Novel conducting tissues in Lower Devonian plants

Elongate cells presumed to comprise water-conducting tissues are described from the central regions of short lengths of two naked, stomatiferous, coalified, axial fossils from Lochkovian (Lower Devonian) fluvial rocks in the Welsh Borderland. In one, a discrete central strand is predominantly composed of uniformly thickened cells that are compared with central tissues in coeval plants, e.g. Aglaophyton , and the hydroids of extant mosses. The other has at least two types of cells with pits of plasmodesmata dimensions that perforate only the inner layer of a bilayered wall. These are compared with liverwort and Takakia hydroids and the coeval S-type tracheids that characterize the Rhyniopsida. The affinities of the two axes remain equivocal. The relevance of plasmodesmata-derived pits to the evolution of diversity in water-conducting elements in early cmbryophytes is discussed.     

Aglaophyton major, a non-vascular land-plant from the Devonian Rhynie Chert

EDWARDS, D. S., 1986. Aglaophyton major , a non-vascular land-plant from the Devonian Rhynie Chert. The genus Aglaophyton is described to accommodate the plant formerly known as Rhynia major , re-examined using new material and techniques. The plant, which is a sporophyte, is suggested to have been shorter than originally supposed and to have formed extensive stands of decumbent axes. These features, with information on the angle of dichotomous branching and the frequency of sporangia, are incorporated into a new reconstruction of the plant. The conducting strand within the axes consists of three zones, a central region of thin-walled cells, a middle region of thick-walled cells and an outer region of thin-walled cells. There is no indication of differential wall thickenings in the cells of any of these zones and the strand is interpreted in terms of a bryophytic conducting strand, the inner two regions being comparable to hydroids and the outer region comparable to the leptoids found in polytrichaceous moss gametophytes and sporophyles. The plant thus exhibits characters intermediate between tracheophytes and some mosses and cannot be considered a member of either group; at the present time it is not assigned to a higher category. A rediagnosis of Rhynia gwynne-vaughanii , based on published results and new data, is also included.     

蒙古南部新金斯特地区下泥盆统洛霍考夫阶察甘安布拉格组牙形刺的新记录

蒙古南部新金斯特地区萨克黑尔剖面察甘安布拉格组上部发现的牙形刺, 包括Caudicriodusneowos chmidtisp. nov., Caudicriodussp. A, Kimognathussp., “Ozarkodina”planilingua, Pandorinellinaoptima, Ozarkodinaexcavata, 清楚地表明察甘安布拉格组上部应当归到中洛霍考夫阶(泥盆系)而不是像以往那样归到中-上志留统。海相温洛克统和罗德洛统地层在蒙古南部是否存在还需要寻找证据。文章描写了一个新种Caudicriodusneowos chmidtisp. nov.和一个未定种Caudicriodussp. A。     

迄今世界最早被子植物花序化石的首次发现

首次报道迄今已知世界最早的被子植物花序化石。该花序花石产于甸黑龙江鸡西早白垩世城子河组,花序由数十枚小花组成,其花粉具典型的被子植物特征,无明确的萌发口器,根据其所在层位下伏海相层化石佐证,以及与以色列等地早期被子植物花粉化石的对比等。该花序持质时代可能为早白垩世晚期,或Ｈａｕｔｅｒｉｖｉａｎ晚期至Ｂａｒｒｅｍｉａｎ早期。文中还讨论了此花序及其花粉化石的发现在研究全球被子植物起源早期演化等的重要意     

Ultrastructural analysis of leaf trichome plasmodesmata reveals major differences from mesophyll plasmodesmata

