紫外光和蓝光对云斑天牛行为反应和诱捕效果研究

本文研究了云斑天牛Batocera horsfieldi (Hope)对不同波段光源的选择性,寻找云斑天牛敏感波长光源,为云斑天牛绿色防治技术提供科学依据。采用波长为365~370 nm,370~375 nm,380~385 nm,385~390 nm和395~400 nm 5种紫外光以及400~405 nm,405~410 nm,410~415 nm和415~420 nm 4种蓝光,进行室内行为试验和野外诱捕试验,测定云斑天牛对紫外光和蓝光的趋性差异。结果显示：9种不同波长光源对云斑天牛均表现出一定的引诱作用。385~390 nm紫外光对云斑天牛的引诱效果最好,在室内行为试验中对云斑天牛引诱数量分别为2.80±0.37头/次和3.40±0.51头/次,显著优于其它紫外光和蓝光波段光源（P＜0.05）;385~390 nm紫外光在野外诱捕试验中对云斑天牛诱捕数量分别为4.53±0.30头/次和4.47±0.41头/次,同样显著优于其它紫外光和蓝光波段光源（P＜0.05）;385~390 nm波长光源在室内行为试验中引诱到的云斑天牛雌雄比分别为1∶1.80 和1∶1.83,但在野外诱捕试验中诱捕到的云斑天牛雌雄比为1∶0.79和1∶0.86。本研究结果表明,云斑天牛对385~390 nm紫外光具有较强的趋性,显著高于其他4种紫外光和4种蓝光。光源诱捕为云斑天牛提供了一种新的防控思路,对于这种林业重大害虫的绿色防控具有重要意义。     

The different responses of Batocera horsfieldi adults to Juglans regia bark and leaf volatile compounds

Batocera horsfieldi (Hope) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is an important pole borer pest. It causes serious harm to various hosts, particularly Juglans regia L. (Juglandaceae). In this study, headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), and electroantennogram (EAG) responses were combined to examine the mechanism by which B. horsfieldi adults locate their host, J. regia. The results showed that J. regia contained 65 volatile compounds in all, with 36 and 42 volatile substances in bark and leaves, respectively. Moreover, terpenes accounted for the largest relative content among the volatile compounds of bark and leaves, 43.4 and 78.9%, respectively. Ten of 19 selected volatile components elicited significant EAG responses in adult B. horsfieldi, which indicated that the pest may prefer certain volatile compounds when selecting a host. Sex and volatile concentration affected the responses of B. horsfieldi. Male adults had the strongest EAG responses to 1-octen-3-ol, whereas female adults had the strongest EAG responses to linalool. Host selection in B. horsfieldi was somewhat positively associated with the concentrations of the effective volatile compounds in the host. Furthermore, B. horsfieldi showed varying preferences for isomers. This work provided data support for the development of insect attractants, and laid a theoretical foundation for the ecological protection of local forestry.     

两种对云斑天牛有林间诱捕效果的植物源物质

【目的】为了探明对云斑天牛Batocera horsfieldi(Hope)有效的引诱物质。【方法】研究了云斑天牛对白蜡树、山核桃、黄山栾树和野蔷薇4种寄主植物的室内取食偏好性,采用动态顶空吸附法结合气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)分析了植物挥发物成分,然后利用触角电位-气相色谱联用技术(GC-EAD)测定植物挥发物对云斑天牛触角的反应,最后对相关化合物进行了野外诱捕试验。【结果】结果表明:云斑天牛最喜欢取食的寄主植物是白蜡树,其次是黄山栾树和山核桃,野蔷薇没有取食;寄主植物挥发物成分中,萜烯类和烷烃类等物质占主要成分,不同寄主植物的挥发物中多种成分存在显著性差异;壬醛引起了云斑天牛显著的GC-EAD反应;最后,林间诱捕试验结果显示,顺-3-己烯醇和壬醛分别在林间诱捕到了一定量的云斑天牛,并且都是雄虫,同时顺-3-己烯醇还诱捕到了星天牛Anoplophora chinensis(Forster)。【结论】试验结果说明,顺-3-己烯醇和壬醛是两种对云斑天牛具有林间引诱效果的植物源物质,同时,顺-3-己烯醇是云斑天牛和星天牛共享的植物源引诱物质。     

