宁波地区蝴蝶种类调查及区系分析

宁波地区蝶类164种,尿属于11科106属,其中,东洋种81个,占总数的49．39％,古北种15个,占总数的9．14％,东洋古北共有种65个,占39．63％,广布种3个,占1．82％,区系分析表明,本地区蝶类资源属于东洋区系范畴,并具有东洋区向古北区过渡的特性,蝶类分布型有24个,仅限于华中,华南,西南3区分布的种类有49个,占总数的近1／3,调查发现浙江省新纪录3种。     

桂林雁山地区蝶类种类调查及区系分析

调查发现广西桂林雁山地区的蝴蝶种类有10科122属254种,以蛱蝶科、弄蝶科、眼蝶科、灰蝶科的种类较多,分别占总数的20.8%、16.9%、16.1%和15.7%。不同季节的蝴蝶种类和数量分布不均匀,春、夏、秋、冬的蝴蝶种类分别为83、198、175和148种;捕获的种数分别占捕获总数的13.7%、32.8%、29%和24.5%。区系成分以东洋种为主,占69.4%;东洋古北兼有种占25.4%,古北种占2.4%;广布种占2.7%。     

陕西农田蜘蛛的区系分析

陕西农田蜘蛛有32科104属236种,古北界120种,东洋界89种,除上2界外,尚有广泛分布的27种。黄土高原分布区有蜘蛛56种,古北界36种,东洋界3种,广泛分布的17种;关中平原区有蜘蛛135种,古北界78种,东洋界44种,广泛分布的13种;秦岭山区有蜘蛛122种,古北界55种,东洋界50种,广泛分布的17种;汉中、安康盆地区有蜘蛛103种,东洋界66种,古北界26种,广泛分布的11种;大巴山区有蜘蛛16种,东洋界9种,广泛分布的7种。秦岭为2界的分界线,即北纬33°～34°之间分界,此界与陕西等积温(日均温≥10℃)3600℃线吻合,秦岭北为古北界,以南为东洋界,关中平原和汉中、安康盆地区为古北界与东洋界的过渡区。     

浙江省茶园蜘蛛发生,分布及种类调查初报

通过几年来对浙江主要茶园蜘蛛发生,分布及种类调查,初步明确浙江省茶园蜘蛛达２０科９８种,其中八斑鞘腹蛛,草间小黑蛛,花腹盖蛛,鳞纹肖蛸,王冠园蛛等１０余种及茶园主要蛛种。     

蒙古高原天牛亚科昆虫种类组成及区系分析

对蒙古高原天牛亚科昆虫种类组成及区系进行初步分析,已记载共26属69种,各属所包含的天牛种类数量差异很大,以Xylotrechus为优势属,Chlorophorus次之,且在俄、蒙、中三国,各属的种类组成、数量也有差异;在种的组成中,以古北种所占比例最大,为60.87%,广布种也占有相当比例为39.13%。Xylotrechus在俄、蒙、中三国均以古北种占优势,而Chlorophorus在蒙古国以古北种占优势,在俄、中两国以广布种占优势。柽柳漠天牛Hesperophanes heydeni Baeckm.为中国新记录种。中国无分布记录的蒙古高原天牛亚科昆虫有4种:戈壁鞍背天牛Asias gobiensis Namhaidorzh、乌布苏虎天牛Chlorophorus ubsanurensis Tsherepanov、蒙瘦尾鞘天牛Leptepania okunevi Shabliovsky、阿木尔脊虎天牛Xylotrechus pantherinus(Sav.)。     

