用~(32)P标记喜马拉雅旱獭研究跳蚤与宿主之间的关系

<正> 近年来,在啮齿动物及其体外寄生虫的生态学研究中,确定其寄主之交换,迁移频度、距离、媒介效能,以及和病原体之间的关系、流行病学上的作用等一系列的问题上,应用放射性示踪的方法,有较其它一些研究方法所难以完成的优点及其独特的效果。吸血节肢动物可以通过吸吮注射过放射性同位素物质的寄主动物之血液而自行标记(内标记)。这是早已被一些学者所证实的。由于有了准确和灵敏的电子测量仪器,放射性示踪方法在试验室内进行生物学的研究中,早已得到广泛应用。但是在野外对野生动物进行示踪观察时,往往由于复杂的电子仪器装备、调整、维修和能源的供应等问题     

喜马拉雅旱獭核型研究

作者采用外周血淋巴细胞培养方法,研究喜马拉雅旱獭的核型。染色体数目,2n=38。常染色体中有24个中着丝粒和亚中着丝粒染色体;12个端或亚端着丝粒染色体。X为亚中着丝粒染色体,Y为端着丝粒染色体。     

喜马拉雅旱獭迁移特征研究

喜马拉雅旱獭(Marmota himalayana)是祁连山地区的主要啮齿动物,也是该地区鼠疫疫源地主要的贮存宿主。研究旱獭生态对鼠疫流行病学和生产活动具有重要的意义。1973-1975年,我们在甘肃省肃南县皇城上石桥地区对旱獭生态进行了系统的观察研究。本文仅报道其中有关迁移方面的研究结果。     

喜马拉雅旱獭的能量代谢初试

喜马拉雅旱獭(Marmota himalayana)是青藏高原上的特有种,目前还未见有关生理学研究资料。我们于1982年12月1-10日,对5只喜马拉雅旱獭作了能量代谢的初步测定,现报道如下。 喜马拉雅旱獭捕自青海省海晏县热水滩地区,11月初送到我所饲养房喂养。12月份,饲养室气温为5-15℃,旱獭仍进食未冬眠。试验时,室温控制在10-13℃。用半导体点温计测肛温,由心电图计算心率。能量代谢试验通过改装的口鼻罩收集连续5分钟呼出气体,用煤气流量计测呼出气体量,用英国的Corning165型pH/Blood gas分析仪测定呼出气中CO₂与O₂含量,计算出O₂耗量与CO₂产生量,进而推算出呼吸商,产热量及基础代谢量。又用密闭式呼吸室法测得呼吸商与其口鼻罩法测得的结果讲行比较。     

喜马拉雅旱獭G带染色体研究

喜马拉雅旱獭Ｇ带染色体研究尹敬如,朱慧君,王文青,杨生玺,李芳（青海医学院,西宁,８１０００１）喜马拉雅旱獭（Ｍａｒｍｏｔａｈｉｍａｌａｙａｎａ）是青藏高原高寒草甸草原广泛栖息的野生哺乳动物,其皮、毛、肉、油均有较高的经济价值。王懋钦等（１９８９,兽...     

喜马拉雅旱獭的洞型观察

旱獭与医学关系密切,又有很高的经济价值。过去国内外对蒙古旱獭(Marmota sibirica)、灰旱獭(M. baibacina)、草原旱獭(M. bobac)和长尾旱獭(M. caudata)等的洞型都有报道。本文系作者1960-1975年在甘肃省洮江县和青海省共和县,剖析观察了喜马拉雅旱獭(M. himalayana)150余个洞型结构资料,现简报如下。     

极为罕见的黑色喜马拉雅旱獭

1973年我们于天祝松山滩毛毛山,海拔二千五百余米的高山草甸草原上捕获三只全身黑色,无一根杂毛的黑旱獭。经外形头骨测量鉴定,除毛色变异外,其它均与喜马拉雅旱獭特征完全一致,应属于喜马拉雅旱獭(Marmota himalayana)。此种旱獭栖居地区的植被与附近同     

滇西北部喜马拉雅旱獭的生态观察

滇西北部的喜马拉雅旱獭 Marmota himalayana rabusta(Milen-Edwards)(下称旱獭)据现有资料,仅分布于德钦及中甸。现将1965年5—10月在德钦地区所获生态观察资料整理于后,供参考。     

二种蚤幼虫形态描述

自Laboulbene(1872)开始对猫栉首蚤Ctenocephalides felis幼虫形态进行描述以后,我国王敦清(1956)、柳支英(1957)、虞以新(1957)、孙昌秀(1965)、叶瑞玉等(1982)先后共描述过18种蚤幼形态。本文描述作者曾养殖过未见报道的斧形盖蚤Callopsylladolabris(Jordan ＆ Rothschild,1911)和谢氏山蚤Oropsylla silantiewi (Wagner,1898)两种蚤幼虫形态。此两种蚤是青藏高原喜马拉雅旱獭Marmota himalayana Hodgson的主要寄生蚤,也是我省旱獭鼠疫自然疫源地的主要媒介昆虫,其寄生数量之多,前者占第一位,后者占第二位。     

The incorporation of 32P into spectrin aggregates following incubation of erythrocytes in 32P-labelled inorganic phosphate

³²P was incorporated into spectrin by incubation of fresh erythrocytes with ³²P_i and glucose. The dimer and tetramer aggregates revealed only covalently-bound incorporation of phosphorus, while a higher aggregate of spectrin revealed both covalent and non-covalent incorporation. The specific activity of the covalently-bound phosphorus in all oligomers was identical, suggesting that the state of association is independent of phosphorylation. The non-covalent incorporation was shown to be due to the association of ATP with this higher aggregate. The nucleotide appears not to be bound directly to spectrin but rather to component 5 (erythrocyte actin) which is also found to be associated with this highly aggregated spectrin structure.     

