PCR-ELISA检测HBV DNA的研究

目的:建立一种敏感、特异的乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)DNA检测方法。方法:应用PCR扩增技术和核酸杂交技术结合酶促显色技术(即PCRELISA技术)来检测血清中的HBVDNA。结果:应用PCRELISA技术能够检出许多PCR琼脂糖凝胶电泳所检测不到的HBVDNA,大大地提高了检出率,而且,特异性强。结论:PCRELISA方法灵敏度高,特异性强,检测结果数据化,不受主观因素的影响 。     

Expression of Recombinant Potato leafroll virus Structural and Non‐structural Proteins for Antibody Production

Vector pMPM‐A4Ω and vectors pQE‐30 and pET‐45b(+) containing the 6x His‐tag sequence were used for expression of Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) structural and non‐structural proteins in Escherichia coli. Coat protein (CP) and RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp)–fragments RdRp_43‐616 and RdRp_304‐537 were chosen for expression. A high level of CP and RdRp_304‐537 was obtained only in an expression system using pET‐45b(+) vector and E. coli Rosetta‐gami 2(DE3) cells. After purification, the His‐tagged PLRV proteins were used for immunization of rabbits.     

Chloroquine interferes with dengue‐2 virus replication in U937 cells

The objective of this study was to investigate the use of chloroquine (CLQ) as an antiviral agent against dengue. Chloroquine, an amine acidotropic drug known to affect intracellular exocytic pathways by increasing endosomal pH, was used in the in vitro treatment of U937 cells infected with dengue virus type 2 (DENV‐2). Viral replication was assessed by quantification of virus produced through detection of copy numbers of DENV‐2 RNA, plaque assay and indirect immunofluorescence. qRT‐PCR and plaque assays were used to quantify the DENV‐2 load in infected U937 cells after CLQ treatment. It was found that a dose of 50 μg/mL of CLQ was not toxic to the cells and resulted in significantly less virus production in infected U937 cells than occurred in untreated cells. In the present work, CLQ was effective against DENV‐2 replication in U937 cells, and also caused a statistically significant reduction in expression of proinflammatory cytokines. The present study indicates that CLQ may be used to reduce viral yield in U937 cells.     

马铃薯卷叶病毒中国株（PLRV—Ch）复制酶基因结构研究

用设计合成的两对特异性引物,以马铃薯卷叶病毒中国分离株ＰＬＲＶ－Ｃｈ ＲＮＡ为模板,经反转录ＰＣＲ扩增,将复制酶基因３＇端０．６ｋｂ和５＇端１．２ｋｂ,克隆于ｐＵＣ１９中,分别构建了重组质粒ｐＬＲ３和ｐＬＲ５,并分五段进行了序列分析。将获得的核苷酸序列氨基酸序列与国外报导的四个ＰＬＲＶ分离株的相应区段的序列同源性进行了比较。结果表明具有高度同源性。文中对核苷酸序列中存在的问题移码序列和其下游的茎环     

Crystal structure of the potato leafroll virus coat protein and implications for viral assembly

Luteoviruses, poleroviruses, and enamoviruses are insect-transmitted, agricultural pathogens that infect a wide array of plants, including staple food crops. Previous cryo-electron microscopy studies of virus-like particles show that luteovirid viral capsids are built from a structural coat protein that organizes with T = 3 icosahedral symmetry. Here, we present the crystal structure of a truncated version of the coat protein monomer from potato leafroll virus at 1.80-Å resolution. In the crystal lattice, monomers pack into flat sheets that preserve the two-fold and three-fold axes of icosahedral symmetry and show minimal structural deviations when compared to the full-length subunits of the assembled virus-like particle. These observations have important implications in viral assembly and maturation and suggest that the CP N-terminus and its interactions with RNA play an important role in generating capsid curvature.     

Sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the detection of bacterial superantigens and antibodies against them in human plasma

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the quantitation of bacterial superantigens, staphylococcal enterotoxins A, B and C, toxic-shock syndrome toxin-1 and streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A, were developed. The assays had sensitivity to quantitate these toxins to 1.4, 5.9, 16.3, 2.5 and 4.3 pg/ml, respectively, in a buffer including 50% human plasma. It takes only 150 min to complete the assays after plate preparation. Specificity of the assays agreed with those of reverse latex agglutination assay. We also developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to detect antibodies against these five superantigens. The assays are expected to be significant tools for the study of superantigens in several diseases.     

Preparation of Antiserum to Apple stem pitting virus Using in Silico Prediction of Antigenic Epitopes

A sensitive antiserum is needed for the detection of Apple stem pitting virus (ASPV), one of the most important latent viruses that infect fruit trees. We have studied many properties of coat protein, such as the antigenic index, α‐helix, β‐sheet, β‐turn, coil structure, hydrophilicity, surface probability and flexibility and analysis with several software algorithms. Based on the rules for locating the antigenic epitopes in the regions including β‐turns and coil structures with the high hydrophilicity and surface probability, the predicted epitopes were located in the region of amino acid positions 4–18, 100–114, 400–414, respectively. Two linear synthetic peptides (CRGYEEGSRPNQRVLP and CTGGKIGPKPVLSIRK) were prepared and conjugated with carrier protein. The antisera, designated 1468 and 1469, were obtained by immunizing rabbits. The antibody produced a strong immuno‐reaction with the expression product of the ASPV coat protein gene in Escherichia coli. By testing ten apple samples, ASPV could be detected by Protein A Sandwich ELISA using antiserum 1468, but only some positive samples could be detected with antiserum 1469. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the preparation of antiserum to a pome fruit virus using the antigenic epitopes method.     