山东省稻田蜘蛛种类名录

1978～ 1992年 ,在山东省已查明的水稻害虫天敌蜘蛛种类为 15科 ,40属 ,70种。1.卷叶蛛科 Dictynidae1种( 1)黑斑卷叶蛛 Dictyna foliicola Boes.et Str.,190 62 .蜣蛛科 Ulobridae 1种( 2 )中华涡蛛 Octonoba sinensis( Simon,1880 )3.幽灵蛛科 Photchidae1种( 3)长崎幽灵蛛 Pholcus opilionoides( Schrank,1781)4.圆蛛科 Araneidae16种( 4)角圆蛛 Araneuscornutus Clerck,175 7( 5 )叶斑圆蛛 Araneus sia Strand,190 6( 6 )大腹圆蛛 Araneus ventricosus( L.Koch,1877)( 7)交迭圆蛛 Araneus alternidens Schenkel,1936( 8)黄斑圆…     

秦岭锐齿栎群落种类组成与区系分析

在秦岭林区的锐齿栎群落中出现的维管束植物有82科227属495种,其中乔木123种,灌木100种,草本240种,层间植物32种;非维管束植物有15科19属19种,其中苔藓植物9科13属13种,蕨类植物6科6属6种。群落中偶见种或稀有种的频度出现的百分比高,体现了群落在生境上的差异性,也说明了该群落是一个种类比较丰富、均匀的群落。其区系种类复杂、繁多。地理联系广泛,来源于多种地理成分,其中温带成分占优势,共有115属,占总属数的53．99％;而北温带成分又在其中占明显优势,共有92属,占总属数的43．19％,这些北温带成分大多是该群落各层次中的常遇植物,也是主要的建群植物和主要的伴生植物,体现了锐齿栎群落植物区系的温带亲缘性;各热带成分占有相当的比例,说明了该植物区系与热带植物区系的渊源关系及与其地理位置、气候特征相适应的过渡性特征。     

崇明岛上沙地区蜘蛛种类及其动态分析

于2011年4月初到2013年10月底,在崇明岛上沙地区选择6个代表性区域,采用捕捉、扣管、扫网和陷阱法对蜘蛛种类进行系统调查和定点采集,共采集蜘蛛标本700头,初步鉴定出蜘蛛63种,隶属13科38属,另有8种鉴定到属。该地区蜘蛛优势种类是跳蛛科、肖蛸科、园蛛科、狼蛛科。文章介绍了蜘蛛种群年度消长规律,同时探讨了不同环境因子的变化对蜘蛛种群的影响,分析表明：蜘蛛种群密度与生境和农药的使用存在显著差异,蜘蛛适宜生存的温度在15℃～35℃,适易的相对湿度在65％-85％。     

湘江中游江段螺类的种类组成及区系分析

报道了湘江中游江段螺类的调查结果,计有螺类31种(其中5种为湖南省新记录),分别隶属于腹足纲6科11属,其中主要是田螺科的种类.对它们的种类组成、区系、种群大小、分布与栖息环境的关系进行了分析,并讨论了城镇污水未经处理直接排放及修河拦坝对螺类生存环境的影响.     

蕉园蜘蛛种类及其数量消长调查

初步调查香蕉园的蜘蛛约有20多种,是香蕉害虫的重要天敌,主要栖息于香蕉植株的上部和基部,中部则较少。狼蛛类、蚁蛛、蝇虎、沟瘤蛛等数量较多,常年均可见,而其余种类则在某些月份发生。与水稻田蜘蛛比较,发现蕉园中大多数蜘蛛种类与稻田的相似,仅少数种类是稻田中未有的。     

Diversity of fauna and geographic distribution of Gnaphosidae spiders (Aranei) in the Urals

The Ural fauna of gnaphosid spiders is represented by 91 species of 19 genera. Five groups, the distribution of which is restricted by the zonal and altitudinal boundaries, are distinguished. The species composition of the hypoarctic and steppe zone is highly specific. The number of Gnaphosidae species in local Ural faunas decreases from the south to the north. The relationships between the trends revealed and environmental factors are explained by specific features of biology and physiology of the group studied.     

