贵州荔波玉屏洞穴陆生动物食物来源及营养级

洞穴是“极端地下生物多样性”的聚集地, 为了揭示洞穴陆生动物的食物来源以及营养级关系, 本文于2016年10月对贵州荔波玉屏镇的3个代表性洞穴内的陆生动物进行调查, 应用¹³C和¹⁵N稳定同位素方法, 分析了洞内陆生动物和基础碳源的δ¹³C、δ¹⁵N值变化特征, 探究了各动物类群的营养级位置以及不同的基础碳源对动物的食物源的贡献率。结果表明: 洞穴植物的δ¹³C值范围为-38.25‰ ± 0.95‰至-29.44‰ ± 0.49‰, 土壤有机质δ¹³C值范围为-32.73‰ ± 0.03‰至-24.68‰ ± 0.41‰, 大部分不在洞穴植物的δ¹³C变化范围内。洞穴动物δ¹³C、δ¹⁵N值范围分别为-34.22‰ ± 0.39‰至-14.83‰ ± 0.78‰、1.86‰ ± 0.20‰至16.43‰ ± 0.05‰, 表现出较大的种(或类群)间差异。IsoSource软件估算结果表明, 洞穴土壤有机质对78.3%动物类群的食物源的贡献率高于植物。荔波玉屏洞穴消费者的营养级范围为1.01-5.32, 其中, 巨蚓科、螺类、潮虫科、马陆、大蚊科、夜蛾科主要处于第2营养层次; 蚰蜒科、蚁蛉科(幼虫)、蝙蝠处于第3营养层次; 蜚蠊科处于第2-3营养层次; 驼螽科、蠼螋科处于第2-4营养层次; 蜘蛛处于第2-5营养层次, 跨3个营养级。综上认为, 洞穴土壤有机质是洞穴消费者的主要食物基础。大部分同一类群的动物在洞穴中所处的营养级位置较稳定, 少部分同属于一个类群的动物在不同洞穴或同一洞穴不同光带所处的营养级位置有差异。     

基于稳定同位素的黄河三角洲盐碱地稻蟹种养系统中华绒螯蟹食物源分析

为探讨盐碱地稻蟹种养系统中华绒螯蟹食物源构成,2020年6—10月,在山东东营垦利区,采集稻田中华绒螯蟹及其所有可能食物来源样品,包括植物(伊乐藻、菹草、金鱼藻、浮萍、水稻茎叶、稻谷)、动物(底栖动物、浮游动物)、有机碎屑和人工饲料(配合饲料、玉米粕),并利用碳、氮稳定同位素(δ¹³C和δ¹⁵N)值进行分析,定量其在中华绒螯蟹食物组成中的贡献率。结果表明: 食物源样品δ¹³C值范围为-30.09‰～-11.24‰,δ¹⁵N值范围为0.03‰～12.78‰,不同食物源δ¹³C和δ¹⁵N值呈现明显差异。中华绒螯蟹肌肉中δ¹³C值变化范围为-24.61‰～-20.08‰,δ¹⁵N值变化范围为4.74‰～9.21‰,表明稻蟹种养系统中华绒螯蟹食物来源较丰富。养殖期间各食源贡献率为植物(46.7%～57.1%)>动物(21.5%～24.5%)>人工饲料(10.9%～21.3%)>有机碎屑(7.1%～7.9%)。可见,盐碱地稻田系统天然饵料基本能够满足中华绒螯蟹摄食需求,即使本试验投喂非动物性人工饵料,也未改变中华绒螯蟹主要食源贡献率。     

黔西南北盘江镇喀斯特高原峡谷区植被演替阶段碳氮稳定同位素特征

为了探究森林不同演替阶段碳氮(C、N)、稳定碳氮同位素值(δ¹³C、δ¹⁵N)随演替发生的变化特征与内在联系,该文以喀斯特高原峡谷区草灌、灌木、乔灌和乔木4个演替阶段的森林植物群落为研究对象,测定了叶片-凋落物-土壤的C、N及稳定同位素值,并分析其在不同层次间的互作效应。结果表明：(1)喀斯特地区森林叶片-凋落物-土壤δ¹³C值分别为-31.31‰～-28.23‰、-29.96‰～-20.07‰、-26.83‰～-21.14‰,相应的δ¹⁵N值依次为-3.41‰～1.54‰、-2.61‰～0.99‰、5.36‰～8.63‰,总体上土壤表现出富集效应。(2)伴随着演替发生,叶片δ¹³C值与土壤δ¹⁵N值均为先减小后增大,土壤、凋落物δ¹³C值呈降低趋势,叶片和凋落物δ¹⁵N值均无明显变化规律。(3)乔灌阶段叶片-土壤δ¹⁵N值最低,表明该阶段生态系统N饱和程度较小,N含量相对亏缺。(4)叶片-...     

