Molecular Analysis of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus Isolates from Hangzhou, China

Isolates of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus were obtained from different cucurbit crops in Hangzhou city, China. The complete nucleotide sequences of four isolates and the 3′‐terminal sequences, including the coat protein coding region, of four others were determined and then compared with other available sequences. Phylogenetic analysis of the coat protein nucleotide sequences showed that these isolates fell into three significant groups, one of which (designated group III) consisted exclusively of Chinese isolates and is reported for the first time. Comparisons over the completely sequenced genomes showed that, typically for potyviruses, the 5′‐end of the genome was usually the most variable but that the group III isolate differed from the others most significantly in the N‐terminal part of the coat protein. Partially sequenced group III isolates also varied from other isolates in this region. Group III isolates appear to differ biologically from the other isolates because they do not cause symptoms in watermelon fruit but induce more severe symptoms on the watermelon leaves.     

Genetic Diversities of Cymbidium mosaic virus and Odontoglossum ringspot virus Isolates Based on the Coat Protein Genes from Orchids in Guangdong Province,China

Orchids are some of the most important ornamental flowers. Cymbidium mosaic virus (CymMV) and Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV) are the most prevalent and economically important viruses affecting orchids in China. In this study, 20 CymMV and 28 ORSV isolates were selected for genetic diversity analysis. The CymMV isolates shared 84.6–100% and 89.5–100% identities of coat protein (CP) at the nucleotide (nt) and amino acid (aa) levels, respectively. The identities of ORSV isolates were 96.4–100% (nt) and 92.5–99.4% (aa). The CP genes of CymMV were found to have genetic diversity, and the CP genes of ORSV were genetically conservative. These results can aid in designing effective disease‐control strategies.     

Molecular Characterization of the 3'-Terminal Region of Turnip mosaic virus Isolates from Eastern China

Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV; genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae) causes great losses to cruciferous crop production worldwide. The 3′‐terminal genomic sequences of eight TuMV isolates from eastern China were compared with those of 74 other Chinese TuMV isolates of known host origin in the GenBank and isolated during the past 25 years. The reported sequences of the eight TuMV isolates are 1125 or 1126‐nucleotides (nt) long excluding the poly(A) tail. They all contain one partial open reading frame of 912 nt, encoding 304 amino acids, followed by a stop codon and a non‐translated region of 209–210 nt. Results of phylogenetic analyses showed that Chinese TuMV isolates clustered into three groups: basal‐BR, Asian‐BR and world‐B. The ratios of non‐synonymous and synonymous substitutions and results of amino acid alignment provided evidence for purifying or negative selection in TuMV populations of China.     

Variation between Turnip mosaic virus Isolates in Zhejiang Province,China and Evidence for Recombination

The 3′‐terminal sequences (c. 1700 nt) of the RNA genome of 10 Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) isolates from different hosts in Zhejiang province, China, were determined. Phylogenetic analysis of the coat protein nucleotide sequences revealed that most TuMV sequences fell into two distinct clusters. The Chinese isolates B1‐B4 (from Brassica spp.) were similar and placed in the largest group (Group 1), while the isolates R1‐R6 (from Raphanus) were usually placed in a distinct but smaller group (Group 2). There were only approximately 90% identical nucleotides between the two groups. However, one isolate (R5) showed evidence of recombination in that the region between nucleotides 430 and 450, from the start of the coat protein gene and its 3′‐terminus, was a Group 1 type.     

Molecular identification of three isolates of Jatropha mosaic India virus associated with mosaic disease of Withania somnifera in India

The association of begomovirus with mosaic disease of Withania somnifera was detected at three locations in India by PCR using begomovirus-specific degenerate primers. The resulting amplicons of ～1.2 kb from three locations (Aligarh, Lucknow and Hindaun City) were sequenced. The begomovirus isolates of three locations shared 96–97% identities among them and 91% identities with Jatropha mosaic India virus (JMIV). Based on highest sequence identities and close phylogenetic relationships with JMIV, these begomovirus isolates associated with mosaic disease of W. somnifera were identified as isolates of JMIV.     

Molecular and Biological Characterization of Potato virus Y Isolates from Vietnam

Eight isolates from different potato growing regions in Vietnam were characterized. All were highly pathogenic in some potato cultivars, but did not overcome the extreme resistance of Solanum stoloniferum and Solanum demissum. RT‐PCR analysis revealed that all of these isolates are recombinants. Sequence data for 4 isolates were obtained, and their reaction in potato cultivars harbouring specific N genes was determined. Different phylogenetic analyses of viral sequences confirmed previous results that the recombinant isolates evolved from different parental sequences. One of the Vietnamese isolates investigated had a specific structure. The need for a clear classification of PVY^NWi isolates is discussed.     

