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1.
Suresh K. Gupta Vivekananthan Kalaiselvan Sushma Srivastava Rohit Saxena Shyam S. Agrawal 《Biological trace element research》2010,136(3):258-268
Cataract is the opacification in eye lens and leads to 50% of blindness worldwide. The present study was undertaken to evaluate
the anticataract potential of Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn seeds (fenugreek) in selenite-induced in vitro and in vivo cataract. In vitro enucleated rat lenses were maintained
in organ culture containing Dulbecco’s modified Eagles medium (DMEM) alone or in addition with 100 μM selenite and served
as the normal and control groups, respectively. For the test group, the medium was supplemented with selenite and T. foenum-graecum aqueous extract. The lenses were incubated for 24 h at 37°C. After incubation, the lenses were processed for the estimation
of reduced glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation product (malondialdehyde), and the antioxidant enzymes. In vivo selenite
cataract was induced in 9-day-old rats by subcutaneous injection of sodium selenite (25 μmol/kg body weight). Animals in the
test group were injected with different doses of aqueous extract of T. foenum-graecum 4 h before the selenite challenge. A fall in GSH and a rise in malondialdehyde levels were observed in control as compared
to normal lenses. T. foenum-graecum significantly (P < 0.01) restored glutathione and decreased malondialdehyde levels. A significant restoration in the activities of antioxidant
enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (P < 0.01), catalase, (P < 0.01), glutathione peroxidase (P < 0.01), and glutathione-S-transferase (P < 0.01) was observed in the T. foenum-graecum supplemented group as compared to control. In vivo, none of the eyes was found with nuclear cataract in treated group as
opposed to 72.5% in the control group. T. foenum-graecum protects against experimental cataract by virtue of its antioxidant properties. Further studies are warranted to explore
its role in human cataract. 相似文献
2.
K. H?kkinen A. Pakarinen R. U. Newton W. J. Kraemer 《European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology》1998,77(4):312-319
Acute hormone responses of growth hormone (GH), total and free testosterone (TT and FT) and cortisol (C) to heavy resistance
isometric exercise were examined in ten young men [YM 26.5 (SD 4.8) years] and ten old men [OM 70.0 (SD 3.7) years]. Loading
conditions of the same relative intensity were created for the lower and upper extremity actions separately as well as for
both of them together – lower extremity exercise (LE; knee extension), upper extremity exercise (UE; bench press extension),
and lower and upper extremity exercise (LUE) performed simultaneously in a seated position. Single voluntary maximal isometric
actions lasting for 5 s were performed repeatedly for ten repetitions (with a recovery of 5 s) for a total of four sets. The
recovery time between the sets was 1 min. Each exercise led to large acute decreases in maximal isometric force in both YM
(P < 0.001) and OM (P < 0.001) ranging from 41% to 26% with no significant differences between the groups. Serum GH concentrations increased in
both YM (P < 0.05–0.01) and OM (P < 0.05) but the postexercise value in YM during LE was greater (P < 0.05) than for OM. The TT increased (P < 0.01–0.001) in YM in all three exercises, while in OM the increase occurred only during LE (P < 0.01). The exercises led to increases in FT in YM (P < 0.05 for LE and LUE), while in OM the increase occurred only during LUE (P < 0.05). The pre and postexercise FT were greater in YM (P < 0.001) than in OM. No significant changes occurred in C either in YM or in OM. The blood lactate concentrations increased
during the exercises in both YM (P < 0.001) and OM (P < 0.05–0.001) but the postexercise values during LE and LUE in YM were greater (P < 0.05) than in OM. The present data would indicate that the responses of GH, TT and FT to heavy resistance isometric exercise
are lowered with increasing age. The reduced acute hormone response together with the lowered basal values in FT in the older
men compared to the young men may indicate decreased anabolic effects on muscles and may explain in part the loss of muscle
mass and strength associated with aging.
Accepted: 18 August 1997 相似文献
3.