基于稳定同位素技术的南海北部蓝圆鲹的营养生态位

蓝圆鲹(Decapterus maruadsi)是南海北部重要的经济鱼类之一。根据2019年9—10月在南海北部陆架区采集的样品,利用稳定同位素分析蓝圆鲹的营养生态位变化。结果表明：以长肋日月贝作为营养级计算的基线,蓝圆鲹营养级范围2.77～4.19,平均值为3.81;δ¹⁵N值范围7.29‰～12.10‰,平均值为10.83‰;δ¹³C值范围-19.32‰～-16.10‰,平均值为-17.94‰;δ¹⁵N与δ¹³C值呈正相关;δ¹⁵N和δ¹³C值随体长增大而升高,在约100 mm体长附近达到峰值,后趋于稳定并略有下降;C/N值随体长增大而降低,至约100 mm体长达到最低值,后略有升高;不同水深样品的C/N值无显著性差别(P>0.05);在对大体长样品(≥140 mm)分析发现,雌性蓝圆鲹的δ¹⁵N值显著高于雄性(P<0.05),但δ¹³C值和C/N值无显著差别(P>0.05)。     

应用碳氮稳定同位素研究贵州织金洞动物食物来源与营养级

应用碳氮稳定同位素分析织金洞有光带动物及其有机碳源的碳、氮稳定同位素比值,探讨有机碳源对洞穴动物的贡献率和洞穴动物的营养级。结果表明:植物δ~(13)C变化范围为(-43.46±0.06)‰~(-37.54±0.03)‰、δ~(15)N为(0.71±0.01)‰~(2.38±0.00)‰,土壤有机质δ~(13)C均值为(-24.99±0.01)‰,不在植物δ~(13)C的变化区间,说明该洞植被对土壤有机质(SOM)的贡献较小,δ~(15)N为(3.93±0.03)‰,较洞外土壤有机质δ~(15)N低;Iso Source软件计算6种有机碳源对洞穴动物的食源贡献率得出,土壤有机质对洞穴动物(除大蚊Tipula sp.和闪夜蛾Sypna sp.外)的食源贡献率均超过60%,高于植物,说明土壤有机质是洞穴生态系统的主要食源;根据营养级的计算公式得出,该生态系统由3个营养级构成;土壤有机质为第一营养级,裸灶螽(Diestrammena sp.)、粗糙鼠妇(Pocellio scaber)、角囊马陆(Camberlinius sp.)、平顶巴蜗牛(Bradybaena strictotaenia)、长踦盲蛛(Phalangiidae sp.)、栅蛛(Hahnia sp.)等为第二营养级,果蝇(Drosophila sp.)、上野行步甲(Uenotrechus sp.)、大部分蜘蛛类群为第三营养级。     

不同林型地表甲虫食性及营养级关系：基于碳氮稳定同位素分析

土壤动物联结着生态系统地上与地下部分的物质循环和能量流动,对生态系统的结构、功能及过程起着重要的调控作用。地表甲虫作为典型的大型土壤动物,在食物网中占有重要的位置,因此对不同林型地表甲虫的δ¹³C、δ¹⁵N同位素特征及营养关系研究对了解森林土壤动物的食性特征进而保护森林生物多样性是十分必要的。采集了小兴安岭凉水自然保护区6种不同林型的地表甲虫共10科31种,利用稳定同位素技术测定了甲虫中的δ¹³C、δ¹⁵N含量,并分析不同林型内地表甲虫的δ¹³C、δ¹⁵N值及营养级差异。结果表明6、7月份不同林型地表甲虫的δ¹³C、δ¹⁵N值差异显著(P<0.05),其中δ¹³C值在原始阔叶红松林和次生白桦林显著高于落叶松人工林和阔叶红松择伐林。δ¹⁵N值在阔叶红松择伐林显著高于其他5种林型。不同林型地表甲虫的营养级差异显著(P<0.05),林型内各物种营养级差异不显著(P...     