Bean common mosaic virus and cucumber mosaic virus naturally infecting Aristolochia spp. plants in Brazil

In April 2022, Aristolochia plants with symptoms of mosaic were observed in a garden at Jardim Botânico Plantarum, Nova Odessa, São Paulo State, Brazil. Potyviridae-like particles were observed by transmission electron microscopy in leaf extracts. Total RNA extracted from symptomatic plants used in RT-PCR with universal and BCMV-specific primers detected the potyvirus bean common mosaic virus (BCMV). The cucumovirus cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) was identified only in Aristolochia littoralis plants that tested negative by RT-PCR for BCMV. Phylogenetic analysis grouped samples of Aristolochia in a different clade among samples of Phaseolus vulgaris. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the CMV isolate from Aristolochia belongs to the CMV group IA. BCMV was mechanically transmitted to healthy plants of A. fimbriata, Chenopodium quinoa, P. vulgaris cv. Jalo and Macroptilium lathyroides. CMV was mechanically transmitted to plants of A. fimbriata and C. quinoa. The BCMV and CMV were aphid transmitted only by Aphis gossypii to Aristolochia plants. This is the first report of BCMV and CMV infecting Aristolochia plants in Brazil.     

2009年云南省2株肠道病毒71型分离株全基因组序列遗传特性分析

对2009年云南省肠道病毒71型分离株KMM09和KM186-09进行全基因组序列测序,并与我国及其它国家流行的EV71基因型进行比较和进化分析。KMM09和KM186-09基因组长为7 409bp,编码2 193个氨基酸,VP1系统进化分析显示2009年云南分离株属于C4基因型的C4a亚型。在结构区,与其它基因型相比较,C基因型之间的核苷酸和氨基酸的同源性高于其它基因型;而在非结构区,C4与B基因型和CA16原型株G10同源性高于其它C基因亚型。通过RDP3重组软件和blast比对分析,发现EV71C4基因型与B3基因型,与CA16原型株G10的基因组在非结构区存在重组。EV71全基因组序列的比较和分析,对了解引起我国手足口病暴发或流行C4基因亚型EV71毒株的遗传特性具有重要意义。     

我国部分地区不同动物来源新城疫病毒的分子流行病学研究

对从我国部分地区1985～2001年间分离的26株新城疫病毒毒株进行研究,克隆其融合蛋白(F)基因,分析相应的核苷酸(nt)序列.根据绘制的系统进化发生树和F基因上三种限制性内切酶(RE)位点分布,确定了这些毒株的基因型分类地位.除2个毒株属于已知的VIb亚型外,其余24个毒株分别属于新发现的基因Ⅸ型、Ⅵf亚型、Ⅵg亚型和VⅡc亚型.基因Ⅸ型毒株的F基因540nt存在RsaⅠ位点,同时缺乏1198nt HinfⅠ位点、1478nt BstOⅠ位点和1625nt RsaⅠ位点;Ⅵf和Ⅵg亚型毒株不具有国外其它Ⅵ型毒株的872nt RsaⅠ位点;Ⅶc亚型的RE位点分布和Ⅶa亚型、Ⅶb亚型、Ⅷ型毒株不同,鹅源毒株均出现973nt RsaⅠ位点,7个鹅源毒株还出现了特有的1249nt RsaⅠ位点.在F基因编码的氨基酸中,基因Ⅸ型毒株出现Ile9→Val9和Val106→Ala106的替换,Ⅵf和Ⅵg亚型却没有出现其它Ⅵ亚型的Ser5→Pro5变异.     

Molecular Characterization of Jordanian Isolates of Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus

Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV) causes high yield losses to cucurbits in many parts of the world. In 1995, it was detected for the first time in Jordan but Jordanian isolates have never been characterized at the molecular level. In 2005 and 2006, leaf samples (2344) from symptomatic plants were collected from Jordan Valley, Ma'daba, Al‐Mafraq, Al‐Karak, Jarash, Al‐Tafila, Al‐Balqa’, Al‐Zarqa’, Amman and Irbid. Detection by tissue blot immunoassay (TBIA) showed that the infection rate of CYSDV in collected samples was 58.5%. The coat protein (CP) gene of CYSDV was amplified from 36 selected samples by IC‐RT‐PCR. The amplicons (753 bp) from 16 isolates, representing all surveyed regions, were cloned and used for the single‐strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis. Seven different SSCP patterns (P1–P7) were observed for the analysed Jordanian isolates. For further characterization, the CP genes from isolates with different SSCP patterns were sequenced, and the sequences were deposited in the GenBank under the accession numbers DQ903105 – DQ903111 . Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis revealed that all CYSDV isolates investigated in this study were most closely related to isolates previously reported to belong to the Western group of CYSDV.     