Effect of Different Selenium Sources on Productive Performance,Serum and Milk Se Concentrations,and Antioxidant Status of Sows 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Huijuan Hu Min Wang XiuAn Zhan Xing Li RuQian Zhao 《Biological trace element research》2011,142(3):471-480
The experiment was conducted to study the effects of different selenium (Se) sources on productive performance, serum and
milk Se concentrations, and antioxidant status of sows. A total of 12 sows (Landrace×Yorkshire) with same pregnancy were randomly
divided into two groups; each group was replicated six times. These two groups received the same basal gestation and lactation
diets containing 0.042 mg Se/kg, supplemented with 0.3 mg Se/kg sodium selenite or selenomethionine (i.e., seneno-dl-methylseleno), respectively. The feeding trial lasted for 60 days, with 32 and 28 days for gestation and lactation period,
respectively. Compared with sodium selenite, maternal selenomethionine intake significantly increased (P < 0.05) the weaning litter weight and average weight of piglet. The Se concentration in the serum, colostrum, and milk of
sows were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the selenomethionine-treated group. The antioxidant status was greatly improved in sows of selenomethionine-treated
group and was illuminated by the increased total antioxidant capability (T-AOC; P < 0.05) and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA; P < 0.01) level in the serum of sows, increased T-AOC (P < 0.05), glutathione (GSH) peroxidase (P < 0.05), superoxide dismutase (P < 0.05) and GSH (P < 0.05), and MDA (P < 0.05) level in the colostrum and milk of sows. These results suggested that maternal selenomethionine intake improved Se
concentration and antioxidant status of sows, thus maintain maternal health and increase productive performance after Se was
transferred to its offspring. 相似文献
4.
Jesús Villanueva Marisol Soria Carlos González-Haro Laura Ezquerra José L. Nieto Jesús F. Escanero 《Biological trace element research》2011,142(3):398-406
The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of oral iron supplementation on hematological and iron metabolism in elite
soccer players. Thirty-five members of the Real Zaragoza SAD soccer team took part in this study: group A (GA, n = 24; Spanish Premier League) took an oral iron supplement of 80 mg day−1 for 3 weeks, and group B (GB, n = 11; Spanish Third Division League) did not receive any supplementation. In GA, the parameters were measured before and
after giving the iron supplements, while in GB, measurements were only made at the time of collecting the second set of data
from GA. After supplementation, GA showed an increase in serum iron (SI) (P < 0.05), serum ferritin (Ftn) (P < 0.01), and transferrin saturation (Sat) (P < 0.01) with respect to the basal values. In addition, GA showed higher values of hematocrit (P < 0.01), mean corpuscular volume (P < 0.01), Ftn (P < 0.01), and Sat (P < 0.01) than GB. No significant differences were found in any other parameters. More specifically, a higher percentage of
players had Ftn levels above upper limits in GA vs. GB (P < 0.05), and GB had a higher incidence of Ftn below lower limits with respect to subjects in GA (P < 0.01). Further, after treatment, 58.3% of GA had >800 mg of SI, while all players in GB presented levels below the lower
limits. In conclusion, iron supplementation with 80 mg·day−1 for 3 weeks, before the start of the soccer season, can be recommended for elite soccer players. 相似文献
5.
David Ben-Sira Michael Sagiv 《European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology》1997,75(6):549-553
The effect of gender on left ventricular systolic function and exercise haemodynamics in healthy young subjects was studied
during 30-s all-out sudden strenuous dynamic exercise. A group of 22 men [19.3 (SD 1) years] 20 women [19.1 (SD 1) years]
volunteered to participate in this study. Two-dimensional direct M-mode and Doppler echocardiograph studies were performed
with the subject in the sitting position. The Doppler examination of flow was located with continuous-wave, interrogating
ascending aorta measurements. The subjects completed the study without showing any electrocardiograph abnormalities. An interaction
effect with stroke volume (P < 0.05) was characterized by a decrease in the men and an increase of stroke volume in the women. Cardiac output rose significantly
(P < 0.05) up to 14.5 (SD 6) l · min−1) for the men and 12.1 (SD 4) l · min−1 for the women compared to the rest values [5.8 (SD 0.4) and 4.7 (SD 0.5) l · min−1, respectively]. Flow velocity integral and acceleration time differed significantly between the two groups at rest (P < 0.05). During exercise these differences showed an interaction effect (P < 0.05). These results would indicate that normal men and women respond to sudden strenuous exercise by reducing their left
ventricular systolic function, with a significantly greater decrease in women (P < 0.05). The gender differences in the haemodynamic responses during the present study, may, as suggested by others, be attributable
to differences in energy metabolism. In addition, changes in Doppler parameters of aortic flow, haemodynamics and blood pressure
responses during sudden strenuous exercise differed markedly from those seen before with endurance exercise.