长江上游弥陀漫滩水体鱼类食物网动态的季节性变化

长江上游是我国鱼类生物多样性最为丰富的地区之一,漫滩作为河流生态系统的重要组成部分对维持区域鱼类生物多样性具有重要作用。于2019年丰水期(8月份)和枯水期间(11月份)应用碳、氮稳定同位素技术并结合Bayesian混合模型和SIBER分析方法,对长江上游弥陀漫滩水体鱼类食物网结构动态的季节性变化特征进行了研究。结果显示：丰水期基础碳源的δ¹³C、δ¹⁵N平均值分别为-23.02‰和2.58‰,范围分别为-31.01‰—-11.2‰(δ¹³C)和-0.51‰—6.84‰(δ¹⁵N);枯水期其δ¹³C、δ¹⁵N平均值分别为-21.93‰、7.22‰,范围分别为-26.31‰—-15.36‰(δ¹³C)和4.89‰—8.81‰(δ¹⁵N)。丰水期鱼类食物网能量主要依赖于外源性营养物质,食物链长度达到3.6级;枯水期内源性营养物质是食物网能量的主要贡献者,食物链长度为2.6级。相对于枯水期,丰水期间鱼类群落拥有更大的生...     

鬼箭锦鸡儿叶片和土壤碳稳定同位素特征及其影响因素

为探究高海拔地区的植物碳(C)循环过程与其生境的关系,以生长在高山地区的豆科灌木鬼箭锦鸡儿为研究对象,沿着横跨我国东西部山区的样带采集35个样点的鬼箭锦鸡儿叶片和土壤样品,分析了鬼箭锦鸡儿叶片碳稳定同位素组成(δ¹³C)、土壤δ¹³C、叶片和土壤δ¹³C差值(Δδ¹³C)在不同采样点的特征及其与气候因子、叶片和土壤元素的关系。结果表明:鬼箭锦鸡儿叶片δ¹³C的变化范围为-30.9‰～-27.1‰,平均值为-28.4‰,土壤δ¹³C的变化范围为-26.2‰～-23.2‰,平均值为-25.3‰,Δδ¹³C的变化范围为2.0‰～7.7‰,平均值为3.1‰;叶片δ¹³C显著低于土壤δ¹³C,且随着叶片δ¹³C增加,土壤δ¹³C先降低后升高;叶片δ¹³C与生长季均温和叶片C含量呈显著负相关,土壤δ¹³C与相对湿度和最暖月均温呈显著负相关,与土壤碳∶氮(C∶N)呈显著正相关,随土壤C含量的增加土壤δ¹³C先降低后升高,Δδ¹³C与叶片C含量、土壤C含量和土壤C∶N呈显著正相关;气候因子对叶片δ¹³C和Δδ¹³C具有直接影响,同时也通过对叶片和土壤元素的影响,间接导致叶片δ¹³C、土壤δ¹³C和Δδ¹³C的改变。高海拔地区的气候因子、叶片和土壤元素共同影响鬼箭锦鸡儿的C循环过程。     

浙江南部近海前肛鳗营养生态位变化研究——基于稳定同位素技术

基于2016年和2020年浙江南部近海收集的71尾前肛鳗样品,通过测定碳氮稳定同位素比值计算其营养生态位指标,对比分析前肛鳗不同发育过程、不同季节及不同年份营养生态位的差异,探究营养生态位的变动规律及对资源的利用情况。结果表明：(1)2016年和2020年前肛鳗平均δ¹³C值分别为(-15.19±0.31)‰、(-15.90±0.45)‰;平均δ¹⁵N值分别为(12.42±0.45)‰、(12.92±0.25)‰;(2)单因素方差分析表明,2016年前肛鳗不同发育过程δ¹³C值差异不显著(P>0.05),δ¹⁵N值差异显著(P<0.05),不同季节间δ¹³C值和δ¹⁵N值均存在显著差异(P<0.05),而2020年前肛鳗不同发育过程δ¹³C值和δ¹⁵N值差异均不显著(P>0.05),不同季节间δ¹³C值存在显著差异(P<0.05),δ¹⁵N...     

