加入抗TLR4单抗封闭的n Tregs(即anti-TLR4+HMGB1组)和正常n Tregs(即Non anti-TLR4组)两组细胞、同时设定不加HMGB1作为对照组。采用实时定量PCR和酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)检测各组n Tregs中IL-10、TGF-β和IFN-γ的m RNA表达水平和细胞培养上清液中蛋白含量。采用CFSE法流式细胞术检测不同浓度HMGB1处理的n Tregs与CD4+T效应细胞混合培养后CD4+T细胞的增殖水平。Westernblotting检测HMGB1刺激后n Tregs的胞浆及胞核中NF-κBP65蛋白表达水平。结果分选得到的n Tregs纯度82%(84.52±2.10%)。Non anti-TLR4组中CD4+CD25+Tregs的IL-10、TGF-β的RNA水平及蛋白含量均较无HMGB1刺激的对照组明显降低(p0.05),而anti-TLR4组中较相应对照组显著增高(p0.05);IFN-γ的RNA水平及蛋白含量在Non anti-TLR4组中较对照组增加(p0.05),而在anti-TLR4组中明显低于相应对照组(p0.05)。CD4+CD25+Tregs显著抑制CD4+T细胞的增殖,与CD3/CD28抗体活化的阳性对照组相比有差异(p0.05)。经HMGB1刺激的Nonanti-TLR4组中,CD4+T细胞增殖指数较无HMGB1刺激的对照组增高(p0.05);anti-TLR4组中,CD4+T细胞增殖指数较无HMGB1刺激的相应对照组明显降低(p0.05)。1μg/m L HMGB1刺激两组CD4+CD25+Tregs后,Non anti-TLR4组胞浆蛋白中NF-κBp65的含量较无刺激对照组降低,而胞核中则相应增加;anti-TLR4组则无明显改变。当TLR4与内源性配体HMGB1结合后,CD4+CD25+Tregs表达及分泌抑制性因子IL-10、TGF-β降低而促炎性细胞因子IFN-γ增加,抑制CD4+T增殖能力减弱,其抑制功能减弱,功能变化机制与NF-κB信号分子的活化相关。     

自噬参与原发性胆汁性胆管炎患者Th17/ Treg免疫失衡的研究

目的:Th17/Treg免疫失衡在原发性胆汁性胆管炎(PBC)的发病机制中起到关键作用。自噬是调节T细胞稳态的重要环节。本研究旨在探索自噬对PBC患者Th17/Treg免疫失衡的影响。方法:选取20例初次诊断的PBC患者,20例健康对照者,收集其外周血单个核细胞(PBMCs)。利用流式细胞术检测PBC患者与健康对照者PBMCs中Th17和Treg细胞分布及其胞内自噬的水平,进一步体外利用氯喹抑制自噬,证实自噬对PBC患者Th17/Treg平衡的影响。结果:相较于健康对照者,PBC患者Th17细胞占CD4~+T比例上升(P0.05),且血清中IL-17含量较高(P0.01);Treg细胞比例下降(P0.05),且血清中TGF-β含量较低(P0.01)。而PBC患者Th17细胞和Treg细胞内自噬水平均升高。另外,体外实验结果证实,自噬抑制剂氯喹能够有效地恢复PBC患者PBMCs中Th17/Treg平衡。结论:异常活化的自噬可导致PBC患者Th17/Treg免疫失衡,抑制自噬能够在体外恢复此平衡。因此,对异常自噬的干预可能将成为PBC疾病治疗的新方法。     

过表达miR-498通过下调STAT3抑制类风湿性关节炎患者Th17细胞分化

本文旨在探讨微小RNA-498(miR-498)影响类风湿性关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)患者外周血单核细胞(peripheral blood mononuclear cells,PBMCs)中Th17细胞分化的作用机制。从50例RA患者和50例对照人群中分别收集外周血,分离PBMCs。流式细胞术检测CD4~+IL-17~+T(Th17)细胞或者CD4~+FOXP3~+T(Treg)细胞比例,并分析Th17/Treg比值。Real-time PCR检测细胞中miR-498和STAT3基因表达,Western blot检测STAT3的蛋白表达,ELISA检测外周血血清或细胞上清中IL-17的浓度。荧光素酶报告基因实验验证miR-498靶向结合STAT3的3’非翻译(3’untranslated region,3’UTR)。miR-498 mimic或/和pc DNA-STAT3瞬时转染CD4~+T细胞,进一步考察miR-498影响Th17细胞分化的机制。结果显示,RA患者的PBMCs中,Th17细胞比例显著高于对照,且Th17/Treg比值也显著高于对照(P0.05)。miR-498低表达而STAT3高表达于RA患者的PBMCs中,且RA患者血清中的IL-17浓度显著高于对照(P0.05)。在转染野生型STAT3报告基因质粒的细胞中转染miR-498 mimic/inhibitor后,荧光酶活性、STAT3的基因和蛋白表达均明显改变(P0.05),但是在转染突变型STAT3报告基因质粒的细胞中转染miR-498 mimic/inhibitor,上述指标没有显著变化(P0.05)。此外,miR-498 mimic转染CD4~+T细胞后,显著降低Th17细胞比例,且细胞分泌IL-17的水平减少(P0.05),而与pcDNA-STAT3共转CD4~+T细胞后,Th17细胞比例明显提高,细胞分泌IL-17的水平增加(P0.05)。以上结果提示,在RA患者CD4~+T细胞中,过表达miR-498靶向下调STAT3,进而抑制Th17细胞分化。     

