亚硒酸钠对糖尿病肾病大鼠肾脏Nephrin表达的影响与意义

探讨亚硒酸钠对糖尿病肾病大鼠肾脏Nephrin表达的影响及二者间的关系,从而研究亚硒酸钠和Nephrin在糖尿病肾病中的作用机制.通过链脲佐菌素法及给予高脂饮食诱导模拟大鼠糖尿病肾病模型,实验设空白对照组、糖尿病肾病对照组、亚硒酸钠干预组,亚硒酸钠干预组每日给予亚硒酸钠溶液灌胃,其它组给予等量生理盐水灌胃.灌胃10周后处死大鼠,取血、尿标本测相关生化指标.取肾脏组织戊二醛固定制作切片电镜下观察超微结构改变,取肾脏组织多聚甲醛固定制石蜡切片光镜下观察病理改变和免疫组化定位蛋白表达.取肾脏组织RT-PCR检测Nephrin的mRNA表达、Western Blotting检测nephrin的蛋白表达,分析各组数据的统计差异.结果发现亚硒酸钠干预组大鼠基本状况和生化指标较糖尿病肾病对照组明显改善,光镜和电镜下观察病理改变和超微结构病变较糖尿病肾病对照组明显减轻.免疫组化nephrin蛋白表达着色糖尿病肾病对照组较空白对照组减少,亚硒酸钠干预组较糖尿病肾病对照组着色明显增多.Nephrin mRNA和蛋白表达糖尿病肾病对照组较空白对照组明显降低,而亚硒酸钠干预组较糖尿病肾病对照组升高,但低于空白对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）．亚硒酸钠明显促进肾脏Nephrin表达,改善了糖尿病肾病,表明亚硒酸钠和Nephrin在防治和延缓糖尿病肾病的发生发展中可能起重要作用．     

AC1及AC3抗白内障形成中晶状体谷胱甘肽代谢相关酶活性的变化

观察了亚硒酸钠,AC1,AC3对大鼠晶状体中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px),谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)及谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)的影响。结果表明,亚硒酸钠组大鼠的晶状体尚未混浊前已出现GSH-Px活性增高及GR和GST的活性降低。GR活性下降随白内障进展而加重。AC1及AC3均可使亚硒酸钠所致的酶活性变化逆转,但对正常晶状体的酶活性没有影响。     

抗氧化剂与自由基清除剂对硒性白内障形成的影响

本文观察了8种化合物(抗氧化剂及自由基清除剂)对大鼠亚硒酸钠性白内障的影响。实验分为正常对照组,亚硒酸钠组及药物对抗组。亚硒酸钠组系给13日龄大鼠皮下注射亚硒酸钠(6μmoles/kg体重),间日一次,逐次递增1μmole/kg体重,连续5次,药物对抗组则同时腹腔注射抗氧化剂或自由基清除剂,每日观察并记录白内障的发生频率及程度,实验表明,一些抗氧化剂及自由基清除剂能够有效的对抗亚硒酸钠性白内障的发生发展,其中AC1、AC3及AC3的效果尤为明显。本文的结果为探讨白内障形成机理及防治提供了实验依据。     

抗白内障药物滴眼对亚硒酸钠性白内障的预防作用

 观察了三种化合物(抗氧化剂与自由基清除剂)对大鼠亚硒酸钠性白内障的滴眼预防作用。实验分为正常对照组、亚硒酸钠组及滴眼预防组。亚硒酸钠组及滴眼预防组系给12─13日龄的大鼠皮下注射亚硒酸钠,首次剂量为6μmol/kg体重,间日一次,逐次递增1μmol/kg体重,连续六次。预防组则为大鼠开眼后同时滴眼抗氧化剂与自由基清除剂。结果表明,三种化合物通过滴眼均能有效的防止亚硒酸钠性白内障的发生,白内障的发生率从95.8％降低至15％～43.5％。同时测定了各组晶状体中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GSSG-R)及谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GSH-S)的活性,结果表明,凡注射硒的大鼠晶状体中GSH-Px及GSSG-R的活性均比正常晶状体的高,接受抗氧化剂与自由基清除剂预防的大鼠晶状体中这两种酶的活性比未接受预防的大鼠晶状体中的低。单独注射硒的大鼠晶状体中GSH-S的活性比正常晶状体的高。接受预防的大鼠晶状体中此酶的活性和正常晶状体无差异,但比单独注射硒的大鼠晶状体中的低。     

AC1及AC3对白内障形成中晶状体氧化还原物质及硒含量的变化

观察了AC1和AC3对抗亚硒酸钠性白内障形成过程中晶状体的脂类过氧化作用,非蛋白质疏基水平及硒含量。结果表明,亚硒酸钠组大鼠,在晶状体混浊出现前已发生脂类过氧化作用及硒含量的明显增加,非蛋白质巯基含量的显著降低,并持续至核混浊期;而同时接受AC1或AC3的大鼠,晶状体非蛋白质巯基水平初期降低,然后逐渐恢复至正常。AC1可有效的对抗亚硒酸钠所致的脂类过氧化作用增加,而AC3的对抗效应需一定剂量及时程,两者对晶状体硒含量均无明显影响。     