云斑天牛对补充营养寄主的选择性

通过林间调查和室内选择性试验,研究云斑天牛Batocera horsfieldi(Hope)成虫在补充营养阶段对多种寄主植物的选择性。林间调查结果表明,云斑天牛成虫对法国冬青(V.awabuki)和光皮桦(B.luninifera)有较强的嗜食性,林间最高取食选择率分别为100%和92.4%。利用"Y"型嗅觉仪测定云斑天牛成虫对法国冬青、核桃(Jugians regia L.)、光皮桦和杨树(Populus tomentosa)等寄主挥发物的行为反应,生测结果与林间调查及室内选择结果一致,法国冬青和光皮桦的挥发物对云斑天牛引诱效果明显,并且枝条挥发物引诱力高于叶片挥发物,引诱效果最佳的组合为:采用蒸馏法,用二氯甲烷提取的冬青枝叶粗提物;采用浸提法,用乙醚提取的冬青和光皮桦枝叶粗提物和二氯甲烷分别提取的冬青枝和叶的粗提物。     

苹毛丽金龟对植物挥发物成分的触角电位及行为反应

为筛选适宜的苹毛丽金龟Proagopertha lucidula (Faldermann)引诱剂化学物质, 对已报道的金龟子科两性引诱剂单一组分进行了触角电位（EAG）和Y型嗅觉仪中的嗅觉反应测定。结果表明: 在10 μg刺激剂量下测试的11 种植物挥发物中, 只有顺-3-己烯-1-醇、香叶醇、茴香脑和丁香酚有明确的EAG反应值, 其他7种化合物具有弱反应值。剂量反应曲线表明, 具有明确的EAG活性的4种化合物激发的反应强度与化合物的剂量呈正相关。在Y型嗅觉仪中, 顺-3-己烯-1-醇、香叶醇、茴香脑和丁香酚4种化合物在1, 10, 100 μg剂量下的行为反应百分率都显著高于对照溶剂正己烷, 且雌雄之间无显著差异。该研究结果可为开发苹毛丽金龟田间引诱剂奠定基础。     

杨树上云斑天牛种群的空间格局及抽样技术

云斑天牛Batocera horsfieldi是我国南方杨树的重要蛀干害虫, 研究云斑天牛种群的空间格局和抽样技术, 可为该虫的危害调查与防治提供理论依据。应用Taylor的幂法则、Iwao m*-m回归分析法及6个聚集指标, 对云斑天牛种群的卵、幼虫、蛹或成虫的空间分布型和抽样技术进行了研究, 并做了影响因素分析。结果表明: 云斑天牛的卵、幼虫、蛹或成虫在杨树上均呈聚集分布, 分布的基本成分是个体群, 其聚集性随密度的增加而增大。运用Iwao m*-m回归中的两个参数α和β值, 计算出了在不同精度下以刻槽、排粪孔和羽化孔为防治指标时的理论抽样数据表及序贯抽样数据表,生产中可查阅使用。     

豆野螟成虫触角对植物挥发性和性信息素化合物的触角电位反应

以顺3-己烯乙酸酯为标准化合物,研究了豆野螟雌、雄成虫触角对不同浓度的植物挥发性和性信息素化合物组分的触角电位（EAG）反应.结果表明：豆野螟雌、雄成虫触角对植物挥发性气味具有强烈的EAG反应,但在大部分浓度下,雌、雄虫的反应没有显著差异.在测试的9种植物挥发性化合物中,雌、雄虫对高浓度反-2-己烯醛刺激的相对EAG反应的最大值分别达到250%和260%,且雌、雄虫触角对这种化合物的EAG反应的形状也有很大差异;但对豇豆花气味中的柏木烯和柏木脑没有明显的EAG反应.雌、雄蛾对性信息素都有明显反应,且雌、雄虫的反应存在显著差异,雄虫触角对性信息素化合物主要组分（反10,反12）-十六碳二烯醛的EAG反应的最大值达到250%,远超过雌虫反应的最大值(53%).雌、雄成虫这种神经感觉反应的差异反映了它们在感器结构、功能和行为上的差异.     