Accepted: 8 January 1997 相似文献
6.
Ivan Kosalec Barbara Gregurek Dario Kremer Marijana Zovko Krešimir Sanković Ksenija Karlović 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2009,25(1):145-150
By using HPLC/UV–VIS, Croatian barberry (Berberis croatica Horvat) was found to be a new source of the bioactive alkaloid berberine. Comparison of berberine content in roots, leaves,
and twigs between wild specimens of B. croatica and B. vulgaris collected in Croatia showed that the roots of both species contained the highest berberine content (B. croatica 1.120–1.217%; B. vulgaris 0.805–1.424%), followed by twigs (B. croatica 0.049–0.216%; B. vulgaris 0.077–0.112%). While the berberine content in the leaves of both species was very low (between 0.002% and 0.044%), they were
found to be rich in phenols and flavonols. The Student’s t-test showed a significant difference at P < 0.05 for phenol and flavonol content in the plant organs, both between species and within species. Leaf samples were most
variable, while root samples were the least. Extracts from the roots of both barberry species expressed antimicrobial activity
against Bacillus subtilis NCTC 8236, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Escherichia coli ATCC 10535, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Candida albicans ATCC 10231. Antimicrobial activity of leaf extracts was species-dependent. Root extracts of both species also showed lower
MIC values than other extracts (MIC ≤ 87.5 mg/ml). 相似文献
7.
C L Schultz M R Pezzutti D Silor R White 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》1995,15(3):243-247
S. marcescens 8100 andP. aeruginosa 15442 were used to study bacterial adhesion to hydrogel contact lenses which had not been worn. Bacterial removal from unworn lens materials was assessed with a calibrated vortex device modified with a digital rpm readout and fitted with a test tube attachment (MVD). The MVD, which relies on a whirlpool-like force to remove the bacteria, showed that bacteria adhered to the same degree to etafilcon A, vifilcon A and polymacon lenses under standardized conditions. Tracking the isoenzyme patterns of these bacterial species over time showed instability ofS. marcescens upon repeated passage. This instability was not evident withP. aeruginosa. Bacterial adhesion ofP. aeruginosa 15442, to human worn and unworn etafilcon A materials was determined with a Modified Robbins Device. The MRD was closed off at both ends stopping medium and bacterial movement after 1 h of fluid flow over the lens surface. The results show that immediately following this 1-h period more bacteria adhere to unworn contact lenses than to worn lenses. However, bacterial counts were equivalent on worn and unworn lenses following 5 h of static incubation. 相似文献
8.
Heat stress has important effects on the welfare of livestock. The effects of heat stress in cattle include changes in biological
functions and behaviors. The aim of this study was to investigate the behavioral differences between light and heavy feedlot
cattle reared in a hot environment. Sixteen male Holstein feedlot cattle were allocated to light (353.8 ± 15.5 kg, n = 8) and heavy (737.1 ± 15.8 kg, n = 8) groups according to their live weight and were kept in a semi-open feedlot barn. The individual behavioral response
variables measured were standing, lying, feeding, drinking, ruminating, locomotor activity and elimination (urinating and
defecating). The effects of group, day, observation time, replicate and all interactions were included in an explanatory statistical
(GLM) model. The data were analyzed using the PROC GLM procedure of SAS. Overall, the heavy cattle spent more time standing
(P < 0.001), lying (P < 0.001), and eliminating (P < 0.05) compared to the light group. In contrast, the light group spent more time eating, drinking and ruminating (P < 0.001). Locomotor activity did not differ significantly between groups (P > 0.05). During the day, heavy cattle spent more time standing (at 1600 hours) and less time eating in comparison with the
light cattle (P < 0.001) (at 1300 and 1600 hours). Light and heavy feedlot cattle behaved differently in a hot environment. The findings
of the study indicate that the welfare of the heavy Holstein feedlot cattle was impacted negatively when the ambient temperature
was high (at 1300 hours). 相似文献
9.
