奥曲肽辅助十二指肠镜治疗急性水肿型胆源性胰腺炎疗效及对炎症反应的影响

目的:探讨奥曲肽辅助十二指肠镜治疗急性水肿型胆源性胰腺炎疗效及对炎症反应的影响。方法:选择急性水肿型胆源性胰腺炎患者100例,随机分为研究组与对照组各50例,两组患者均给予禁食、抗感染、营养支持、酶抑制剂治疗,对照组同期给予十二指肠镜治疗,研究组同期给予奥曲肽辅助十二指肠镜治疗,比较两组腹痛缓解时间,白细胞(WBC)、体温恢复正常时间,治疗前(T0)、治疗3d(T1)、治疗7d(T2)血、尿淀粉酶水平与炎症因子CRP、IL-6、TNF-α水平的变化。结果:(1)研究组腹痛缓解时间、WBC、体温恢复正常时间均较对照组明显缩短(P0.05);(2)两组患者T1、T2血、尿淀粉酶水平均较T0明显降低,且T2血、尿淀粉酶水平低于T1(P0.05),研究组T1、T2血、尿淀粉酶水平均低于对照组(P0.05);(3)两组T1、T2血清CRP、IL-6、TNF-α水平均较T0明显降低,且T2低于T1(P0.05),研究组T1、T2时血清CRP、IL-6、TNF-α水平均低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:奥曲肽辅助十二指肠镜治疗急性水肿型胆源性胰腺炎可提高早期治疗效果,减轻炎症反应。     

HV-CBP对急性重症胰腺炎患者机体免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨连续性高容量血液净化(HV-CBP)对急性重症胰腺炎患者免疫功能的影响及其临床效果。方法:选取我院消化科收治的急性重症胰腺炎患者220例,根据治疗方案不同分为对照组及试验组。对照组给予常规治疗,实验组在常规治疗基础上应用HV-CBP治疗。观察并比较两组患者治疗前后血清淀粉酶、脂肪酶、CRP、TNF-α及T淋巴细胞亚群的变化情况。结果:试验组体温、腹痛、黄疸症状恢复时间及住院天数均较对照组明显缩短(P0.05);治疗后试验组血清淀粉、脂肪酶、CRP、TNF-α水平明显低于对照组,而CD4+/CD8+比率明显高于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:HV-CBP对急性重症胰腺炎患者的临床症状、炎性刺激、病情进展及免疫功能具有良好的改善作用。     

加贝酯联合奥曲肽对急性胰腺炎患者胃肠功能、免疫功能及炎性因子水平的影响

目的:探讨加贝酯联合奥曲肽对急性胰腺炎(AP)患者胃肠功能、血清炎性因子及免疫功能的影响。方法:选取2014年1月到2018年6月在我院接受治疗的AP患者100例,采用随机数字表法将所有患者分为对照组和观察组各50例。对照组给予注射用醋酸奥曲肽治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上给予注射用甲磺酸加贝酯治疗。对比两组患者治疗后临床疗效、胃肠功能恢复情况、血清炎性因子水平及免疫球蛋白lgG、lgM、lgA的变化情况。结果:治疗后观察组总有效率为83.24%,高于对照组的67.03%(P0.05)。治疗后观察组排气恢复时间、排便恢复时间、肠鸣音消失时间、腹胀缓解时间、腹痛缓解时间均显著短于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后两组肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)及白细胞介素-8(IL-8)水平较治疗前均明显下降(P0.05),且治疗后观察组的TNF-α、CRP、IL-6及IL-8水平低于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后两组的lgG、lgM、lgA水平均较治疗前均明显升高(P0.05),治疗后观察组的lgG、lgM水平高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:加贝酯联合奥曲肽治疗AP不仅能够有效抑制患者的炎症反应,改善其免疫功能,还能够促进患者胃肠功能恢复,提高临床疗效。     

