几株沼泽红假单胞菌的分离和分类特性研究

分别从温州市郊区采集的4处淤泥中分离到4株光能异养型菌株W1,W2,W3,W4,对其形态特征和生理特性研究发现,4株菌基本相似,均为革兰氏阴性,弯曲杆状,出芽繁殖,在光照厌氧和黑暗好氧条件下均能生长.W1～W4菌株能利用许多有机物作为碳源且以乳酸钠、醋酸钠、丙酮酸、苹果酸、丁二酸为最适宜.酵母膏能显著刺激其生长,而谷氨酸钠和丙氨酸对其生长无刺激作用.在pH5.0～8.5的条件下4株菌均能生长,其最适pH均为7.0左右.根据上述结果,确证W1～W4均为沼泽红假单胞菌(Rhodopseudomonas palustris).     

一株红假单胞菌分离及对幼鳖作用的初步研究

从露天养鳖池中分离到红假单胞菌CZ-2菌株。该菌具有生理需求简单、培养条件粗放、生长迅速的特点。在黑暗,好氧和光照/厌氧条件下均可良好生长,最适条件下培养6d,生物量可以达到1．57g/L。在温室幼鳖的饲料中添加CZ-2菌株培养液后幼鳖没有出现直接死亡,发病率也较对照池低50％左右。试验表明CZ-2菌株培养液对幼鳖生长有促进作用,比对照提高了8．9％。该文对CZ-2菌株培养特性及对幼鳖作用作了探讨。     

沼泽红假单胞菌的研究进展

概述了沼泽红假单胞菌菌株的分离纯化,主要特性及应用研究方面的进展。     

一株假单胞菌属低温噬菌体的分离及其特性研究

目的从纳帕海湿地土样中分离和培养低温菌及其噬菌体,并对其特性进行研究。方法分离纯化低温宿主菌,采用"双层平板法"分离获得噬菌体,通过16S rRNA基因分析对宿主菌进行初步鉴定,对噬菌体进行电镜形态观察,并进行噬菌体基因组酶切片段长度多态性分析及噬菌体生理特性研究。结果从纳帕海土样中分离获得一株裂解性低温噬菌体,命名为SV-12,其宿主菌S-12鉴定为恶臭假单胞菌(Pseudomonas putida)。噬菌体SV-12有囊膜,头部为典型的正六边形,立体对称结构,直径约68.7 nm;尾管长约122.5 nm,直径约25 nm;在4℃时具有侵染活性,4～25℃均能产生边缘清晰、透明的噬菌斑。最适感染温度约为10℃,pH耐受范围较广,在pH=10时具有最多出斑数。结论 SV-12属于肌尾噬菌体科,为裂解性噬菌体,对氯仿极度敏感。基因组为dsDNA,大小约为74 kb。     

一株裂解性低温假单胞菌噬菌体的分离及特性研究

从明永冰川低温土壤中分离、纯化获得一株低温假单胞菌噬菌体PFV1,并对其生物学特性(噬菌体基因组限制性酶切片段长度多态性、衣壳蛋白组分分析及生理特征)进行了初步研究。基于16S rRNA基因测序分析结果,将宿主菌初步鉴定为荧光假单胞菌菌株。噬菌体PFV1为球形,直径约50 nm。PFV1在4℃时具有侵染活性,4~25℃范围内均可形成噬菌。对氯仿具有一定的敏感性,具有热不稳定性,基因组为双链DNA,大小约38 kb。     

嗜酸红假单胞菌的分离与鉴定

A sabin P301 of Gram negative purple nonsulfur bacterium was isolatedfrom the ditch's mud collected in Fuzholl. Fujian. The cells are red-shaped.Mulhplication occur by budding without stalk formation. Growth optimum PH is 5.05.7. No growth faCtors required. The cells contain baCteriochlorophyll a Thephotosynthehc membrane system consistS of Palallel lamellae. According tO Bergey'sManual of Detendnahve Bacteriology, sib ed. (1974) and 9th ed. (1994),the stainwas identified to be Rhodopseudomonas acidophila. …     