Transmission of potato leafroll virus in relation to the honeydew excretion of Myzus persicae

Honeydew excretion of single Myzus persicae nymphs on potato leafroll virus (PLVR)-infected Physalis floridana was studied during the acquisition access period (AAP) in relation to the efficiency of virus transmission.
With increasing length of the AAP, the percentage of nymphs that transmitted the virus increased. These nymphs produced significantly more honeydew droplets during the AAP on PLRV-infected P. floridana plants than nymphs which failed to transmit the virus. However, the number of honeydew droplets excreted during the AAP by transmitting nymphs did not affect the length of the latency period. Nymphs which infected the first test plant after a short latency period produced a similar amount of honeydew during the AAP to those with a longer latency period.
Honeydew excretion recorded on plants of varied age, showed that nymphs feeding on bottom leaves of infected plants produced more honeydew droplets than on comparable leaves of healthy plants. On infected plants, nymphs produced more honeydew droplets on bottom leaves with pronounced symptoms than on top leaves that hardly showed any symptom of PLRV infection.
The concentration of viral antigen measured by ELISA was lower in top leaves than in bottom leaves of infected plants. Nevertheless, nymphs feeding on top leaves transmitted the virus more efficiently than those which used bottom leaves as virus source. When bottom leaves were used as a virus source, the percentage of viruliferous nymphs decreased with plant age. These results indicate that the availability of virus for acquisition by aphids declines with increasing plant age and symptom severity.     

HCVRNA反转录PCR技术的建立及对血液样品的检测

实验建立了ＨＣＶ　ＲＮＡ的反转录和套式ＰＣＲ技术,扩增出２３２ｂｐ的核酸片段,经酶切电泳图谱和Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交鉴定,来自ＨＣＶ基因５,端非编码区。实验从抗ＨＣＶ阳性的１８例血浆样品和１９例血清样品中分别检出７例和１３例ＨＣＶＲＮＡ阳性。     

Detection and molecular characterisation of Potato virus S of weed reservoirs in Iran

Potato virus S causes destructive disease on the plants. In this research, 44 weed samples symptomless were collected during 2015 from Fars, Razavi Khorasan and Kerman provinces of Iran. The coat protein (CP) and 11 K genes from eight PVS isolates were amplified, cloned and sequenced. PVS was detected in eight weed samples including: one sample of Solanum nigrum, two samples of Chenopodium botrytis, three samples of Chenopodium album and two samples of Amaranthus hybridus. Phylogenetic analysis showed that seven Iranian isolates fell into group I, II near to European isolates and one Iranian isolate formed a separate group. Comparison of coat protein and 11 k nucleotide indicated that all Iranian isolates belonged to Ordinary strain and there were 79–100% identity among the eight Iranian isolates and the world isolates of PVS. The highest identity was between Iranian and Ukraine isolates. Recombination analysis identified four recombinant isolates among eight new Iranian isolates.     

逆转录-聚合酶链反应在乙型脑炎减毒活疫苗生物反应罐清洁验证中的应用

为了对乙型脑炎减毒活疫苗生物反应罐清洁后乙型脑炎病毒(JEV)检测方法进行探讨,从GenBank中收录的乙型脑炎病毒的E蛋白基因序列设计一对引物,以乙型脑炎减毒株SA14-14-2培养物提取RNA作为模板,进行逆转录和PCR扩增。结果表明乙型脑炎减毒株SA14-14-2扩增出预期的特异性条带,阴性对照没有扩增出任何条带。聚合酶链反应与血吸附试验比较,有灵敏、快速、稳定性的特点,可用于生物反应罐清洁后乙型脑炎残留病毒的检测。     

Inhibited Long-Distance Movement of Potato Leafroll Virus to Tubers in Potato Genotypes Expressing Combined Resistance to Infection, Virus Multiplication and Accumulation

Plants of two potato clones which, in preliminary greenhouse assessments, showed resistance to multiplication and accumulation of potato leafroll virus (PLRV) were graft or aphid inoculated with the virus and grown in the greenhouse; plants of a moderately susceptible cultivar were used for comparison in all experiments. A high concentration of aphid‐borne inoculum was used to ensure strong infection pressure. Clone M62759 appeared to be highly resistant to PLRV infection, whereas clone PS1706 was more susceptible. Both clones expressed a high level of resistance to virus multiplication, when primary or secondary infection was assayed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Moreover, PLRV was detected in only few or none of the progeny plants of clone M62759, which thus strongly inhibited virus transport to tubers. The study on PLRV translocation from aphid‐inoculated shoots to uninoculated shoots sprouted from the same tubers showed that no specific mechanisms are likely to impair PLRV movement through the tubers of the resistant genotypes. These results indicate that three valuable components of the resistance to PLRV are probably closely linked in the genotype, a combination that seems to occur rather rarely in potato clones. Nevertheless, selecting potato genotypes for the complex resistance to PLRV may prove to be a worthwhile part of breeding programmes, provided that the genetic mechanisms governing particular types of resistance are better recognized.     

Genetic analysis of ORF5 in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in Japan

In recent years, no reports regarding genetic information on porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) with a focus on Japan have been published. To clarify the effect of time on PRRSV genomic evolution, we sequenced the open reading frame 5 (600 or 603 bases) obtained from Japanese PRRSV isolates for three periods (1992-1993, 2000-2001, and 2007-2008) and compared their phylogenetic relationships. Assessment of mean pairwise homology of nucleotide sequences of PRRSV isolates indicated a trend towards increasing heterogeneity over time. In addition, we newly detected a virus classified in cluster IV, indicative of the increasing genetic variation of PRRSV in Japan.