保留灌肠清胰汤联合ERCP治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎的疗效及机制探讨

目的:探讨保留灌肠清胰汤联合内镜逆行胰胆管造影术(endoscopic retrograde pancreatic cholangiography,ERCP)治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎的临床疗效及作用机制。方法:选择2015年1月～2017年12月我院收治的97例胆源性胰腺炎患者为研究对象,根据治疗方法不同,将其分为对照组(ERCP组,46例)及观察组(保留灌肠清胰汤联合ERCP组,53例)。观察和比较两组的中医临床疗效,治疗前后7天的肿瘤坏死因子-α(Tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、C反应蛋白(c-reactive protein,CRP)、白细胞介素-6(Interleukins-6,IL-6)、白细胞介素-8(Interleukin-8,IL-8)、白细胞介素-10(Interleukin-10,IL-10)水平及治疗前、治疗后12 h、24 h、3 d的血清淀粉酶水平的变化,腹痛缓解时间、平均住院时间、平均住院费用。结果:治疗后,观察组的痊愈、显效比例明显高于对照组(P0.05)。两组治疗后的血清TNF-α、CRP、IL-6、IL-8、IL-10水平均显著低于治疗前,且观察组的血清TNF-α、CRP、IL-6、IL-8水平均明显低于对照组(P均0.05);两组的平均住院费用对比差异无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组的腹痛缓解时间、平均住院时间明显低于对照组(P0.05)。与治疗前相比,两组治疗后12 h、24 h、3 d时的血清淀粉酶水平均显著降低,且观察组治疗后12 h、24 h时的血清淀粉酶水平均明显低于对照组(P均0.05)。结论:保留灌肠清胰汤联合ERCP治疗可显著提高急性胆源性胰腺炎的治疗痊愈率及有效率,其作用机制可能与降低患者血清TNF-α、CRP、IL-6、IL-8及淀粉酶水平有关。     

不同剂量乌司他丁对急性胰腺炎患者血清TNF-α，IL-1，IL-6及IL-8水平的影响

目的:探讨不同剂量乌司他丁对急性胰腺炎患者血清TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6、IL-8含量影响。方法:收集我院消化内科收治的急性胰腺炎患者72例,随机分为试验组和对照组,各36例。对照组予以10万IU静点,每8 h 1次;试验组患者予以乌司他丁30万IU静点,每8 h 1次。治疗后比较患者临床症状、血清TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6、IL-8含量、血淀粉酶、肝脏功能以及不良反应发生情况。结果:治疗后,与治疗前相比两组AMY、ALT以及Cr水平均降低(P0.05),血清TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6、IL-8水平均降低(P0.05)。与对照组相比,试验组治疗有效率较高(P0.05);试验组临床症状消失时间、实验室指标恢复时间以及住院天数缩短(P0.05);试验组TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6、IL-8水平较低(P0.05);试验组AMY、ALT以及Cr水平较低(P0.05)。结论:大剂量乌司他丁应用于急性胰腺炎的治疗安全有效,较正常剂量相比,能够缩短治疗时间,降低TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6、IL-8等炎症因子水平。     

乌司他丁治疗急性胰腺炎的临床疗效及机制研究

目的:探讨乌司他丁对急性胰腺炎患者的临床疗效及可能机制。方法:收集我院收治的重症急性胰腺炎患者66例,随机分为实验组和对照组。所有患者均给予禁食水、充分补液、纠正电解质紊乱等常规支持对症治疗。对照组予奥曲肽,实验组予乌司他丁,共治疗7天。测定两组患者治疗前、后各血清白介素-6(IL-6)、白介素-8(IL-8)及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平;治疗前、治疗第1、3天及治疗后进行血常规检测,观察白细胞计数(WBC),并进行血淀粉酶(AMS)、尿淀粉酶(UAMY)测定;分别记录两组患者临床症状及体征恢复时间,判定临床疗效。结果:1治疗后,两组患者血清IL-6、IL-8及TNF-α水平均较治疗前显著下降,且实验组较对照组下降更明显(P0.05);2治疗后,两组患者白细胞计数及血、尿淀粉酶水平均较治疗前明显下降,且实验组较对照组下降更明显(P0.05);3治疗后,实验组各项临床症状及体征消失时间均明显短于对照组(P0.05)。结论:乌司他丁可有效改善急性胰腺胰腺炎患者的各项临床症状,这可能与其显著降低其血清IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α、淀粉酶水平、白细胞计数及尿淀粉酶水平有关。     