食物资源的枯竭对丹顶鹤营养位的影响

随着扎龙湿地生物资源的迅速减少,在该地栖息的丹顶鹤种群的营养关系可能发生显著的变化.本文使用稳定同位素(δ¹⁵N和δ¹³C)监测食物资源的枯竭对丹顶鹤营养位的影响.结果表明:丹顶鹤种群的δ¹⁵N和δ¹³C的丰度范围分别为6.9‰～8.1‰和-17.8‰～-18.5‰.扎龙湿地系统以大型水禽为食物顶端的食物链长度为3.8±0.2,其中丹顶鹤种群所处的平均营养位为3.1(范围在2.9～3.3).丹顶鹤的δ¹⁵N的丰度近年波动范围为7.4‰～8.8‰(波动幅度1.4,小于营养位发生显著变化的阈值3.4),这说明在该地区活动的丹顶鹤的营养位并没有随着大面积的栖息地和食物资源的消失而发生显著变化.然而,随着本地区生物资源的枯竭,丹顶鹤种群规模迅速减少,当前必须合理解决当地居民从湿地获取生活资源的需求与丹顶鹤觅食之间的矛盾,从而更好地保护这种濒危种群.     

应用稳定同位素研究广西东方洞食物网结构和营养级关系

稳定性同位素技术已经成为研究生态系统食物网结构和营养级关系及其动态变化的重要手段。应用稳定同位素技术(δ13C和δ15N)研究了东风洞的食物网结构和营养级关系。研究结果表明,东风洞主要为腐食食物链,由于在洞穴内黑暗带中无光照也无植物生长,所以碳源主要为东风洞中的土壤有机质,作为第一营养级;主要摄食关系为马陆与土壤有机物质,螺类与土壤有机物质等;在该洞生态系统中,将3种马陆直接作为初级消费者,以隅蛛和其它马陆平均值之间的差值(2.04‰)作为东风洞食物网稳定氮同位素的富集因子。根据营养级模型可知,马陆类群、细长钻螺等土壤动物,裸灶螽和涂闪夜蛾形成第二营养级,即初级消费者;第三营养级包括蜘蛛类、盲蛛、地蜈蚣以及黑眶蟾蜍,为次级消费者。     

人为营养物质输入对汉丰湖不同营养级生物的影响--稳定C、N同位素分析

以长江一级支流小江上游的汉丰湖为研究对象,设置了4个采样点(影响组:A, B;对照组:C, D),应用碳、氮稳定性同位素探讨人类生活污水和农业面源污染对汉丰湖水生生态系统中不同营养级水平生物类群的影响。结果表明:影响组POM(颗粒有机物)和螺类碳、氮稳定性同位素比值范围分别为-25.93‰--24.63‰、4.12‰-9.86‰,-14.28‰--21.60‰、7.97‰-19.99‰;对照组POM(颗粒有机物)和螺类碳、氮稳定性同位素比值范围分别为-25.62‰--22.51‰、0.01‰-6.56‰,-22.96‰--19.21‰、6.75‰-8.89‰;不同组间POM和初级消费者螺类碳同位素比值无明显空间变化(P>0.05), 而氮稳定性同位素比值空间变化显著(P<0.05)。因此,在汉丰湖食物网中,氮稳定性同位素特征更好地反应了营养物质(人为输入)吸收和富集的信息。与固着藻类、鱼类等相比,POM和软体动物螺类更适合作为环境评价的指示物。影响组A、B样点的部分生物类群已经受到了人为营养物质输入的影响,影响强度B样点区域>A样点区域。结果建议加强汉丰湖水环境保护,控制污水排放量及提高污水处理水平,对于保护小江和三峡库区水质具有十分重要的意义。     

Use of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes in insect trophic ecology