一株红假单胞菌的分离及对Cu2+的去除

【背景】重金属污染对环境和人类的健康构成了重大威胁,因此,重金属污染的治理迫在眉睫。生物治理因成本低、处理效果好和无二次污染等优点,在处理重金属污染时被优先选择。【目的】从辽河入海口深13 m的水体中,利用紫色非硫细菌富集培养基筛选产色素能力强并对高浓度Cu~(2+)有高效去除能力的菌株。【方法】采用形态学、生理生化特性和分子生物学方法鉴定菌种;采用二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠分光光度法测定Cu~(2+)的含量。【结果】鉴定菌株为红假单胞菌属,将其命名为Rhodopseudomonas sp. gh32。菌株gh32的最适生长温度和最适pH分别为30°C和7.0,其在pH 5.0-10.0范围内可正常生长,在3 mmol/L的CuSO4溶液中能够正常生长,能利用葡萄糖、甘露糖和果糖等单糖和硫化氢。菌株gh32在24h内对Cu~(2+)的去除率均在99%以上,处理能力为1 331 g/g干菌重或167.6 g/g湿菌重。【结论】菌株gh32对Cu~(2+)具有较强的耐受性和很好的去除效果,是治理含Cu~(2+)废水的潜力菌株。本研究为生物治理重金属废水提供了支持。     

绿色红假单胞菌和绿硫红假单胞菌的分离与鉴定

在选择培养条件下,利用琼脂振荡稀释分离技术,对接种于造纸废水和污水处理厂污泥污水的富集培养液进行纯化,分离得到两株绿色的光合细菌菌株G和SG。它们细胞内均含细菌叫叶绿素b,光合内膜结构为片层,繁殖方式为出芽,但在对有机碳源、还原态硫化物利用能力及同化硫酸盐等生理特性上有很大差异。经鉴定,以《伯杰氏系统细菌学手册》第3卷(1989)为依据,确定这两菌株是红假单胞菌属的两个种,菌株G定名为绿色红假单胞菌(Rhndopxeudomonas viridis),菌株SG定名为绿硫红假单胞菌(Rhodopseudomonas sulfoviridis)。     

沼泽红假单胞菌染色体的提取

近年来,由于工业产生的有机物对环境的污染越来越严重,推动了人们对能降解芳香物的沼泽红假单胞菌(Ｒ.ｐａｌｕｓｔｒｉｓ)的研究兴趣[1-8]。大多数芳香族化合物是严重危害人类健康的污染物质,为从基因水平研究沼泽红假单胞菌对芳香族化合物的生物降解机制,需要找到一种提取染色体的理想方法。泽沼红假单胞菌质膜构造比较特殊,且菌体富含蛋白质、色素、多糖等,给染色体提取造成一定难度。在本工作中采用了几种方法进行染色体的提取。1　材料与方法11　菌株来源:Ｙ6为本实验室分离、鉴定并保存的沼泽红假单胞菌。12　菌体培养121　沼泽红假单…     

沼泽红假单胞菌去除镉的研究

研究了沼泽红假单胞菌(Rhodopseudomonas palustris)S菌株的生长、Cd2 的去除与供氧光照、碳源、pH及温度的关系。结果表明:在好氧黑暗、苹果酸为碳源、pH7.0和30℃条件下,S菌株对初始浓度为25mg/L的Cd2 去除率最大,达到85%。在最佳条件下,Cd2 初始浓度为10mg/L~25mg/L时,去除率达85%,Cd2 浓度增加到150mg/L时,去除率仅为23%。测定Cd2 在菌体不同部位的分布发现菌体中富集的Cd2 63.5%在细胞壁上,33.5%在细胞原生质体内。同时,结合该菌体细胞超薄切片透射电镜观察证明了S菌株对Cd2 的去除主要在细胞壁上。     

ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID FROM A STRAIN OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS.