醋酸奥曲肽联合乌司他丁对重症急性胰腺炎患者血清ET、MCP-1、TNF-α、IL-6水平及预后的影响

目的:探讨醋酸奥曲肽联合乌司他丁对重症急性胰腺炎血清内皮素(ET)、单核细胞趋化因子蛋白1(MCP-1)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-6(IL-6)水平及预后的影响。方法:纳入我院2017年1月至2018年9月收治的94例重症急性胰腺炎患者,并依据随机数字表法将其分为对照组47例与观察组47例。对照组患者给予乌司他丁治疗,观察组在对照组基础上结合醋酸奥曲肽治疗,两组疗程均为7～14 d。比较两组治疗的疗效,血淀粉酶和尿淀粉酶恢复正常时间,腹痛缓解时间、肠鸣音恢复时间和腹胀缓解时间,治疗前后血清ET、MCP-1、TNF-α、IL-6水平的变化及预后。结果:观察组治疗总有效率(93.62%)显著高于对照组(72.34%)(P0.05)。观察组血淀粉酶和尿淀粉酶恢复时间、腹痛缓解时间、肠鸣音恢复时间和腹胀缓解时间明显短于对照组(P0.05)。两组治疗后血清ET、MCP-1、TNF-α和IL-6水平均较治疗前降低(P0.05),且观察组以上指标均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。观察组出院时生存率高于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:与单用乌司他丁相比,醋酸奥曲肽联合乌司他丁治疗重症急性胰腺炎患者疗效更好,其可显著降低患者血清ET、MCP-1、TNF-α和IL-6水平。     

普罗卡因联合头孢曲松治疗急性胰腺炎的临床疗效研究

目的:探讨普罗卡因联合头孢曲松对急性胰腺炎患者临床疗效及肠粘膜屏障功能的影响。方法:选择2013年8月至2016年8月我院接诊的92例急性胰腺炎患者,通过随机数表法分为观察组(n=46)和对照组(n=46)。对照组使用头孢曲松钠治疗,观察组在对照组基础上联用普罗卡因。比较两组临床症状缓解时间、治疗前后血清肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、白介素(IL)-6、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、降钙素原和D-乳酸水平及临床疗效。结果:观察组腹痛缓解时间、腹胀缓解时间、禁食时间、血清淀粉酶恢复正常时间均比对照组短(P0.05);治疗后,观察组血清TNF-α、IL-6、hs-CRP、降钙素原、D-乳酸水平均显著低于对照组(P0.05),总有效率明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:普罗卡因联合头孢曲松可有效缓解急性胰腺炎患者的临床症状,降低机体炎性反应,促进肠粘膜屏障功能的恢复。     

CBP治疗重症急性胰腺炎患者的临床效果及其机制分析

探讨连续性血液净化(CBP)治疗重症急性胰腺炎的临床效果及其作用机制。选取在我院(2014年4月至2016年4月)收治的86例重症急性胰腺炎患者,其中43例患者(常规组)采用禁食禁水、胃肠减压、抗感染、解痉、调节水电解质等基础治疗,43例患者在常规组治疗基础上加用CBP治疗(观察组),对比两组患者的临床效果。结果显示,治疗前,观察组和对照组患者血清的IL-6、TNF-α、IL-10、PCT、IL-1β水平差异无统计学意义(p0.05);治疗后24 h、治疗后48 h、治疗后72 h,观察组患者的血清IL-6、TNF-α、IL-10、PCT、IL-1β水平均显著的低于对照组(p0.05);治疗后24 h、治疗后48 h、治疗后72 h,观察组患者的肾素、醛固酮、AngⅠ、AngⅡ、血清淀粉酶、尿淀治疗前,观察组和对照组患者肾素、醛固酮、AngⅠ、AngⅡ、血清淀粉酶、尿淀粉酶、血乳酸水平差异无统计学意义(p0.05);粉酶、血乳酸水平均显著的低于对照组(p0.05);治疗后,观察组患者治愈53.49%、有效44.19%、无效2.33%,常规组治愈32.56%、有效60.47%、无效6.98%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(p0.05)。结果表明CBP治疗重症急性胰腺炎能减轻患者的炎症状态、调节肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统,从而提高临床治疗效果。     

生长抑素联合双歧杆菌四联活菌治疗急性胰腺炎的效果及对肠粘膜屏障功能的影响

目的:探究生长抑素联合双歧杆菌四联活菌治疗急性胰腺炎的效果及对肠粘膜屏障功能的影响。方法:选取2015年8月～2018年8月我院收治的急性胰腺炎患者98例,根据患者入院先后顺序分为两组。对照组患者给予生长抑素治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上联合双歧杆菌四联活菌片治疗。比较两组患者的临床治疗效果,临床症状和指标的恢复时间及胃肠动力的恢复情况,治疗前后D-乳酸、二胺氧化酶(DAO)和尿乳果糖和甘露醇的比值(L/M)水平的变化。结果:治疗后,观察组患者的总有效率显著高于对照组(P0.05),腹痛、腹胀、腹膜刺激征、血淀粉酶和尿淀粉酶恢复正常时间均显著短于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者的血清D-乳酸、DAO和L/M水平均较治疗前显著下降,且观察组以上指标均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。此外,观察组患者的腹内压显著低于对照组,肠鸣音恢复时间显著短于对照组,胃肠减压引流量显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:与单用生长抑素相比,生长抑素联合双歧杆菌四联活菌可更迅速缓解急性胰腺炎患者的临床症状及指标,恢复胃肠动力,并显著改善患者的肠粘膜屏障功能,利于患者的康复。     