Electroantennogram responses of aphid nymphs to plant volatiles

Abstract. Electroantennogram (EAG) responses of immature aphids were investigated for 30 plant volatile compounds in third‐ and fourth‐stadium nymphs of the black bean aphid, Aphis fabae. The nymphs were destined to develop into adult alate (winged) virginoparae. The EAG response profiles were similar to those previously reported in the adults. Among the compounds tested, hexanonitrile elicited the largest EAG responses in both nymphal stadia, corresponding to previously reported results with adults. Six‐carbon aliphatic compounds showed relatively higher EAG activities in the nymphs but, in contrast, (E)‐2‐hexenal, benzaldehyde, α‐pinene and β‐pinene, and citronellal elicited relatively smaller EAG responses in nymphs than adults. Although overall EAG response profiles were similar between the third and the fourth stadia for the majority of the volatiles, four aldehyde compounds, hexanal (E)‐2‐heptenal, 2‐hydroxybenzaldehyde and citronellal, showed relatively higher EAG activities in the third than in the fourth stadium. The present study indicates that aphid nymphs possess a functional olfactory receptor system before the antennae are fully developed morphologically and physiologically.     

稻纵卷叶螟对43种禾本科植物挥发物的触角电位(EAG)反应

【目的】为了筛选对稻纵卷叶螟Cnaphalocrocis medinalis成虫有生物活性的植物挥发物,为开发植物引诱剂诱集稻纵卷叶螟提供依据。【方法】采用触角电位技术(Electroantennogram,EAG)测定了稻纵卷叶螟雌雄蛾对来自禾本科植物的43种挥发物的触角电位反应。【结果】稻纵卷叶螟雌、雄蛾对50 000μL/L反-2-己烯醛的EAG反应分别较对照高16.6倍、10.9倍。稻纵卷叶螟雄蛾对50 000μL/L正戊醛的EAG反应值为(7.347±1.582)m V,是对照的2.6倍;对5 000μL/L和50 000μL/L苯甲醛的EAG反应分别较对照高2.0倍、2.4倍;对50μL/L、500μL/L水杨酸甲酯的EAG反应较对照分别提高了65.2%、72.1%。【结论】反-2-己烯醛、正戊醛、苯甲醛、水杨酸甲酯对稻纵卷叶螟具有EAG活性,可能为稻纵卷叶螟植物源引诱剂的主要成分。     

A method for the solvent extraction of low-boiling-point plant volatiles

A new method has been developed for the extraction of volatiles from plant materials and tested on seedling tissue and mature leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana, pine needles and commercial mixtures of plant volatiles. Volatiles were extracted with n-pentane and then subjected to quick distillation at a moderate temperature. Under these conditions, compounds such as pigments, waxes and non-volatile compounds remained undistilled, while short-chain volatile compounds were distilled into a receiving flask using a high-efficiency condenser. Removal of the n-pentane and concentration of the volatiles in the receiving flask was carried out using a Vigreux column condenser prior to GC-MS. The method is ideal for the rapid extraction of low-boiling-point volatiles from small amounts of plant material, such as is required when conducting metabolic profiling or defining biological properties of volatile components from large numbers of mutant lines.     

竹横锥大象对寄主及虫体挥发物的行为和触角电位反应

为了探明竹横锥大象Cyrtotrachelus buqueti Guerin-Meneville是否存在两性间的引诱作用,以及寄主植物慈竹Neosinocalamus affinis笋对两性行为的影响,采用Y型嗅觉仪测定了竹横锥大象雌、雄成虫对4种虫体及寄主挥发物不同处理（雌、雄成虫,慈竹笋与雌、雄成虫的复合体）的行为反应,测定了触角不同部位对雌雄成虫3种虫体的提取物（整体、鞘翅、后肠）及其与寄主植物挥发物质联合作用的触角电位反应（EAG）。结果表明：雌成虫挥发物对雄虫有较高的引诱活性,对雌虫有驱避作用;雄成虫挥发物对雌虫有一定的引诱作用。雌、雄成虫对虫体与竹笋复合体气味的行为和电生理反应均显著或极显著高于对相应虫体挥发物的反应。经EAG测定,触角各部位对虫体不同部位挥发物的EAG值差异明显,触角端部对虫体与植物挥发性物质的联合作用EAG反应差异极其显著（P＜0.01）。竹横锥大象对沾染雌雄成虫虫体提取物的玻璃棒有一定的兴奋表现,雌虫兴奋率为6.67%,雄虫为26.67%。结果提示,竹横锥大象种内存在信息素,雌虫释放的信息素对同类雄虫有很强的引诱作用,而雄虫所释放的信息素对同类雌虫有引诱作用,添加寄主植物能够增强两性间的引诱效果。     