温度对外源性^32P在水、铜绿微囊藻和底泥中迁移的影响

采用同位素示踪法,在实验室模拟研究不同温度下外源性无机磷酸盐在水、铜绿微囊藻(Micro-fystis aeruginoas)和底泥中的迁移过程,外源性³²P加入水中后,首先是一种与温度无关的快速物理化学分配,大量溶解性磷酸盐迅速进入底泥和微囊藻中,随后水中³²P的迁移主要受微囊藻生长状况的影响,温度升高有利于微囊藻的生长,并提高了微囊藻吸磷的速度,微囊藻中最大外源性磷浓度只与水环境中的初始磷浓度有关,25℃时铜绿微囊藻的生长曲线有7d的对数期,没有明显的稳定期就转入衰亡期,在25℃时,当微囊藻超积累P到一定程度后,其对数生长同细胞内含P量无关,随着时间的推移,外源性³²P不断向底泥中迁移,实验末期所有的³²P都转移到底泥中,提高温度使水中溶解性外源性磷的下降速率加快,7d后水中溶解的外源性磷浓度低于0．00716mg·L^-1。     

A simple method for synthesizing [γ-32P]nucleoside triphosphates using [32P]acetylphosphate and acetate kinase

A simple, rapid, and inexpensive method is described for the synthesis of γ-³²P-labeled ribo- or deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates. The procedure involves chemical synthesis of [³²P]acetylphosphate and subsequent phosphorylation of nucleoside diphosphates using acetate kinase (EC 2.7.2.1) and a final purification step. The entire procedure is performed 8 h or less.     

The enzymic synthesis of β-[32P]UDP-N-acetylglucosamine

Cells of Micrococcus sp. 2102 incorporate inorganic [³²P]phosphate from the medium into the sugar-phosphate polymer of the wall. Controlled acid hydrolysis of sodium dodecyl sulphate-extracted cells gives N-acetylglucosamine 6-[³²P]phosphate which can be purified by ion-exchange chromatography and incubated with UTP in the presence of crude preparations of phosphoacetylglucosamine mutase from Neurospora crassa and UTP: N-acetylglucosamine 1-phosphate phosphotransferase from Bacillus licheniformis which act in concert to synthesise β-[³²P]UDP-N-acetylglucosamine.     

NOREPINEPHRINE INCREASES THE [32P]LABELLING OF A SPECIFIC PHOSPHOLIPID FRACTION OF POST-SYNAPTIC PINEAL MEMBRANES

Abstract— Cultured pineal glands incorporated ³²P into membrane phospholipids. Treatment of cultured glands with norepinephrine, which is known to stimulate membrane- bound pineal adenyl cyclase and to increase the production and secretion of melatonin, stimulated the incorporation of ³²P into a phospholipid fraction of membranes and particulates containing phosphatidyl serine and phosphatidyl inositol. The labelling of other phospholipid fractions and the total ³²P in the gland were not changed by norepinephrine treatment. Experiments with chronically-denervated pineal glands indicated that the effect of norepinephrine on the [³²P]labelling of phospholipids occurred at a postsynaptic site. When norepinephrine-stimulated secretion of melatonin was partially inhibited by p -chlorophenylalanine (a compound which blocks the synthesis of melatonin precursors), the norepinephrine-stimulated labelling of phospholipids was still observed. Conversely, when melatonin secretion was stimulated in the absence of norepinephrine by treatment with the immediate precursor of melatonin, N -acetylserotonin, a stimulation of ³²P- labelling of phospholipids did not occur. These observations suggest that the increased [³²P]- labelling of a phospholipid fraction caused by the norepinephrine treatment is not related to the secretion of melatonin. This effect on phospholipids may be associated with the interaction of norepinephrine with a membrane-bound postsynaptic receptor. Stimulation by norepinephrine of [³²P]-incorporation into phospholipids has not been previously reported to occur in a tissue in which cholinergic fibres are absent.     

~(32)P示踪法研究溶磷真菌对磷肥转化固定和有效性的影响

采用³²P示踪技术,研究了溶磷青霉菌P8对肥料磷与土壤有效磷的转化、固定和有效性的影响.结果表明,溶磷青霉菌菌剂能够增加玉米、花生的生物量,促进作物对土壤和肥料磷素的吸收;溶磷菌剂具有防止有效磷转化为难溶Ca₁₀-P的作用,增加有效态磷(Ca₂-³²P、Ca₈-³²P)的比例.随时间延长,施入的³²P转化为Ca₁₀-P的数量(或比例)逐渐增加,但是相对于未接种菌剂处理,接种青霉菌菌剂的土壤磷和肥料磷转化为Ca₁₀-P比例最低.溶磷青霉菌菌剂不仅能够防止有效磷向难溶磷Ca₁₀-P的转化,而且其效果能够维持较长时间.     

用低放射性强度131I与198Au标记家白蚁的试验

近十多年来,利用放射性同位素~(131)I、~(198)Au标记法研究白蚁的活动规律、危害范围以及示踪探巢等多有报道,但一般使用的放射性强度比较大,为数个至十多个毫居里(mc),弊病较多。为此开展了用低放射性强度微居里(μc)级的~(131)I和~(198)Au标记家白蚁(Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki)的试验研究。结果表明,使用放射性同位素~(131)I和~(198)Au5O—150μc标记诱集箱内的白蚁,即可达到上述研究和防治家白蚁的目的。