Seifi S Tabandeh MR Nazifi S Saeb M Shirian S Sarkoohi P 《Journal of physiology and biochemistry》2012,68(2):193-203
Available experimental data suggest that adiponectin and thyroid hormones have biological interaction in vivo. However, the
effects of thyroid hormones on adipose adiponectin gene expression in thyroid dysfunction are unclear. We induced hyper- (HYPER)
and hypothyroidism (HYPO) by daily administration of a 12 mg/l of levothyroxine and 250 mg/l of methimazole in drinking water
of rats, respectively, for 42 days. The white adipose tissues and serum sample were taken on days 15, 28, 42 and also 2 weeks
after treatment cessation. Analysis of adiponectin gene expression was performed by real-time PCR and 2−ΔΔct method. The levels of adipose tissue adiponectin mRNA in the HYPO rats were decreased during the 6-week treatment when compared
to control rats (<0.05) and were increased significantly 2 weeks after HYPO cessation (P < 0.05). This decline in adiponectin gene expression occurred in parallel with a decrease in T3, T4, fT3 and fT4 concentrations
(P < 0.05). In opposite to HYPO rats, adipose adiponectin gene expression was increased in HYPER rats during the 6-week treatment
in parallel with an increase the thyroid hormones concentrations (P < 0.05), and its expression was decreased 2 weeks after HYPER cessation (P < 0.05). Adiponectin gene expression levels showed significant negative correlations with concentrations of LDL (HYPO; r = −0.806, P = 0.001 and HYPER; r = −0.749, P = 0.002), triglyceride (HYPO; r = −0.825, P = 0.001 and HYPER; r = −0.824, P = 0.001) and significant positive correlations with concentrations of glucose (HYPO; r = 0.674, P = 0.004 and HYPER; r = 0.866, P = 0.001) and HDL (HYPO; r = 0.755, P = 0.001 and HYPER; r = 0.839, P = 0.001). The current study provides evidence that adiponectin gene expression in adipose tissue is regulated by thyroid
hormones at the translation level and that lipid and carbohydrate disturbances in a patient with thyroid dysfunction may be,
in part, due to adiponectin gene expression changes. 相似文献
10.
Toghyani M Toghyani M Shivazad M Gheisari A Bahadoran R 《Biological trace element research》2012,146(2):171-180
This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary supplementation with Cr nicotinate and Cr chloride and their
optimum inclusion rate on performance, carcass traits, meat oxidative stability, serum metabolites, hematological parameters,
and liver chromium concentration in heat-stressed broilers. A total number of 420, 1-day-old male broiler chicks were randomly
assigned to seven treatments with four replicates of 15 chicks. The dietary treatments consisted of the basal diet supplemented
with 0 (control), 500, 1,000, and 1,500 μg/kg Cr in the form of Cr nicotinate and Cr chloride. Chicks were raised for 6 weeks
in heat stress condition (33 ± 2°C). Supplements of organic and inorganic Cr particularly at 1,500 μg/kg incorporation increased
feed consumption (P < 0.05) and body mass gain of broilers (P < 0.01). Cr supplementation increased carcass yield and decreased abdominal fat (P < 0.01). Supplementation of 1,500 μg/kg Cr nicotinate (P < 0.05) enhanced liver Cr concentration. Storage time increased lipid oxidation of meat (P < 0.01). Cr decreased lipid oxidation of breast and thigh muscles over 2 (P < 0.01) or 6 (P < 0.05) days of storage time. Birds fed 1,500 μg/kg Cr nicotinate, had lower concentration of serum glucose and triglyceride
at 21 days (P < 0.05). Hematological parameters tested at 21 and 42 days, were not influenced. The results suggested that dietary Cr supplementation
regardless of its source have a positive effect on productive, and carcass traits, also enhances oxidative stability of refrigerated
meat in broilers reared under heat stress conditions. 相似文献
11.
Effect of sprinkling on feedlot microclimate and cattle behavior 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Experiments were conducted to evaluate strategies designed to reduce heat stress of cattle. In the first experiment, cattle
were sprinkled for 20 min every 1.5 h between 1000 hours and 1750 hours (WET) versus not sprinkled (DRY). In a second experiment,
treatments consisted of: (1) control, no water application; (2) water applied to the pen surfaces between 1000 hours and 1200
hours (AM); and (3) water applied to pen surfaces between 1400 hours and 1600 hours (PM). In both experiments, sprinkling
lowered (P < 0.05) mid-afternoon temperatures. In the first experiment, relative humidity (RH) of WET versus DRY pens differed (P < 0.05) and averaged 72.4 and 68.9%, respectively. The average temperature–humidity index (THI) in WET pens was 0.5 units
lower (P < 0.05), than the THI in DRY pens. In the second experiment, RH in sprinkled pens was also greater (P < 0.05) than RH in control (CON) pens However, THI differed (P < 0.05) among treatments, being 81.5, 80.9, and 80.3, respectively for CON, AM, and PM. Pens with sprinklers had a larger
percentage of steers in areas where sprinkling took place, even on days when sprinkling had not occurred. Based on differences
in percentage of cattle panting in sprinkled and non-sprinkled treatments, sprinkling was found to have a positive effect
on cattle feeding area microclimate and to reduce the susceptibility of cattle to hyperthermia. However, cattle acclimatization
to being sprinkled can result in slight hyperthermia even during cooler days when sprinkling would normally not be utilized. 相似文献
12.