Insects are the most diverse organisms and often the most abundant animals in some ecosystems. Despite the importance of their functional roles and of the knowledge for conservation, the trophic ecology of many insect species is not fully understood. In this review, I present how stable carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) isotopes have been used to reveal the trophic ecology of insects over the last 30 years. The isotopic studies on insects have used differences in C isotope ratios between C₃ and C₄ plants, along vertical profiles of temperate and tropical forest stands, and between terrestrial and aquatic resources. These differences enable exploration of the relative importance of the food resources, as well as movement and dispersal of insects across habitats. The ¹³C‐enrichment (approximately 3‰) caused by saprotrophic fungi can allow the estimation of the importance of fungi in insect diets. Stable N isotopes have revealed food resource partitioning across diverse insect species above and belowground. Detritivorous insects often show a large trophic enrichment in ¹³C (up to 3‰) and ¹⁵N (up to 10‰) relative to the food substrates, soil organic matter. These values are greater than those commonly used for estimation of trophic level. This enrichment likely reflects the prevalence of soil microbial processes, such as fungal development and humification, influencing the isotopic signatures of diets in detritivores. Isotope analysis can become an essential tool in the exploration of insect trophic ecology in terms of biogeochemical C and N cycles, including trophic interactions, plant physiological and soil microbial processes.     

Use of stable isotopes to understand food webs in Macao wetlands

In this study, components of the food-web in Macao wetlands were quantified using stable isotope ratio techniques based on carbon and nitrogen values. The δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N values of particulate organic matter (δ¹³C_POM and δ¹⁵N_POM, respectively) ranged from ?30.64 ± 1.0 to ?28.1 ± 0.7 ‰, and from ?1.11 ± 0.8 to 3.98 ± 0.7 ‰, respectively. The δ¹³C values of consumer species ranged from ?33.94 to ?16.92 ‰, showing a wide range from lower values in a freshwater lake and inner bay to higher values in a mangrove forest. The distinct dietary habits of consumer species and the location-specific food source composition were the main factors affecting the δ¹³C values. The consumer ¹⁵N-isotope enrichment values suggested that there were three trophic levels; primary, secondary, and tertiary. The primary consumer trophic level was represented by freshwater herbivorous gastropods, filter-feeding bivalves, and plankton-feeding fish, with a mean δ¹⁵N value of 5.052 ‰. The secondary consumer level included four deposit-feeding fish species distributed in Fai Chi Kei Bay and deposit-feeding gastropods in the Lotus Flower Bridge flat, with a mean δ¹⁵N value of 6.794 ‰. The tertiary consumers group consisted of four crab species, one shrimp species, and four fish species in the Lotus Flower Bridge Flat, with a mean δ¹⁵N value of 13.473 ‰. Their diet mainly comprised organic debris, bottom fauna, and rotten animal tissues. This study confirms the applicability of the isotopic approach in food web studies.     

Uncovering trophic positions and food resources of soil animals using bulk natural stable isotope composition

Despite the major importance of soil biota in nutrient and energy fluxes, interactions in soil food webs are poorly understood. Here we provide an overview of recent advances in uncovering the trophic structure of soil food webs using natural variations in stable isotope ratios. We discuss approaches of application, normalization and interpretation of stable isotope ratios along with methodological pitfalls. Analysis of published data from temperate forest ecosystems is used to outline emerging concepts and perspectives in soil food web research. In contrast to aboveground and aquatic food webs, trophic fractionation at the basal level of detrital food webs is large for carbon and small for nitrogen stable isotopes. Virtually all soil animals are enriched in ¹³C as compared to plant litter. This ‘detrital shift’ likely reflects preferential uptake of ¹³C‐enriched microbial biomass and underlines the importance of microorganisms, in contrast to dead plant material, as a major food resource for the soil animal community. Soil organic matter is enriched in ¹⁵N and ¹³C relative to leaf litter. Decomposers inhabiting mineral soil layers therefore might be enriched in ¹⁵N resulting in overlap in isotope ratios between soil‐dwelling detritivores and litter‐dwelling predators. By contrast, ¹³C content varies little between detritivores in upper litter and in mineral soil, suggesting that they rely on similar basal resources, i.e. little decomposed organic matter. Comparing vertical isotope gradients in animals and in basal resources can be a valuable tool to assess trophic interactions and dynamics of organic matter in soil. As indicated by stable isotope composition, direct feeding on living plant material as well as on mycorrhizal fungi is likely rare among soil invertebrates. Plant carbon is taken up predominantly by saprotrophic microorganisms and channelled to higher trophic levels of the soil food web. However, feeding on photoautotrophic microorganisms and non‐vascular plants may play an important role in fuelling soil food webs. The trophic niche of most high‐rank animal taxa spans at least two trophic levels, implying the use of a wide range of resources. Therefore, to identify trophic species and links in food webs, low‐rank taxonomic identification is required. Despite overlap in feeding strategies, stable isotope composition of the high‐rank taxonomic groups reflects differences in trophic level and in the use of basal resources. Different taxonomic groups of predators and decomposers are likely linked to different pools of organic matter in soil, suggesting different functional roles and indicating that trophic niches in soil animal communities are phylogenetically structured. During last two decades studies using stable isotope analysis have elucidated the trophic structure of soil communities, clarified basal food resources of the soil food web and revealed links between above‐ and belowground ecosystem compartments. Extending the use of stable isotope analysis to a wider range of soil‐dwelling organisms, including microfauna, and a larger array of ecosystems provides the perspective of a comprehensive understanding of the structure and functioning of soil food webs.     