侧柏树干的超临界CO_2萃取物组分分析及双条杉天牛的EAG反应

利用超临界CO2萃取法和索氏提取法分别提取侧柏Platycladus orientalis(L.)的韧皮部和木质部挥发物,经GC/MS分析其成分,结果表明:超临界CO2萃取物中检测到的21种组分中以倍半萜烯及其氧化物为主,没有检测到单萜类物质;索氏提取法检测到23种组分,韧皮部中检测到的组分以高沸点的树脂酸和二萜等为主,单萜烯和倍半萜及其氧化物含量较低;木质部中以倍半萜烯及其氧化物为主。将不同提取样品进行双条杉天牛Semanotus bifasciatus(Motschulsky)的触角电位反应,结果表明:2种方法的萃取物均能引起天牛的EAG反应,但以超临界萃取物引起的EAG反应较强,且与索氏提取物的反应值差异显著。罗汉柏烯和雪松醇可能是侧柏植物中引诱双条杉天牛的重要活性组分。     

豆野螟触角感器的电镜超微结构及嗅觉功能

本文利用扫描电镜(SEM)和触角电位仪(EAG)对豆野螟Maruca Testulalis (Geyer)触角感器的结构其及嗅觉功能进行了研究。豆野螟雌、雄成虫触角外部形态结构扫描的结果表明,豆野螟雌成虫触角上存在有毛形感器、刺形感器、腔锥形感器、耳形感器和栓锥形感器5种,雄成虫触角除上述5种感器外,还分布有柱形感器。以基部（触角的1/3）、中部（触角的1/3）和端部（触角的1/3）为单位,对雌、雄成虫触角节的各种类型感器数量进行统计,结果表明毛形感器、腔锥形感器、耳形感器在雌和雄虫触角上的分布都存在极其显著的差异。测定了豆野螟雄虫触角对性信息素化合物反,反-10,12-十六碳二烯醛和反,反-10,12-十六碳二烯-1-醇以及雌虫触角对植物挥发性化合物顺-3-己烯-乙酸酯和芳樟醇的EAG反应感应部位,结果表明EAG反应强弱与感器数量之间不存在明显的线性相关;对性信息素和植物挥发物有反应的触角感器在触角上的分布存在差异,对信息素反应的感器主要分布在触角鞭节的顶端24小节内(约占触角的1/3),而对植物挥发性化合物反应的感器则分布于触角鞭节顶端48小节内(约占触角的2/3)。     

桔小实蝇对几种寄主挥发物的触角电位反应

桔小实蝇寄主范围广,可危害芒果、柑橘、咖啡和红辣椒等250多种水果和蔬菜,现已成为中国、东南亚、印度次大陆和夏威夷群岛一带的危险性果蔬害虫。本文利用触角电位(electroantennogram,EAG)技术,测定了桔小实蝇雌雄成虫对8种寄主挥发物标准化合物(1,8桉叶素、α-蒎烯、β-石竹烯、柠檬醛、香草醛、乙醇、芳樟醇和月桂烯)的EAG反应。结果表明:上述标准化合物均能引起EAG反应,EAG反应值随着浓度增大(0.1μg/μL、1μg/μL、10μg/μL和100μg/μL)而显著不同。当柠檬醛和月桂烯浓度为100μg/μL时,桔小实蝇雌虫交配前、后的EAG反应值存在显著性差异。浓度为100μg/μL的1,8桉叶素对桔小实蝇交配后雌虫和雄虫的刺激反应存在显著性差异。桔小实蝇交配前雌虫和雄虫对浓度为100μg/μL乙醇的EAG反应值存在显著性差异。     

白星花金龟对寄主植物挥发物的电生理反应

[目的]白星花金龟Protaetia brevitarsis是我国经济上重要的农业害虫.本研究拟鉴定苹果、葡萄和玉米3种果实在两种状态(健康与受白星花金龟成虫为害)下的挥发物中能引起白星花金龟雌成虫触角电生理反应的挥发物成分.[方法]采用动态顶空吸附法收集苹果、葡萄和玉米3种果实的挥发物,用气相色谱-触角电位联用技术(...     