Characterization and Complete Nucleotide Sequence of Two Isolates of Tomato mosaic virus

Two virus isolates, designated S1 and TL, were obtained from tomato and camellia root in China, respectively, and their host ranges, symptomatology, serological reactions and complete nucleotide sequences were determined. Isolate TL systemically infected Chenopodium amaranticolor causing leaf chlorosis, but the isolate S1 induced only local necrotic lesions. The complete nucleotide sequences of S1 and TL were determined and consisted of 6384 and 6383 nucleotides (Genbank accessions AJ132845 and AJ417701 ), respectively. Sequence analysis revealed that both isolates have the highest nucleotide sequence identity (over 92%) with Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), but less (80%) with other tobamoviruses. Phylogenetic analyses based on the amino acid sequences of 30‐kD and 17.5‐kD proteins also indicated that both the isolates form a cluster with the isolates of ToMV. These data suggest that S1 and TL are isolates of ToMV. The possible reasons that TL infected C. amaranticolor systemically but S1 induced only local necrotic lesions are discussed.     

Biological and Molecular Characterization of Three Isolates of Tomato aspermy virus Infecting Chrysanthemums in India

Severe mosaic, chlorotic ringspots and flower deformation were observed during the winter of November 2006–February 2007 on chrysanthemums ( Chrysanthemum morifolium ) at three locations in India: Lucknow (UP), Dhanbad (MP) and Kolkata (WB). Tomato aspermy virus (TAV) was detected in affected plants by ELISA and by RT-PCR using TAV specific primers. These TAV isolates were mechanically transmitted to test plant species and also by aphids ( Aphis gossypii ) to Lycopersicon esculentum . The complete RNA 3 of each TAV isolate was cloned and sequenced and determined to be 2386 nucleotides (nt) long, and to encode two open reading frames (ORFs): the movement protein (MP) of 741 nt and the coat protein (CP) of 657 nt translating in to 246 and 218 amino acid (aa), respectively. When RNA 3 sequences of the Indian isolates were multiple aligned with seven other strains of TAV occurring worldwide, Indian isolates shared 98–99% identities among themselves and with the KC, V, P, B, I and C strains of TAV. In phylogenetic analysis, the Lucknow and Kolkata isolates of TAV clustered together and showed a close relationship with the KC-TAV strain from South Korea, whereas the Dhanbad isolate formed an independent cluster and showed closeness with the V-TAV strains from Spain and Australia. Recombination events were also observed in the CP region of the Dhanbad isolate, supporting its diverse behaviour. This is the first report of the complete RNA 3 sequence of these three Indian TAV isolates.     

Reappearance of Cucumber mosaic virus Isolates Belonging to Subgroup IB in Tomato Plants in North-eastern Spain

A disease characterized by symptomless leaves and fruit decolouration, loss of consistency and mild deformation on ripening was detected in tomato fields in north‐eastern Spain during 2003 and 2004. DAS‐ELISA analysis revealed the presence of the Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) in all diseased plants. CMV isolates were characterized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) analysis of double‐stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) and nucleotide sequence analysis, and compared with some CMV isolates belonging to different subgroups used as controls. A total of 12 isolates obtained from the infected tomato plants selected for this study gave the same electrophoresis pattern for the three genomic dsRNAs, which was different to the patterns showed by the CMV isolates collected in the same region a few years ago. The identity of the complete nucleotide sequence of one of these CMV isolates and the partial sequence of other five isolates compared to the Tfn strain from Italy and the BAR92/1 isolate from tomato collected in Barcelona in 1992 was higher than 99%, both belonging to subgroup IB of CMV. The CMV isolates of this subgroup found in eastern Spain in previous studies were not detected after 1996. The nucleotide sequences of two isolates that were chosen as representatives of the CMV isolates more frequently detected in previous years revealed that they belonged to the CMV subgroups IA. The origin and the possible causes of reappearance of CMV IB isolates in north‐eastern Spain are discussed.     