骨化三醇对自身免疫性甲状腺炎大鼠T淋巴细胞亚群的影响

目的:研究骨化三醇对自身免疫性甲状腺炎模型大鼠甲状腺功能、甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb)、甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TGAb)及脾脏T淋巴细胞亚群的影响。方法:20只Lewis大鼠采用高碘饮水联合猪甲状腺球蛋白皮下注射的方法建立自身免疫性甲状腺炎动物模型。造模成功后大鼠随机分为模型组和骨化三醇组。经10周灌胃后,检测各组大鼠甲状腺功能三项、甲状腺抗体,流式细胞技术检测大鼠脾脏T淋巴细胞亚群的比例。结果:(1)与正常组相比,模型组及骨化三醇组大鼠促甲状腺激素(TSH)明显降低,血清游离甲状腺素(FT4)及TPOAb、TGAb明显升高,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.01);与模型组大鼠相比,骨化三醇组大鼠TPOAb、TGAb明显降低(P0.01);(2)与正常组相比,模型组大鼠表现为Th1、Th17细胞比例升高(P0.05),Th1/Th2、Th17/Treg比例升高(P0.05),与模型组相比,骨化三醇组大鼠Th1、Th17细胞比例降低(P0.05),Th2、Treg比例升高(P0.05),Th1/Th2、Th17/Treg比例降低(P0.01)。结论:骨化三醇可通过抑制Th1、Th17免疫亢进,改善Th1/Th2、Th17/Treg失调,改善自身免疫性甲状腺炎免疫反应。     

低硒对大鼠心电图的影响及补硒后的变化

目的:探讨低硒对大鼠心电图的影响及补硒后心电图的变化。方法:将30只SD大鼠随机分为对照组、低硒组及补硒组,每组各10只,对照组喂养标准饲料,低硒组喂养低硒饲料,补硒组喂养低硒饲料14周后再给予亚硒酸钠补硒3周,各组喂养17周后,检测大鼠的血硒、血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶及心电图的变化。结果:低硒组大鼠血硒水平和血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶水平与对照组相比明显降低(P0.05),补硒后两者又明显增加(P0.05)。正常对照组大鼠心电图大部分正常,低硒组大鼠心电图多数为异常心电图,主要表现为室性早搏、室性心动过速、交界性房性早搏、T波低平等,补硒组大鼠心电图大部分恢复正常心电图,仅有少部分表现为异常心电图。结论:低硒可导致大鼠谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性减低,低硒饮食后,大鼠心电图明显发生异常,多表现为室性心律失常,补硒可使低硒所致的心电图变化多数恢复正常。     

亚硒酸钠、酵母硒和富硒螺旋藻对杂交鲟幼鱼生长、抗氧化能力及组织硒含量的影响

实验旨在研究饲料中不同类型和水平的硒源对杂交鲟(Acipenser baerii♂×Acipenser schrenckii♀)幼鱼生长、抗氧化能力及组织硒含量的影响。不同类型的硒源为亚硒酸钠、酵母硒和富硒螺旋藻,添加水平为0、0.4和1.2 mg/kg,制作对照饲料(C)、亚硒酸钠添加饲料(S1和S2)、酵母硒添加饲料(Y1和Y2)和富硒螺旋藻添加饲料(P1和P2)。使用实验饲料饲喂初始体重为(7.82±0.12) g的杂交鲟幼鱼,养殖62d。结果表明,不同硒源和硒水平对杂交鲟幼鱼的特定生长率和饲料效率无显著影响(P>0.05)。高水平亚硒酸钠显著提高了全鱼和肝脏硒含量(P<0.05),但对肌肉和脊椎骨硒含量无显著影响(P>0.05)。高水平酵母硒和富硒藻螺旋添加组杂交鲟幼鱼的全鱼、肝脏、肌肉及脊椎骨硒含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。酵母硒添加组的血浆总蛋白(TP)和总胆固醇(TC)含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。同时,高水平硒添加组杂交鲟幼鱼的血浆谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性显著高于对照组和低水平硒添加组(P<0.05)。亚...     

甲状腺素钠和地塞米松结合用于桥本甲状腺炎的临床研究

目的观察甲状腺素钠和地塞米松结合用于桥本甲状腺炎的临床效果。方法选取桥本甲状腺炎患者78例,采用简单随机分组法分为实验组和对照组,对照组给予甲状腺素钠治疗,实验组给予甲状腺素钠和地塞米松联合治疗,比较两组患者的临床效果。结果两组患者治疗后的血清游离三碘甲腺原氨酸(FT3)水平无明显变化,与治疗前比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组治疗后的超敏促甲状腺激素(sTSH)水平低于治疗前,血清游离甲状腺素(FT4)水平高于治疗前,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组治疗后sTSH、FT4水平比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论甲状腺素钠联合地塞米松治疗桥本甲状腺炎的效果显著,值得临床推广应用。     

心外膜脂肪厚度与冠脉病变严重程度的相关性研究

目的:探讨心外膜脂肪组织(Epicardial adipose tissue,EAT)厚度与冠状动脉病变严重程度的相关性。方法:收集167名符合纳入标准的患者,根据冠状动脉造影(coronary arteriography,CAG)结果分2组:正常冠脉组(65例)及冠心病冠脉病变组(≥1支冠状动脉病变狭窄程度≥50%)(102例)。同期经胸超声心动图测量EAT厚度,并依据CAG图像计算Gensini评分、Syntax评分。结果:冠脉正常组和冠心病病变组EAT厚度分别为(3.89±0.2 mm)、(6.19±1.19 mm),冠心病病变组显著高于冠脉正常组(P0.001)。进一步分析EAT的厚度分别为5 mm、5-7 mm和7 mm时,Gensini评分分别为:7.21±7.73,37.80±29.55和62.77±27.26;Syntax评分分别为:7.13±7.70,19.71±7.27和24.95±4.31。EAT的厚度与Gensini评分(r=0.621;P0.001)、Syntax评分(r=0.689;P0.001)呈正相关。结论:心外膜脂肪组织厚度与冠状动脉狭窄的复杂程度评分Gensini评分、Syntax评分呈正相关。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.