Melanie Zeppel Catriona M. O. Macinnis-Ng Chelcy R. Ford Derek Eamus 《Plant and Soil》2008,305(1-2):121-130
In water-limited systems, pulses of rainfall can trigger a cascade of plant physiological responses. However, the timing and
size of the physiological response can vary depending on plant and environmental characteristics, such as rooting depth, plant
size, rainfall amount, or antecedent soil moisture. We investigated the influence of pulses of rainfall on the response of
sap flow of two dominant evergreen tree species, Eucalyptus crebra (a broadleaf) and Callitris glaucophylla (a needle leaved tree), in a remnant open woodland in eastern Australia. Sap flow data were collected using heat-pulse sensors
installed in six trees of each species over a 2 year period which encompassed the tail-end of a widespread drought. Our objectives
were to estimate the magnitude that a rainfall pulse had to exceed to increase tree water use (i.e., define the threshold
response), and to determine how tree and environmental factors influenced the increase in tree water use following a rainfall
pulse. We used data filtering techniques to isolate rainfall pulses, and analysed the resulting data with multivariate statistical
analysis. We found that rainfall pulses less than 20 mm did not significantly increase tree water use (P > 0.05). Using partial regression analysis to hold all other variables constant, we determined that the size of the rain
event (P < 0.05, R
2 = 0.59), antecedent soil moisture (P < 0.05, R
2 = 0.29), and tree size (DBH, cm, P < 0.05, R
2 = 0.15), all significantly affected the response to rainfall. Our results suggest that the conceptual Threshold-Delay model
describing physiological responses to rainfall pulses could be modified to include these factors. We further conclude that
modelling of stand water use over an annual cycle could be improved by incorporating the T-D behaviour of tree transpiration.
Responsible Editor: Stephen S.O. Burgess 相似文献
13.
Some key aspects of the reproductive strategy of the brown trout (Salmo trutta fario L.) in the Yadong River, Tibet, including spawning season, age at sexual maturity, fecundity and egg size, have been studied.
The majority of the samples were less than 215 mm and age ranged from 1 to 4 in both sexes, indicating that the majority of
the fish were younger and the pressure by overfishing was high. The spawning periodicity was determined to be between the
end of October and January, mainly in November and December. The ratio of male to female brown trout population (1.29:1 with
P > 0.05) suggested no sex significant differences, although males were significantly more abundant than females in October
(P < 0.0001) on monthly basis. Age and size of males and females at maturity was different and males matured earlier than females.
Fecundity was markedly correlated with their body weight (P < 0.001, r = 0.9255), standard length (P < 0.01, r = 0.8879), and gonad weight (P < 0.001, r = 0.9366). The mean size of mature eggs in the spawning season was: 4.0 ± 0.45 mm and tended to increase along with the female
spawners size (P < 0.001, r = 0.9641). Further researches about the brown trout population in the Yadong River should be conducted on issues such as
artificial reproduction, culture, conservation, management, and restocking. 相似文献
14.
A 42-day experiment was conducted to compare the effects of various levels of sodium selenite (SS) and Se-enriched yeast (SY)
on chicken productivity, carcass traits, and breast Se concentration. Six hundred 1-day-old Cobb 500 broiler chicks were placed
on 1 of 6 experimental treatments. The treatments consisted of feeding a diet without Se supplementation (basal diet) or basal
diet with 0.6 mg/kg supplemented Se supplied by SS, SY, or a mix of the two (0.45 SS + 0.15 SY; 0.3 SS + 0.3 SY; 0.15 SS + 0.45
SY). Chicks in all Se-supplemented treatments had significantly higher final body weight and eviscerated weight than those
on the basal diet (P < 0,05) and no significant differences were observed among selenium source (P < 0.05). Also, chicks in all Se-supplemented treatments had significantly higher Se contents in breast tissue than the control
group (P < 0.05). Replacing SS by SY in the broiler diets resulted in increased concentrations of Se in the breast (P < 0.01). Strong correlations were found between breast Se concentrations and the level of SY supplementation of the broiler
diet (r = 0.992). The results from this experiment indicate that SY is a superior source of selenium for the production of selenized
meat, and can be used, without any detrimental effect on chicken performance, for adding nutritional value to broiler meat
and thus safely improving human selenium intake. 相似文献
15.