Single cell responses in female Pieris brassicae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) to plant volatiles and conspecific egg odours

Action potentials from individual olfactory cells and receptor potentials were recorded from antennae of female cabbage white butterflies, Pieris brassicae, using a new ‘surface-contact’ recording technique. Stimuli used were plant volatiles and conspecific egg odours. Most cells were activated by some stimuli and inhibited by others. Hence, the ‘odour spectra’ of most cells included activating as well as inhibiting substances. In addition, the ‘response profile’ of a given stimulus contained both positively and negatively responding cells.Cluster analysis of the odour spectra revealed the existence of moderately separated clusters of olfactory receptors. No groups of cells specifically tuned to odours of eggs or cabbage leaves were found. Analysis of the response profiles did not show a clear clustering of stimuli. The results suggested that the membranes of different receptor cells contain several types of acceptor sites in various proportions.No correlation between EAG and receptor potential amplitude or spike frequency was found. It was concluded that the EAG may be useful in comparing the relative receptor sensitivities only when chemically related compounds are involved.     

Electrophysiological and behavioural responses of Scyphophorus acupunctatus (Col., Curculionidae) to Agave tequilana volatiles

Abstract:  The weevil Scyphophorus acupunctatus Gyllenhal (Col., Curculionidae) is the most important insect pest of cultivated agaves in Mexico. The objective of this study was to search for potential attractants for this weevil species from the freshly cut fleshy leaves of healthy Agave tequilana Weber var. Blue plants. Combined gas chromatography-electroantennography (GC-EAD) analysis of A. tequilana volatile extracts showed that seven peaks elicited antennal responses from males and females. Five of these peaks were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as o -xylene, α -pinene, 3-carene, γ -terpinene and linalool. Electroantennogram (EAG) records of both sexes to 1-, 10- and 100- μ g-stimulus load of these five compounds showed that there was a dose effect on the EAG responses for linalool, 3-carene and α -pinene, but not for γ -terpinene and o -xylene. There were no sexual differences between male and female EAG responses to any of the compounds tested. Y-tube olfactometer bioassays of the compounds showed that males and females were attracted to α -pinene, 3-carene, γ -terpinene and/or linalool at doses of 1 and 10  μ g, while weevils were repelled by linalool at a dose of 100  μ g.     

棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂对植物挥发物和寄主性信息素腺体化合物的EAG反应

测试了棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂Campoletis chlorideae Uchida对58种植物挥发物和5种寄主性信息素腺体化合物的EAG反应。在100 μg的刺激剂量下,棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂对C₅～C₇脂肪醇的EAG反应最强,碳链延长或缩短都将导致反应的降低;对脂肪醛、酮、酸和酯都有一定的反应。棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂对萜烯的EAG反应很低,对氧化萜的反应普遍升高。3种芳香化合物均可激起棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂较强的EAG反应。剂量反应曲线表明,具有EAG活性的化合物激起的反应强度与化合物的剂量呈正相关,而2种萜烯——α-蒎烯和反式石竹烯,在测定的剂量范围内EAG活性都很低。棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂对寄主性信息素腺体化合物也有EAG反应,用100 μg和1 000 μg的寄主性信息素刺激,雄蜂的反应可比雌蜂的反应高出1倍。对植物挥发物在棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂寻找寄主中的作用进行了讨论。     

绿盲蝽对性信息素类似物和植物挥发物的触角电位反应

为了更好地利用性信息素类似物与植物挥发物对绿盲蝽Lygus lucorum进行监测和生物防治, 本研究采用电生理学方法测试了绿盲蝽成虫对9种性信息素类似物和12种植物挥发性物质的触角电位(electroantennogram, EAG)反应。结果表明: 在测试的这21种化合物中, 绿盲蝽对丁酸酯类化合物和绿叶气味物质的EAG反应较强; 雄虫对性信息素类似物比雌虫更敏感, 而雌虫对植物挥发物更敏感。其中性信息素类似物中, 绿盲蝽对反-2-丁酸己烯酯的EAG反应最强; 植物挥发物中, 绿盲蝽对反-2-己烯醛的EAG反应最强, 雌虫对反-2-己烯醇、反-2-己烯醛、顺-3-己烯醇等绿叶气味物质的EAG反应相对高于萜类化合物的反应。剂量反应曲线表明, 在测定的浓度范围内, 雄虫对反-2-丁酸己烯酯的反应比雌虫显著高, 而对β 蒎烯的反应则比雌虫显著低。绿盲蝽成虫对性信息素类似物和植物挥发物的EAG反应存在的两性差异具有生态适应意义: 雄虫对性信息素类似物更敏感将更有利于其寻找交配对象, 而雌虫对绿叶气味物质更敏感将更有利于其寻找产卵寄主。