侵染白术的大豆花叶病毒的全基因序列测定及分析

大豆花叶病毒(soybean mosaic virus,SMV)是影响大豆产量与质量的重要病原体,且自然寄主范围窄。本研究对疑似感病白术叶片进行非序列依赖性扩增(sequence-independent amplification,SIA)检测,结果表明,感病白术为SMV侵染,并命名为SMV-Am。为明确其基因组结构特征及系统进化关系,本研究利用双链RNA(double-stranded RNA,dsRNA)提取、RT-PCR及RACE技术对其进行全基因组扩增,并进行生物信息学分析。结果表明,SMV-Am基因组全长9 587 nt,具有显著的马铃薯Y病毒属(Potyvirus)基因组结构特征;核苷酸与氨基酸序列相似性分析表明,SMV-Am与来自中国的SMV-Liaoning分离物相似性最高,核苷酸与氨基酸序列相似性分别为96.57%和98.86%;系统进化分析也显示与SMV-Liaoning分离物亲缘关系最近;对SMV-Am蛋白序列进一步分析发现,存在与功能位点相关的氨基酸突变,经I-TASSER和PyMOL软件进行蛋白建模分析,发现SMV-Am的P1、HC-Pro、P3、6K2、NIa-Pro、NIb蛋白结构均发生不同程度的变化,且P1蛋白最明显;重组分析结果显示,在SMV-Am基因组的6 560~8 950 nt位置存在重组事件,其主要亲本和次要亲本分别为SMV-XFQ012(GenBank登录号:KP710875.1)和SMV-pCB301-SC15(GenBank登录号:MH919386.1)。这是SMV侵染白术的首次报道,研究结果有望为防范SMV病害在白术上爆发流行以及防治提供科学依据。     

一个侵染山东大葱的胡葱黄条病毒分离物的鉴定

在山东章丘大葱上发现了一种引起畸形黄条症状的线状病毒。该病毒容易摩擦接种侵染大葱和胡葱,但不侵染其它22种测试植物,能经由豌豆蚜传播。病毒粒子形态和细胞病理特征具有马铃薯Y病毒科成员的典型特征。Western blot分析表明,提纯病毒制备的抗血清能与病毒自身外壳蛋白起特异性的强反应,与薤花叶病毒、晚香玉轻斑驳病毒、小西葫芦黄花叶病毒和芋花叶病毒外壳蛋白有较弱的反应。采用马铃薯Y病毒科简并引物PCR技术扩增了该病毒的基因组3′-末端部分序列,序列比较表明它为胡葱黄条病毒(SYSV),系统进化树分析表明世界范围内的SYSV分离物可以区分为4个主要群体,在一定程度上与寄主植物种类及地理分布相关。     

Beet mosaic virus: its Vector and Host Relationships

In order to understand the various factors which affect Beet mosaic virus (BtMV) epidemics, different aspects of the relationships between this virus, its vectors and sugar beet were studied. The latency and incubation periods, determined under growth chamber and field conditions, responded inversely to the temperature and leaf growth rate. Field-infected plants could function as virus sources during the whole growing season. The virus was transmitted by Acyrthosiphon pisum, Aphis fabae, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Metopolophium dirhodum, Myzus persicae and Ropalosiphum padi. Myzus persicae retained the virus for at least 16 h. Alatae and apterae of M. persicae transmitted the virus with the same efficiency, and in at least two consecutive probes. The proportion of infected plants increased as a logarithmic function of the number of alatae of six aphid species used in the arena tests.     

Expression,purification and molecular modeling of the NIa protease of Cardamom mosaic virus

The NIa protease of Potyviridae is the major viral protease that processes potyviral polyproteins. The NIa protease coding region of Cardamom mosaic virus (CdMV) is amplified from the viral cDNA, cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. NIa protease forms inclusion bodies in E.coli. The inclusion bodies are solubilized with 8?M urea, refolded and purified by Nickel-Nitrilotriacetic acid affinity chromatography. Three-dimensional modeling of the CdMV NIa protease is achieved by threading approach using the homologous X-ray crystallographic structure of Tobacco etch mosaic virus NIa protease. The model gave an insight in to the substrate specificities of the NIa proteases and predicted the complementation of nearby residues in the catalytic triad (H42, D74 and C141) mutants in the cis protease activity of CdMV NIa protease.     

云南五个不同地区烟草花叶病毒外壳蛋白基因的序列比较

烟草花叶病毒(Tobacco mosaic virus,TMV)是烟草花叶病毒属(Tobamovirus)中的典型成员,具有极广的寄主范围,可以侵染30个科的310多种植物,为单组份正链ssRNA病毒,TMV基因组RNA由6395个核苷酸组成,共有4个ORF,分别编码183kDa、126 kDa、30 kDa和17.5 kDa蛋白[1,2].