Zhang X Fei Y Zhang M Wei D Li M Ding W Yang J 《Biological trace element research》2008,121(3):233-242
Insulin plays an important role in bone prevention of diabetic osteoporosis, but little is known about the relation between
the bone mineral density (BMD) increase and the change of mineral element content after treated with insulin. To address this
problem, male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal group (n = 6), streptozotocin-induced diabetic group (n = 5), and streptozotocin-induced diabetic group with insulin treatment (n = 5). The femoral BMD was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, and the element content was determined by inductively
coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The results showed that the femoral BMD in diabetic group was significantly
lower than that in normal group (P < 0.01) but restored by insulin treatment (P < 0.01 vs diabetic group). ICP-AES analysis revealed that the element content of calcium (Ca), phosphorous (P), magnesium
(Mg), strontium (Sr), and potassium (K) in diabetic group were remarkably lower than those in normal group (P < 0.01) but only Ca, P, and Mg content were significantly increased compared with diabetic group (P < 0.05) after insulin treatment. However, no significant differences were observed in element zinc (Zn) content among three
groups. Our findings suggested that the loss of Ca, P, Mg, Sr, and K content accounted for the lower BMD in streptozotocin-induced
diabetes rats, insulin treatment could restore BMD by increasing the content of Ca, P, and Mg. 相似文献
16.
Wang Y 《Biological trace element research》2009,128(2):184-190
The present research evaluated differential effects of sodium selenite and nano-Se on growth performance, tissue Se distribution,
and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity of avian broiler. Broilers were randomly segregated into 12 groups so that three
replicates were available for each of the three treatments (T-1, T-2, and T-3) and control groups. The control groups were
fed basal diets without Se addition. T-1, T-2, and T-3 were fed with diets containing 0.2 mg kg−1 sodium selenite, 0.2 mg kg−1 nano-Se, and 0.5 mg kg−1 nano-Se, respectively. Compared with the control, Se supplementation remarkably improved daily weight gain and survival rate
and decreased feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05). However, no significant difference was observed between T-1, T-2, and T-3. The tissue Se content was significantly
higher (P < 0.05) in Se-supplemented groups than the control, and T-3 showed the highest. Furthermore, higher Se content was observed
in liver, and there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) compared with that in muscle. As for serum and hepatic GSH-Px activities, Se supplementation remarkably improved
GSH-Px activity (P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between treatments (T-1, T-2, and T-3). 相似文献
17.
M. Saleem Akhtar Abdul Asim Farooq Syed Aun Muhammad Laeeq Akbar Lodhi C. Sikandar Hayat M. Mushtaq Aziz 《Biological trace element research》2010,137(3):340-343
The aim of present study was to determine the changes of sodium, potassium, chloride, copper, and zinc in serum of Nili-Ravi
buffalo during pregnancy and lactation. The study was carried out on 25 Nili-Ravi buffaloes during March 2008 to February
2009 at Buffalo Research Institute, Pattoki, District Kasur. Blood samples were taken from each buffalo during early pregnancy
(Phase EP), i.e., between 1 and 3 months gestation, mid pregnancy (Phase MP), i.e., between 4 and 6 months gestation, late
pregnancy (Phase LP), i.e., between 7 and 10 months gestation, and during lactation (Phase LT). Serum sodium, potassium, and
chloride were determined on a clinical chemistry analyzer whereas copper and zinc were determined on an atomic absorption
spectrophotometer. The mean serum sodium, potassium, and chloride concentrations varied non-significantly (P > 0.05) during pregnancy and lactation. With advancing pregnancy, copper increased and was significantly high (P < 0.05) during late pregnancy whereas during lactation copper concentrations dropped significantly (P < 0.05). The zinc concentrations increased non-significantly during early and mid pregnancy. There were significant differences
(P < 0.05) in zinc concentrations during lactation compared with late pregnancy. This study demonstrates that concentrations
of serum sodium, potassium, and chloride remain unchanged during pregnancy and lactation whereas serum copper concentrations
increased and zinc concentrations decreased with advancing pregnancy because of the demand of the fetus at different periods
of pregnancy. 相似文献
18.