冻存密度对外周血单个核细胞冻存效果的影响

探讨冻存密度对外周血单个核细胞(Peripheral blood mononuclear cell,PBMC)冻存效果的影响。设定新鲜PBMC组(F组)及3个PBMC冻存密度组即2.0×10~7/mL(A组),4.0×10~7/mL(B组),6.0×10~7/mL(C组)。通过对冻存前后的PBMC活率及复苏后多种细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞(Cytokine-induced killer,CIK)的扩增倍数、淋巴细胞亚群、体外杀伤效率进行比较,验证其冻存效果。结果显示,冻存前F组与冻存后A组、B组、C组的细胞活率分别为(96.0±0.3)%、(95.6±0.4)%、(94.7±0.2)%和(94.9±0.4)%,B组与C组显著低于A组,P0.05;细胞扩增14 d后,F组与A组、B组、C组细胞扩增倍数分别为(156.4±18.2)倍、(160.2±28.4)倍、(126.1±19.8)倍和(110.4±11.3)倍,B组与C组显著低于F组(P0.05);PBMC冻存前复苏后淋巴细胞亚群结果无显著差异。与F组相比,A组、B组、C组细胞扩增14 d后,CD3+、CD3+CD4+、CD3+CD8+、CD3-CD56+、CD3+CD56+淋巴细胞亚群无显著差异(P0.05),体外杀伤效率无显著差异(P0.05)。过高的冻存密度会影响PBMC冻存效果而间接影响细胞的复苏应用,而过低的冻存密度则增加冻存体积而大大提高冻存成本,因此,选择合适的细胞冻存密度是细胞库或细胞银行必须要考虑的问题。     

白塞病患者及正常人外周血免疫细胞群的比较研究

目的研究白塞病(Behcet’s disease,BD)患者体内细胞免疫水平,我们采用流式细胞术检测了活动期BD患者外周血免疫细胞群的比例变化。方法采用流式细胞术检测了BD患者(n=22),其中活动期BD(active BD,ABD)患者(n=14),BD稳定期(stable BD,SBD)患者(n=8)以及健康体检者(n=22)外周血CD4+T细胞及CD8+T细胞比例与CD28共表达水平与疾病的关系。结果患者体内CD4+T细胞比例与正常人相比并无明显变化,而CD8+T细胞的比例却显著升高(P0.05),导致CD4+/CD8+的比例明显下降(P0.05)。此外,BD患者外周血CD28细胞比例与正常人相比无明显变化。进一步分析CD4+T细胞及CD8+T细胞上CD28的表达水平,发现BD患者CD4+T细胞及CD8+T细胞上CD28表达水平较正常人明显降低(P0.05)。结论结果支持BD患者体内存在免疫细胞群比例的紊乱,值得进一步研究免疫功能缺陷与疾病的关系,为临床诊断白塞病提供了相应的理论依据。     

建立小鼠皮肤移植排斥模型稳定获得记忆T细胞

目的建立一种稳定的通过小鼠皮肤移植获得小鼠记忆T细胞的方法。方法以C57BL/6小鼠为受者、DBA/2小鼠为供者行皮肤移植;同时行C57BL/6小鼠行同种同系皮肤移植做对照。术后1-8周,每周取小鼠脾脏,使用流式细胞仪检测所有受体鼠脾单个核细胞悬液中记忆T细胞的比例（n=10）。结果（1）同种异系皮肤移植组：术后第4周的C57BL/6小鼠脾单个核细胞悬液中记忆T细胞的比例较术后1~3周显著增多（P〈0.01）;术后5~8周的记忆T细胞比例较术后第4周显著增多（P〈0.01）;术后1~3周小鼠记忆T细胞比例无差异（P〉0.05）;术后5~8周小鼠记忆T细胞比例无差异（P〉0.05）。（2）同种同系皮肤移植组：术后8周,每周产生的记忆T细胞比例无差异（P〉0.05）。结论接受同种异系皮肤抗原刺激4~5周后,小鼠记忆T细胞发生稳态增殖,此模型可以稳定的获得小鼠记忆T细胞。     

变应性鼻炎患者外周血中Tr1/Th3细胞的检测和分析

目的:检测变应性鼻炎(Allergic rhinitis,AR)患者和健康对照者外周血中IL-10+CD4+T细胞、TGF-β+CD4+T细胞(分别代表Tr1细胞和Th3细胞的特性)的比例,并探讨其在AR发病中的意义,为AR的治疗提供临床参考。方法:分离19例对粉尘螨过敏的AR患者和19例健康对照者外周血单个核细胞(PBMCs),采用流式细胞术分别检测外周血中IL-10+CD4+T细胞、TGF-β+CD4+T细胞的比例。结果:同健康对照者相比,AR患者外周血中IL-10+CD4+T细胞的比例显著降低[(1.66±0.48)%vs.(3.80.92)%,t=-9.08,P0.01)],AR患者外周血中TGF-β+CD4+T细胞的比例降低[(1.92±0.54)%vs.(4.76±1.12)%,t=-9.94,P0.01)]。结论:外周血中IL-10+CD4+T(Tr1)细胞比例的降低可能是AR发病的一个重要因素,提高AR患者外周血中分泌IL-10的Tr1细胞的比例可能在AR的治疗中具有重要意义。外周血中TGF-β1+CD4+T(Th3)细胞的比例显著降低,可能是AR发病的一个重要因素。但TGF-β1与AR关系的研究较少,特别是外周血中TGF-β1水平与AR的关系研究较少,需进一步研究。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.