Functional studies on molecular transport through plasmodesmata in leaf mesophyll and trichome cells revealed significant differences in their basal size-exclusion limits and their response to microinjected tobacco mosaic virus movement protein (E. Waigmann et al., 1994, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91: 1433–1437; E. Waigmann and P. Zambryski, 1995, Plant Cell 7: 2069–2079). To address the basis for these functional differences, Nicotiana clevelandii trichome and mesophyll plasmodesmata were compared ultrastructurally. Trichome plasmodesmata increase in ultrastructural complexity from the tip to the base cell. Their neck regions, thought to control molecular traffic through plasmodesmata, are clearly distinct from necks of mesophyll plasmodesmata. In contrast to the electron-dense desmotubular area in mesophyll plasmodesmata, trichome plasmodesmata contain an electron-translucent circle in their center, surrounded by an electron-dense ring. This latter ring is connected to the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane by multiple spokes or filaments. Two monoclonal antibodies raised against a maize plasmodesmal protein preparation (A. Turner et al., 1994, J Cell Sci. 107: 3351–3361) interact with both trichome and mesophyll N. clevelandii plasmodesmata. Based on the localization pattern and the high degree of cross-reactivity, both antibodies likely recognize a conserved structural component of plasmodesmata, and may be useful to mark plasmodesma in a variety of plants and tissues. Received: 24 January 1997 / Accepted: 3 March 1997     

桂中南下泥盆统的胴甲鱼类化石

本文通过对近年来在广西横县六景采集的下泥盆统胴甲鱼类化石的描述,同时对以往记述或报道过的该地的胴甲鱼类化石作了简要的评说,在此基础上,列出了广西下泥盆统莲花山组的胴甲鱼类化石.根据这些胴甲鱼类化石内容,讨论了桂中南的莲花山组与滇东曲靖有关地层的对比,重申了桂中南莲花山组的地质时代应和曲靖西屯组的相当.由于直伏于西屯组之下,尚有一含多鳃鱼类化石为其特色的西山村组,该组又公认是早泥盆世早期的沉积,因此,桂中南的莲花山组之下,缺失了相当于西山村组的沉积.很显然,以莲花山组的地层内容所建立的莲花山阶,用来代表我国早泥盆世早期的沉积是不妥当的.     

Miospore stratigraphy of Lower and early Middle Devonian deposits from Tidikelt, Central Sahara, Algeria

The Tidikelt region forms an outstanding area for subsurface Lower Devonian stratigraphy in the central Algerian Sahara. Sediments from five boreholes have revealed abundant and diverse assemblages of miospores, acritarchs, chitinozoa, scolecodont and microplant remains. The miospores are moderately well preserved. Three new miospore species (Dibolisporites saharansis nov. sp. Hassan Kermandji, Acinosporites conatus nov. sp. Hassan Kermandji and Scylaspora tidikeltense nov. sp. Hassan Kermandji) are described. Miospore assemblages vary through the regressive and transgressive sequences. Seven miospore assemblage biozones, including six new miospore assemblage biozones (Scylaspora tidikeltense-Perotrilites microbaculatus, Dictyotriletes emsiensis-Emphanisporites spinaeformis, Apiculiretusispora arenorugosa-Camptozonotriletes caperatus, Verrucosisporites polygonalis-Dictyotriletes subgranifer, Emphanisporites annulatus-Geminospora svalbardiae, Hystricosporites microancyreus-Grandispora protea, Calyptosporites velatus-Rhabdosporites langii) are proposed for the Lower and early Middle Devonian rocks of Tidikelt Plateau. The combined use of distinctive, wide distribution cosmopolitan and Gondwanan forms as biozonal and species characteristics permits accurate subdivision, dating and correlation of Tidikelt successions with other similar miospore zones of the Lower Devonian of Europe, Canada and other parts of Gondwana plate. The miospore data provide new explanations to stratigraphic relationships of regional rock units, sedimentary cycles and stratigraphic hiatus. The miospore biozones are proposed as a provincial biozonation, which may also be applied to other Palaeozoic rocks of similar miospore content.     