Abdel-Hasseb A. Fayed 《Biological trace element research》2010,134(1):64-67
Trace elements such as Zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and selenium (Se) are essential for male fertility. The fertilizing
capacity of most animals reduced with advancing age. The objective of the present work was to determine the serum and testicular
levels of Zn, Cu, and Se in young (10 months old) and old (30 months old) rabbits. Blood and testicular samples were obtained
from rabbits after their slaughter. All samples were digested by concentrated acids and analyzed for trace elements by flame
emission atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results showed that serum Zn and Cu were lower in old rabbits than young
(P < 0.01). Serum Se was higher in old than young rabbits (P < 0.05). Testicular Cu and Se were significantly lower in old than young rabbits (P < 0.01). However, Zn level was higher in old compared to young rabbits (P < 0.01). The serum Zn and Se were higher than the testicular levels (P < 0.01). The testicular Cu in both ages was higher than the serum level (P < 0.01), which suggest a very important role for Cu in the process of spermatogenesis in rabbits. 相似文献
19.
Zoran Pavlović Ivanka Miletić Živan Jokić Slađana Šobajić 《Biological trace element research》2009,131(3):263-270
A 16-week experiment was conducted to compare effects of various levels of sodium selenite (SS) and Se-enriched yeast (SY),
on the whole-egg Se content and hen’s productivity. One hundred Shaver 579 hens, 27 weeks old, were placed on one of five
experimental treatments. Each treatment was replicated four times with five hens per cage. Treatments consisted of feeding
a low Se diet without supplementation (basal diet) or basal diet with one of two levels of supplemented Se (0.4 or 0.8 mg/kg)
supplied by SS or SY. All supplemented treatments had significantly higher whole-egg Se concentration from basal diet (P < 0.05). On the same supplemented level, hens fed on SY had higher egg Se content from hens feed on SS (P < 0.001). No effects of dietary treatments on egg weight, percentages of dirty and cracked egg, and feed intake and conversion
of feed were observed throughout the trial (P < 0.05). In the first 8 weeks, there was no significant difference (P < 0.05) in hen-day egg production among treatments. From the ninth week on to the end of the trial, supplementation of SY
to hen’s diet resulted in a higher egg production than SS (P < 0.01). 相似文献
20.
A 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments was used to investigate the effects of different levels of copper (Cu, 0, 19,
and 38 mg/kg, dry matter (DM)) and molybdenum (Mo, 0 and 5 mg/kg, DM) supplements and an interaction of these two factors
on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and cashmere and follicle characteristics in cashmere goats. Thirty-six Liaoning
cashmere goats (approximately 1.5 years of age; 27.53 ± 1.38 kg of body weight) were assigned randomly to one of six treatments
and fed with Chinese wildrye- and alfalfa hay-based treatment diets (the basal diet contained 4.72 mg Cu/kg, 1.65 mg Mo/kg,
and 0.21% S.). Body weight was measured on two consecutive days at the start and the end of the 70-day experimental period.
On day 30, the metabolism trial was conducted to study the effects of dietary Cu and Mo on nutrient digestibility. The cashmere
and skin samples were collected on day 70. Copper supplementation increased (P < 0.05) growth performance and fiber digestion, but there were no differences (P > 0.05) between Cu-supplemented groups. Addition of 19 mg Cu/kg DM increased (P < 0.05) cashmere growth length or growth rate by increasing the number of active secondary follicles. Molybdenum supplementation
decreased (P < 0.05) growth, but did not affect (P > 0.05) nutrient digestion, cashmere, and follicle characteristics. There is a tendency or significant interaction effect
of Cu and Mo on growth performance (P = 0.057), cashmere growth (P = 0.076), or diameter (P < 0.05) which might be accomplished by changing the number of secondary follicle and active secondary follicle, and secondary
to primary follicle ratio. In conclusion, the optimal supplemental Cu level for Liaoning cashmere goats fed with the basal
diet was 19 mg/kg DM (the total dietary Cu level of 23.72 mg/kg DM), while 38 mg Cu/kg DM supplementation was found to be
needed when 5 mg Mo/kg was added in the basal diet during the cashmere growing period. 相似文献