Blobel, Hans (University of Wisconsin, Madison). Isolation and characterization of deoxyribonucleic acid from a strain of Staphylococcus aureus. J. Bacteriol. 82:425-429. 1961.-Highly polymerized deoxyribonucleic acid was extracted from washed cells of Staphylococcus aureus with a mixture of equal parts of phenol and 2 m NaCl at pH 7.4. The aqueous phase was treated twice with phenol and the deoxyribonucleic acid precipitated with an equal volume of 2-ethoxyethanol. Residual ribonucleic acid was removed by treatment with ribonuclease and subsequent dialysis. Deoxyribonucleic acid was reprecipitated with 2-ethoxyethanol. The final product contained less than 1% protein. The deoxyribonucleic acid obtained from S. aureus strain S(44) had a (adenosine + thymine)/(guanine + cytosine) base ratio of 1.98. Intrinsic viscosity in 0.15 m NaCl + 0.015 m sodium citrate was approximately 76 dl/g. The sedimentation coefficient, S(20)w, was close to 25 S.     

一个分解纤维素的瘤胃梭菌新种

报道了一个厌氧中温分解纤维素的瘤胃梭菌新种。在RGCA培养基中,细胞杆状、0.6～1.0×4.0～6.0lm,单生或成对,革兰氏阳性,能运动。芽孢卵～球形,端生或次端生,使细胞膨大。菌落圆形、黄色、边缘不整齐。在纤维素琼脂滚管中培养24～48h,菌落周围产生溶纤维透明圈。生长的最适条件是37～40t和pH6.5～7.0。所需要的生长因子为多种挥发脂肪酸(VFAs)、生物素、对氨基苯甲酸和盐酸吡哆醇。纤维素、纤维二糖、糖原、淀粉和麦芽糖等可作为生长底物。不能发酵葡萄糖、果糖、七叶灵、苦杏仁苷、阿拉伯糖、乳糖、甘露糖、核糖、蔗糖,木糖、鼠李糖、甘露醇、肌醇和山梨醇等。不能水解明胶。发酵纤维二糖产生乙酸和丁酸。DNA的G+c含量为35.9mol％(Tm)。该分离菌株与已知梭菌均有不同,故命名为瘤胃梭菌新种(Clostridlum rurnenum sp. nov. Zhang, Tan & Liu)。保藏号为AS 1.1862。     

一株极端环境光合细菌的生理特性研究

从山西运城盐厂解化池分离获得一株嗜盐嗜碱细菌,编号为Y。其纯培养物经形态学、生理生化特性和DNA G+C含量等特征分析,结果表明,该菌株可在盐度ρ(NaCl)/gL-1为160和pH9.0碱性条件下生长。单细胞为杆状,大小为0.4-0.8×0.9-1.5μm。二分裂繁殖。革兰氏阴性。光合内膜为片层堆积并与细胞质膜相连,但并不与细胞质膜平行。细胞含有细菌叶绿素a,液体培养物呈玫瑰红色。Y菌株不仅可将硫化物氧化为元素硫沉积于细胞外,也可光同化多种有机物,并具有固氮和产H2特性。DNA中 G+C含量为61.6%。根据以上鉴定特征及相关资料,Y菌株应归于嗜盐红螺菌属(Halorhodospira)。但其生长所依赖的盐度、pH、细胞内色素成分及鞭毛着生方式与该属正式承认的3个种有明显的不同。该菌株独特的生理生化特性,对于极端环境微生物的资源开发和利用有重要的理论意义和应用价值。     

SIDEROCHROMES IN CYANOPHYCEAE: ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SCHIZOKINEN FROM ANABAENA SP.1

Schizokinen, a high affinity iron transport compound (siderochrome), previously described from Bacillus megaterium, has been isolated and characterized from low-iron cultures of a bluegreen alga, Anabaena sp. No conclusive evidence for production of an iron-repressible hydroxamate or catechol type siderochrome was observed in certain other bluegreen algae, such as Anabaena cylindrica Lemm., Coccochloris peniocystis (Kütz.) Drouet & Daily, Anacystis sp., Gloeocapsa alpicola (Lyng.) Born. or Chroococcus sp.     

ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MYELIN-RELATED MEMBRANES

Abstract— Myelin related membrane fractions from rat brain and spinal cord were isolated from material normally discarded during standard myelin isolation procedures. A fraction which floated on 0.32 M-sucrose (F) and the material released after subjecting the myelin fraction to osmotic shock at two stages in the purification (W₁ and W₂) were characterized. These fractions were subjected to subfractionation on three step discontinuous sucrose gradients. Morphologically, the heavier subfrac-tions of W₁ and W₂ were shown to consist mainly of single membranes and vesicles. Sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that, relative to myelin, proteolipid and basic protein were reduced in all subfractions, while the high molecular weight proteins were increased. The specific activity of 2′,3′-cyclic nucleotide 3′-phosphohydrolase (CNP) was up to 2-fold higher than that of myelin in the heavier subfractions of W₁ and W₂. The major myelin-associated glycoprotein was also increased in these subfractions as determined by periodic acid-Schiff staining. Differential centrifugation of the initial tissue homogenate to remove microsomes prior to myelin isolation gave rise to W₁ and W₂ subfractions with a CNP specific activity 3–4 times that of myelin. The high molecular weight proteins and glycoproteins were enriched in these microsome-depleted subfractions, but were qualitatively similar to those of myelin. Some of the membranes in these fractions may be derived from the continuum between the plasma membrane of the oligodendrocyte and compact myelin. Fraction F consisted of small membrane fragments and many vesicles, and was particularly deficient in proteolipid. The specific activity of CNP in fraction F was about the same as myelin, while the major myelin associated glycoprotein could not be detected. Fraction F from normal CNS tissue appears to be similar to the floating fractions previously isolated in larger amounts from pathological brain undergoing edematous demyelination.     

酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)基因启动子的分离和鉴定

用启动子探针型载体pFR109从酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)总DNA中克隆到多个启动子片段,它们在大肠杆菌中均能启动β-半乳糖苷酶基因的表达。对其中Y8片段的进一步分析结果表明:该片段不仅来自酿酒酵母基因组,而且是以多拷贝的形式存在。当Y8片段再次转入供体酵母时,它仍能启动β-半乳糖苷酶基因表达,但经次克隆去掉Y8片段5′端部分顺序后,它就失去了启动子的功能。     

玫瑰红链霉菌336质粒（pSR336）DNA的分离及特性研究

从葡萄糖异构酶产生菌──玫瑰红链霉菌３３６中分离得到质粒ｐＳＲ３３６。经电泳检测和电镜观察证实,存在共价闭合超螺旋和开环两种分子构型,分子量约为６．３５ｋｂ,拷贝数约为１３０。采用高温（４０℃）,吖啶橙、溴化乙锭和ＳＤＳ等物理、化学因素消除ｐＳＲ３３６,均未获得质粒消除株,表明ｐＳＲ３３６质粒是非常稳定的。用变铅青链霉菌ＴＫ２１作受体,进行平皿杂交以检测ｐＳＲ３３６的接合转移能力,未观察到麻点（ｐｏｃｋ）的形成。用ＨｉｎｄⅢ分别酶切ｐＳＲ３３６和ｐＩＪ４８６,连接得到一个嵌合质粒ｐＩＲ３０,检测玫瑰红链霉     

金鱼(红龙睛)次黄嘌呤-鸟嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶的分离及特性初步研究

 从金鱼肝脏分离并部分纯化了HGPRT。初步结果表明,该酶的分子量为78,000左右。由3个亚基组成,每个亚基的分子量约为27,000。金鱼的HGPRT很稳定,在85℃加热10分钟,至少保留80％的酶活性。该酶与PRPP的反应产物在淀粉凝胶电泳图谱上出现两条反应带。     

溴氨酸降解菌株的分离和特性

从化工厂污泥中中分离到4个对蒽醌染料中间体溴氨酸有显降解和脱色作用的菌株。经鉴定,4株菌均为假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas sp.）。脱色效果最好的N1菌株能以溴酸为唯一碳源生长,其脱色效果受温度和pH影响较大,最佳生长条件是30℃,pH7.2。