Species richness and composition assessment of spiders in a Mediterranean scrubland

Intensive fieldwork has been undertaken in Portugal in order to develop a standardized and optimized sampling protocol for Mediterranean spiders. The present study had the objectives of testing the use of semi-quantitative sampling for obtaining an exhaustive species richness assessment of spiders and testing the effects of day, time of day, collector and sampling method on the collected species richness and composition of a Mediterranean scrubland. The collecting summed 224 samples corresponding to one person-hour of effective fieldwork each. In total, 115 species were captured, of which 110 were recorded inside a delimited one-hectare plot, corresponding to more than 70% of the about 160 estimated species. Although no estimator reached the asymptote, the Michaelis-Menten curve behaviour indicates that the estimated richness should be accurate. Most different sampling approaches (day, time of day, collector and sampling method) were found to influence richness, abundance or composition of the samples to some extent, although sampling method had the strongest influence whereas “collector” showed no effect at all. The results support the idea that the only variables that need to be controlled in similar protocols are the sampling methods and the time of day when each method is executed. We conclude that populations in structurally simple habitats present narrower peaks of adult abundance, which implies higher percentages of juveniles in samples. Finally, results also indicate that habitats with a relatively simple structure like scrublands may require as much sampling effort, in order to reach similar proportions of captured species in relation to the estimated richness, as habitats that are much more complex.     

南京市秋季外来杂草定量调查研究

利用样方法调查了南京市不同生境下外来杂草的种类和分布情况 ,并用主成分分析法处理了数据。结果表明 ,南京市秋季外来杂草有 11科 19属 2 1种 ,以菊科最多 ,多数来自美洲。主成分分析结果表明 ,影响本市外来杂草分布、危害的主要因素是人为干扰强度和土壤水分条件。依据这两个因素的不同 ,样点可划分为 4个聚类群 :聚类群I包括的样点均分布于旱地农田 ,外来杂草以反枝苋 (Amaranthusretroflexus)、波斯婆婆纳 (Veronicapersica)和喜旱莲子草 (Alternantheraphiloxeroides)为优势种 ;聚类群Ⅱ的样点都是路边荒地等无人管理的或曾经是裸地的生境 ,以一年蓬 (Erigeronannuus)、野塘蒿 (Conyzabonariensis)和小白酒草 (Conyzacanadensis)为优势外来杂草 ;聚类群Ⅲ包含的样点以公园、景区为主 ,外来杂草种类最多 ,以豚草 (Ambrosiaartemisiifolia)、北美车前 (Plantagovirginica)、喜旱莲子草、钻形紫菀 (Astersubulatus)、一年蓬、野塘蒿和小白酒草等为优势种 ;聚类群Ⅳ的样点多是水边水田等土壤含水量较高的区域 ,优势外来杂草包括喜旱莲子草、钻形紫菀和南苜蓿 (Medicagohispida )。文章分析了各聚类群物种丰富度的差异 ,表明外来杂草的入侵对生物多样性有不利影响 ,最后对如何加强管理外来杂草提出几点     

南京老山地区鞘翅目昆虫多样性及区系分析

南京老山地区动植物资源丰富,但迄今尚无对老山鞘翅目昆虫多样性的系统研究。为了解南京老山地区鞘翅目昆虫种类、群落结构及分布状况,于2020年和2021年在老山地区对鞘翅目昆虫种类的多样性进行调查,统计分析鞘翅目昆虫的种类及数量,并采用Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数、Margalef丰富度指数和Simpson优势集中性指数对其群落多样性进行分析。结果显示,老山地区共鉴定出鞘翅目昆虫23科130属152种,从属种关系来看,该地区鞘翅目昆虫属内以单种为主。区系分析表明,该地区以东洋-古北界共有种和古北种为主,比例分别为46.05%和41.45%,东洋种最少,其比例为2.63%。对多样性、均匀度、丰富度及优势集中性的相关分析表明,老山地区鞘翅目昆虫群落结构稳定,物种丰富。本研究填补了老山地区鞘翅目昆虫资源及多样性调查的空白,为该地区鞘翅目昆虫的深入研究、多样性保护和害虫防治奠定了基础,可以为其它相关类群昆虫的调查、研究提供参考依据。     