广西中部下泥盆统无颌类和鱼类微体化石——兼论桂中与滇东下泥盆统的对比

记述了广西横县六景那高岭组、郁江组,武宣二塘二塘组和象州大乐四排组(大乐组)的无颌类和鱼类微体化石。经过形态学和古组织学的研究,这些化石被归于13属(其中包括1新属、2未定属)11种(其中包括3新种4未定种和1比较种)。结合以往在莲花山组和那高岭组下部已报道的脊椎动物大化石资料讨论了广西中部下泥盆统的脊椎动物组合序列:莲花山组以Yunnanolepis-Qujinolepis组合,那高岭组以Asiaspis expansa-Machaeracanthus? bohemicus组合,郁江组以Turinia sp.-Cheiracanthoides comptus-Ohiolepis newberryi组合,二塘组以Nostolepis guangxinensis-Wuxuanichthys wangi-Ligulalepis cf. toombsi组合为代表。另外,据已报道的脊椎动物微体化石和大化石资料,对广西中部和云南东部下泥盆统进行了对比。     

广西荔浦早泥盆世腹足类

腹足类化石采自广西荔浦栗木早泥盆世四排组,共3属4种:Oriostoma?lipuense sp. nov., Naticopsis sp., Murchisonia angulata Philips, Murehisonia bachelieri Rouault其中Murchisonia属的两种是西欧早泥盆世常见的分子。Oriostoma?lipuense是1个归属有疑问的新种。与腹足类共生的有早泥盆世的腕足类、轮藻和介形类等化石。     

轮生钩藻的形态特征及其系统位置

十年前在云南省早泥盆世的地层中发现了轮生钩藻(Uncataella verticillata),限于当时的材料,其分类位置未定。本研究所用材料采自它的模式标本产地,化石植物保存良好,首次发现了着生在植物体上的雌性生殖器官——藏卵器。根据藏卵器和植物体其它部分显示的形态特征,本文修订了它的原始描述并对其系统位置进行了探讨,认为轮生钩藻是一种原始的轮藻植物,很可能属于直立轮藻目直立轮藻科中的一个成员。     

Bacterial origin of the Red Pigmentation in the devonian Slivenec Limestone, Czech Republic

Summary The deep-red lenses of the Pragian Slivenec Limestone have been extensively quarried for ornamental purposes since the XII^th century. Petrographic microscope observations indicate that the hematite stainings of the limestone follow ten different patterns. They range from massive non-directional filling of cavities to mineralized films and microstromatolites. Numerous ironrich endolithes are observed. Some could be derived from bacterial or lichen perforations and some related to ferric bacteria. Infiltration along welded calcite crystals, regular mineralized films and microstromatolites suggest a ferric bacterial origin for the pigment. This is confirmed by scanning microscope examinations of polished sections, that show hematite concentrations along micrometric filamentous sheaths.     

记利沃鱼(Livosteus)—新种

详细记述了发现于云南武定早泥盆世晚期利沃鱼(Livosteus)的新材料.依据其特征,建立一个新种.这是该属除在拉脱维亚以外在世界上的第二个种,因此具有重要的古生物地理意义.     

云南曲靖地区下泥盆统小肢鱼(Microbrachius)化石的新发现

记述了胴甲鱼类（ａｎｔｉａｒｃｈｓ）。肢鱼一新种,穿洞小肢鱼（Ｍｉｃｒｏｂｒａｃｈｉｕｓ ｃｈｕａｎｄｏｎｇｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．）。该化石发现于云南曲靖下泥盆统上部穿洞组,其时代大致与埃姆斯期（Ｅｍｓｉａｎ）相当。新种在以下 ３点与中华小肢鱼（Ｍ． ｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）明显不同： １）个体明显小于中华小肢鱼;２）新种前中背片为三边形,举穴宽;３）新种纹饰在背甲上由纵向排列细而密的嵴组成。新种由于具有较大的中腹片和嵴状纹饰上没有启状突起,因而与小肢鱼的属型种Ｍ． ｄｉｃｋｉ不同。     

依据牙形刺确定的蒙古国塔琳波格德组（Taliin Bogd Formation）的时代

在蒙古南部波尔海尔汗乌尔(Bor hairhan uul)剖面的塔琳波格德组下部的6个样品中发现了牙形刺,通过研究清楚地表明含牙形刺动物群的塔琳波格德组下部的时代是中洛霍考夫阶(早泥盆世)到中艾菲尔阶(中泥盆世).塔琳波格德组的牙形刺动物群更接近于北美同时期的动物群,而与欧洲同期动物群相远.这一动物群可能属于冷水动物群.作者在文中描写了一个新种:Steptotaxis mongolianus sp.nov.Wang.