壳聚糖酶的克隆表达与壳寡糖的制备分析

目的:克隆壳聚糖酶基因于大肠杆菌中实现高表达,制备壳寡糖。方法:以枯草芽孢杆菌总DNA为模板扩增壳聚糖酶基因(CSN),克隆至载体pET23a(+)上,转化菌株BL21(DE3)。重组子经0.5 mmol/L IPTG诱导后,SDS-PAGE和质谱检测与鉴定重组酶。酶纯化后水解壳聚糖,薄层色谱分析其水解产物。结果:质谱证明壳聚糖酶(31.5kDa)成功表达,表达量占菌体总蛋白的45%左右。纯化后重组酶浓度为900 mg/L,纯度95%、回收率85%,酶活力为10 000 U/mg。壳聚糖降解产物为壳二糖至壳四糖。结论:原核表达载体pET23a(+)-CSN构建正确,壳聚糖酶表达量与活性高,适用于水解壳聚糖制备壳寡糖。     

国内外蝗害治理技术现状与展望

本文首先概述了国内外蝗虫发生与为害的态势,总结了现阶段我国蝗虫发生与为害的主要特点:即农田飞蝗暴发频繁而且严重,草原土蝗的发生时常造成严重的经济损失,而且侵入城市干扰市民生活,我国与周边国家之间蝗虫过境迁移频繁,使用化学农药污染环境和农产品;分析了国内外蝗虫防治对策与技术的发展现状,重点介绍了应急防治和可持续治理对策、...     

Kinetics and thermodynamics of peroxidase- and laccase-catalyzed oxidation of N-substituted phenothiazines and phenoxazines

N -substituted phenothiazines (PTs) and phenoxazines (POs) catalyzed by fungal Coprinus cinereus peroxidase and Polyporus pinsitus laccase were investigated at pH 4–10. In the case of peroxidase, an apparent bimolecular rate constant (expressed as k _cat/K _m) varied from 1 ×10⁷M⁻¹s⁻¹to 2.6×10⁸M⁻¹s⁻¹ at pH 7.0. The constants for PO oxidation were higher in comparison to PT. pH dependence revealed two or three ionizable groups with pK _a values of 4.9–5.7 and 7.7–9.7 that significantly affected the activity of peroxidase. Single-turnover experiments showed that the limiting step of PT oxidation was reduction of compound II and second-order rate constants were obtained which were consistent with the constants at steady-state conditions. Laccase-catalyzed PT and PO oxidation rates were lower; apparent bimolecular rate constants varied from 1.8×10⁵M⁻¹s⁻¹ to 2.0×10⁷M⁻¹s⁻¹ at pH 5.3. PO constants were higher in comparison to PT, as was the case with peroxidase. The dependence of the apparent bimolecular constants of compound II or copper type 1 reduction, in the case of peroxidase or laccase, respectively, was analyzed in the framework of the Marcus outer-sphere electron-transfer theory. Peroxidase-catalyzed reactions with PT, as well as PO, fitted the same hyperbolic dependence with a maximal oxidation rate of 1.6×10⁸M⁻¹s⁻¹ and a reorganization energy of 0.30 eV. The respective parameters for laccase were 5.0×10⁷M⁻¹s⁻¹ and 0.29 eV. Received: 20 September 1999 / Accepted: 24 February 2000     

Coiled-coil nanomechanics and uncoiling and unfolding of the superhelix and alpha-helices of myosin

The nanomechanical properties of the coiled-coils of myosin are fundamentally important in understanding muscle assembly and contraction. Force spectra of single molecules of double-headed myosin, single-headed myosin, and coiled-coil tail fragments were acquired with an atomic force microscope and displayed characteristic triphasic force-distance responses to stretch: a rise phase (R) and a plateau phase (P) and an exponential phase (E). The R and P phases arise mainly from the stretching of the coiled-coils, with the hinge region being the main contributor to the rise phase at low force. Only the E phase was analyzable by the worm-like chain model of polymer elasticity. Restrained molecular mechanics simulations on an existing x-ray structure of scallop S2 yielded force spectra with either two or three phases, depending on the mode of stretch. It revealed that coiled-coil chains separate completely near the end of the P phase and the stretching of the unfolded chains gives rise to the E phase. Extensive conformational searching yielded a P phase force near 40 pN that agreed well with the experimental value. We suggest that the flexible and elastic S2 region, particularly the hinge region, may undergo force-induced unfolding and extend reversibly during actomyosin powerstroke.     