中国北方干湿气候区C_3草本植物δ~（13）C值及其与湿润指数的关系

通过对中国北方C3草本植物稳定性碳同位素的测定以及有关该区植被碳同位素资料的收集,共获取了47个样点的地理位置、气候因子和325个植物样品的碳同位素数据;计算了中国北方不同气候分区的湿润指数,分析了C3草本植物δ13C值的空间特征以及与湿润指数等环境因子之间的关系。在所调查的范围内,中国北方地区C3草本植物δ13C值的分布区间为-29.9‰--25.4‰,平均值为-27.3‰。C3草本植物δ13C的平均值从半湿润地区到半干旱地区再到干旱地区显著变重;3个气候分区植物δ13C值的变化范围分别是-29.9‰--26.7‰（半湿润区）、-28.4‰--25.6‰（半干旱区）和-28.0‰--25.4‰（干旱区）。一元回归分析表明,各气候分区C3草本植物δ13C值与湿润指数的关系存在差异,在半干旱区、半湿润区和整个北方地区,C3草本植物δ13C值与湿润指数均呈显著线性负相关（P〈0.05）,随着湿润指数的增加,C3植物δ13C平均值均变轻,但下降幅度不同。而在北方干旱气候区内,C3草本植物δ13C与湿润指数呈显著正相关（P〈0.05）,湿润指数每升高0.1,植物δ13C平均值增加1.3‰。年均温度可能是决定该区内各样点湿润指数和C3植物对13C分馏能力差别的主要原因。     

Linking aboveground and belowground food webs through carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analyses

Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N) have been used for more than two decades in analyses of food web structure. The utility of isotope ratio measurements is based on the observation that consumer δ¹³C values are similar (<1‰ difference) to those of their diet, while consumer δ¹⁵N values are about 3‰ higher than those of their diet. The technique has been applied most often to aquatic and aboveground terrestrial food webs. However, few isotope studies have examined terrestrial food web structure that includes both above- and belowground (detrital) components. Here, we review factors that may influence isotopic signatures of terrestrial consumers in above- and belowground systems. In particular, we emphasize variations in δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N in belowground systems, e.g., enrichment of ¹³C and ¹⁵N in soil organic matter (likely related to soil microbial metabolism). These enrichments should be associated with the high ¹³C (~3‰) enrichment in belowground consumers relative to litter and soil organic matter and with the large variation in δ¹⁵N (~6‰) of the consumers. Because such enrichment and variation are much greater than the trophic enrichment generally used to estimate consumer trophic positions, and because many general predators are considered dependent on energy and material flows from belowground, the isotopic variation in belowground systems should be taken into account in δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N analyses of terrestrial food webs. Meanwhile, by measuring the δ¹³C of key predators, the linkage between above- and belowground systems could be estimated based on observed differences in δ¹³C of primary producers, detritivores and predators. Furthermore, radiocarbon (¹⁴C) measurements will allow the direct estimation of the dependence of predators on the belowground systems.     