三江源国家公园兽类物种多样性及区系分析

为了解三江源国家公园野生兽类的分布现状,2015-2017年对园区进行了实地调查。根据调查结果并参考相关文献资料,三江源国家公园内野生兽类共62种,分别隶属8目19科44属。园区内兽类呈现出物种多样性高,珍稀濒危物种多,特有种多的特点：三江源国家公园内的兽类物种多样性G-F指数为0.77,表明该区域物种多样性处于很高水平。根据中国物种红色名录,20个物种受威胁（极危、濒危和易危）,比例为32.26%,远高于国家整体水平;中国或青藏高原特有种29种,占46.77%。三江源国家公园在动物地理区划上属于古北界青藏区,在地理分布型上,以古北界成分为主,东洋界成分为辅,以古北界高山型成分最多,有25种,且资源量大,表明三江源国家公园的兽类以适应高寒气候的特殊种类为主。3个园区的平均动物区系相似性比较结果表明,长江源园区与澜沧江源园区为共同关系,黄河源园区与长江源园区和澜沧江源园区为密切关系。近些年,三江源地区的兽类保护工作取得了很好的效果,并得到国内外认可,本研究结合园区生物多样性和区系特点,根据保护现状,提出了今后的监测保护建议。     

胶州湾大型底栖软体动物物种多样性研究

1998年2月至2004年11月,共7年27个航次对胶州湾10个站进行综合调查,研究了其大型底栖软体动物的多样性现状(菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapesphilippinarum)除外)并探讨其成因。结果表明:在胶州湾共发现62种底栖软体动物,优势种是滑理蛤(Theoralubrica)和豆形胡桃蛤(Nuculafaba)。从1998年至2004年期间物种多样性指数(H′)年际间波动幅度不大,且无明显的规律性变化;但季节变化明显,秋季和冬季较高,春季和夏季较低。物种均匀度指数(J)则为秋季最高(0.87),夏季最低(0.58)。物种丰富度指数(D)除夏季相对较低(1.82)外,其他三个季节差别不大。     

The fauna of spiders (Arachnida,Araneae) in agricultural landscapes of the Moscow area and the Kuban Plain

Six years of collecting in agricultural landscapes of the Moscow area and the Kuban Plain (Krasnodar Territory) revealed 286 species of spiders from 146 genera of 20 families. Two species, Clubiona pseudoneglecta Wund. and Palliduphantes insignis O.P.-C. are recorded for the Russian fauna for the first time, and 20 species are new to Moscow Province. Linyphiidae is the most species-rich family comprising about half of the species found in Moscow Province and about a quarter of those found in Krasnodar Territory. The species are classified into 13 arealogical groups. The bulk of the fauna is formed by the widespread, mostly Eurasian and Holarctic species. The spider fauna of Krasnodar Territory has smaller fractions of the Holarctic and Euro-Siberian species and larger fractions of the Palaearctic and Euro-Mediterranean species, as compared to the Moscow fauna. In general, the faunas of both the regions studied may be classified as European. The spider fauna of agrocenoses of Moscow Province is more similar to the faunas of European regions situated at the same latitude than to the fauna of Krasnodar Territory (the Kuban Plain).     

Species composition and distribution of the freshwater fish fauna of Southern Vietnam

Two hundred and fifty-five fish species occurring in freshwaters in the South of Vietnam are listed. Their geographical distribution is briefly discussed.     

A survey of running crab spiders (Araneae: Philodromidae) in Iran

Nine species and four genera of Philodromidae are identified and recorded from various parts of Iran including Pulchellodromus medius (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) (genus and species new to Iran) and Thanatus setiger (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) (new to Iran). The male of Rhysodromus hierosolymitanus (Levy, 1977), which was previously known only from females, is described and diagnosed here.