Synthesis of hapten and conjugates of coumestrol and development of immunoassay

3-O-Carboxymethylcoumestrol was prepared as the hapten for immunoassay by a partial alkylation of coumestrol with ethyl chloroacetate in acetone alkalized with potassium carbonate. 3-O-Ethoxycarbonylmethylcoumestrol was separated by column chromatography and finally was hydrolyzed with formic acid. 1H and 13C NMR data (APT, COSY, HMQC, and HMBC) revealed that the reaction was regioselective, as 3-O-ethoxycarboxymethylcoumestrol was the only monosubstituted derivative. The hapten was then conjugated to bovine serum albumin and used for immunization of rabbits. A radioimmunoassay (RIA) system was established based on the polyclonal antiserum and a 125I-labeled hapten-tyrosine methyl ester conjugate as the radioligand. Parameters of the RIA: sensitivity: 12 pg per tube, 50% intercept: 140 pg per tube, working range: 20-4000 pg per tube. The cross-reactivity of a panel isoflavonoid and lignan phytoestrogens was either negligible (e.g. formononetin 0.07%; biochanin A 0.06%) or not detectable at all. The major immunoreactive peak in HPLC fractions from an alfalfa extract had the same retention time as coumestrol standard and represented 94.8% of the signal. The remaining 5.2% of immunoreactivity was distributed between five minor peaks. We conclude that after the validation for particular matrices, the method will be a useful tool for analysis of coumestrol, especially in low volume and low concentration samples.     

白术同源四倍体的诱导和鉴定及其与二倍体过氧化物酶的比较

以白术（Atractylodes macrooephala Koidz.）二倍体组培苗为材料,对其四倍体诱导方法进行研究,共获得45个白术同源四倍体株系,为优良株系的选育提供了材料。此外,还分析比较了其中8个白术四倍体株系与二倍体的过氧化物酶同工酶（POD）的酶谱差异,发现四倍体各株系过氧化物酶同工酶谱比二倍体的均多了Rf0.310的谱带,且总过氧化物酶比活力也发生了很大改变,对探讨白术四倍体优良株系的生理生化机理具有一定的参考价值。     

Effect of soil salinity and water stresses on growth and content of nitrogen,chloride and phosphate of wheat and triticale

Summary Three wheats and one triticale were grown, up to flowering stage, in pots on calcareous soil adjusted to a range of salinities (S₁=3.5, S₂=6, S₃=8.5, and S₄=11 mmhos/cm, 20°C, soilpaste extract) by adding solution consisting of 3∶2∶1 of Na-, Ca- and Mg chlorides in chemical equivalent amounts. Moisture in the pots was kept at 100% (W₁), 40% (W₂) and 20% (W₃) of the available water. The vegetative growth, nitrogen and phosphate were affected by S and W treatments, chloride was affected only by S. The interaction S×W affected only dry weight. Varietal effect was observed between wheat as a group and triticale. Multiple quadratic regression equations of these properties on salinity and water revealed that the higher the available water the wider the range of tolerable salinity. Triticale was relatively more tolerant to water stress. Salinity increases Cl and decreases N, whereas water stress enhances N accumulation to a certain extent. However, in triticale at S₃ and S₄ the effect of water stress on N was overshadowed by the excessive salinity. This did not occur for the wheat (Florence). P trends were described. R² for P was low (0.7435–0.3603) which made interpretations rather difficult.     

放牧对牧草光合作用、呼吸作用和氮、碳吸收与转运的影响

研究放牧对草地植物生理活动的影响,对于揭示草地放牧演替的生理机制有重要意义.大量研究表明,家畜放牧对牧草光合作用、呼吸作用以及C和N吸收与转运的影响,可以分为生理伤害和生理恢复2个阶段.放牧通过改变草地冠层结构影响牧草光合作用,净光合作用速率短期内迅速下降,随着叶面积指数增加又逐渐上升,呼吸作用有相似的变化趋势.牧草放牧后再生长所需的C和N最初主要来自根系和留茬中的贮藏物质,此后随着牧草生长恢复逐渐由同化作用供给,C代谢与土壤N水平负相关.放牧后牧草生理活动变化与牧草遗传特性、种间竞争、家畜放牧特征、非生物环境等因素密切相关.