基于稳定同位素研究海州湾短吻红舌鳎的摄食生态

根据2018年春季和秋季在海州湾海域进行底拖网调查采集的样品,基于碳氮稳定同位素分析,对海州湾短吻红舌鳎的摄食生态进行研究。结果表明: 海州湾短吻红舌鳎的δ¹³C值平均值为(-17.79±1.00)‰,其范围在-20.75‰～-15.91‰;δ¹⁵N值平均值为(9.37±1.33)‰,其范围在5.98‰～12.02‰。Pearson相关分析表明,海州湾短吻红舌鳎δ¹³C值与体长呈显著负相关,δ¹⁵N值与体长呈显著正相关。根据δ¹⁵N值计算得出海州湾短吻红舌鳎的平均营养级为(3.43±0.97),且营养级与体长呈显著正相关。海州湾短吻红舌鳎摄食的饵料生物有鱼类、蟹类、虾类、软体动物、多毛类、浮游生物和颗粒有机物等,其中虾类的营养贡献率最高。秋季鱼类、蟹类、虾类对短吻红舌鳎的营养贡献率较春季有所增高。本研究将有助于揭示短吻红舌鳎在海州湾生态系统物质循环和能量流动中的地位和作用,为其资源保护和合理利用提供科学依据。     

Feeding ecology of pelagic fish larvae and juveniles in slope waters of the Gulf of Mexico

Stable isotope ratios of carbon (δ¹³C) and nitrogen (δ¹⁵N) were used to investigate feeding patterns of larval and early juvenile pelagic fishes in slope waters of the Gulf of Mexico. Contribution of organic matter supplied to fishes and trophic position within this pelagic food web was estimated in 2007 and 2008 by comparing dietary signatures of the two main producers in this ecosystem: phytoplankton [based on particulate organic matter (POM)] and Sargassum spp. Stable isotope ratios of POM and pelagic Sargassum spp. were significantly different from one another with δ¹³C values of POM depleted by 3–6‰ and δ¹⁵N values enriched by 2 relative to Sargassum spp. Stable isotope ratios were significantly different among the five pelagic fishes examined: blue marlin Makaira nigricans, dolphinfish Coryphaena hippurus, pompano dolphinfish Coryphaena equiselis, sailfish Istiophorus platypterus and swordfish Xiphias gladius. Mean δ¹³C values ranged almost 2 among fishes and were most depleted in I. platypterus. In addition, mean δ¹⁵N values ranged 4–5 with highest mean values found for both C. hippurus and C. equiselis and the lowest mean value for M. nigricans during both years. Increasing δ¹³C or δ¹⁵N with standard length suggested that shifts in trophic position and diet occurred during early life for several species examined. Results of a two‐source mixing model suggest approximately an equal contribution of organic matter by both sources (POM = 55%; pelagic Sargassum spp. = 45%) to the early life stages of pelagic fishes examined. Contribution of organic matter, however, varied among species, and sensitivity analyses indicated that organic source estimates changed from 2 to 13% for a δ¹³C fractionation change of ±0·25‰ or a δ¹⁵N fractionation change of ± 1·0‰ relative to original fractionation values.     

流溪河水库颗粒有机物及浮游动物碳、氮稳定同位素特征

为了解影响流溪河水库颗粒有机物(POM)碳和氮稳定同位素(δ¹³C和δ¹⁵N)变化的主要因素,及其与浮游动物δ¹³C和δ¹⁵N之间的关系,于2008年5月至12月份对POM及浮游动物的δ¹³C和δ¹⁵N进行了研究。颗粒有机物碳稳定同位素(δ¹³C_POM)和氮稳定同位素(δ¹⁵N_POM)的季节性变化幅度分别为5.1‰和2.2‰,5月和7月份δ¹³C_POM较高,而在10月和12月份降低,这主要与降雨将大量外源有机物带入水库而引起的外源及内源有机物在POM组成上发生变化有关。δ¹⁵N_POM总体呈上升趋势,可能是由降雨引起的外源负荷、初级生产力、生物固氮等因素共同作用的结果。浮游动物的δ¹³C及δ¹⁵N总的变化趋势与POM的相似,也具有明显的季节性变化,食物来源的季节变化可能是造成其变化的主要原因。在5月份,浮游动物的食物来源为POM中δ¹³C较高的部分,也就是外源有机物,而在10月及12月份,其食物则可能主要为浮游植物。