Study on systemic reaction of delayed type hypersensitivity

Effectiveness of two different samples of PPD tuberculins was studied quantitatively. No differences were found in the effect on skin test in rabbits, extent of skin reaction in guinea pigs, edema of foot-pad in rats and inhibition of spleen cell migration in guinea pigs. Differences were observed in the systemic febrile reaction in rabbits and in examinations of the thickness of infiltrated skin in guinea pig tests. The results may serve as a basis for standardization of systemic reaction in rabbits.     

Study of systemic fever reaction of the delayed type hypersensitivity

The possibility of elaborating a model of fever reaction to a simple protein antigen, ovalbumin, was investigated. Administration of the antigen in adjuvants into the foot-pads or intravenously proved unsatisfactory and did not sensitize the animal to induction of a fever reaction to a challenging dose of antigen. Sensitization by the simultaneous intravenous administration of ovalbumin together with living BCG vaccine yielded positive results. The fever response to ovalbumin is specific, since rabbits sensitized with BCG vaccine only did not respond to the administration of ovalbumin. The degree of fever reactions to tuberculin and ovalbumin in the individual rabbits was more or less proportional. The given model is reproducible and is useful for experimental studies. Further experiments will be necessary, however, for detailed characterization and for analysis of the mechanism (antibody-mediated or delayed type hypersensitivity).     

The mechanism of the delayed type of hypersensitivity

Инкубационный пром ытого клетки hypersensitive кроли ков (лейкоциты, селез енки клеток, лимфоцит ов) в разбавленном туб еркулина в vitro приводит к появлению веществ с pyrogenic действий. Эти веще ств не фигурирует в к онтроля эксперимен тов, в которых клетки hypersensitive Были инкубировали без туберкулина или в которых клетки от н ормальных, не hypersensitive крол иков были инкубиров али.     

The mechanism of the delayed type of hypersensitivity

Кролики были ознак омл ены с БЦЖ вакцины, и посл е гиперчувств ительно сть кожи вак цины, и посл е гиперчу вствительно сть кожи дозе 5 μ (itg) очищ ен ного туберкулина (PT), веде нии внутривен но. Систе мные реакци и туберкули на hypersensitive от кроликов до 5 μ г PT состоит из лихор адка, и lymphopenia изменения в число гра нулоцитов (leucocytosis или leucopenia). Эта доза не производит т ем пературы или карт ина кр ови изменения в контро ля. Гиперчув ствительн ость был переведен пас сивно по клеток (200 до 500 млн.) hypersensitive от кроликов. Она прош ла успешно на использо вании клеток селезенки, перитонеального exudate (сол еных течение четырех ч асов или минеральное нефти в течение 48 часов) и белые клетки перифери ческой крови. В пассивн ом передача гиперчувс твительности в клетка х нормальных получате лей, все проявлений сист емных туберкулина Реа кция может быть вызвал, как в активном сенсибил изированная кроликов. Передача плазмы сенсиб илизированная кролик ов. Передача плазмы раз работка системного зад ерживается гиперчувс твительность в получат елями. Он сделал вывод о том, что результаты туб еркулина системные ре акции в первую очередь вызвала реакцию на hypersenstive клеток с туберкулина.     

The mechanism of the delayed type of hypersensitivity

1. (1)
   Простой метод демон страции цитостатиче ские воздействия раз бавленных туберкул ина и ПТ) на лейкоциты от hypersensitive кролики описана. О пределенный артикль Метод состоит в пятн а и мертвых живых кле ток (лейкоциты, мыть в четыре раза и приост ановлено в Tyrode раствор а) с 1% Конго красного и 0,2% после голубого Нила в течение четырех ча сов инкубации в vitro. Нес колько сто эксперим енты проводились и сто эксперименты пр оводились и гиперсс ылок чувствительно сти кроликов испыта ниям.     
   
   

Biologic activity of extracts of delayed hypersensitivity skin reaction sites

Extracts obtained from skin sites of delayed hypersensitivity reactions show chemotactic activity for monocytes and lymphocytes but not neutrophils. The soluble extractable factors present at these sites have in vivo activity as well; they promote the accumulation of monocytes in peritoneal exudates and cause inflammatory reactions in the skin of nonimmunized animals. The skin inflammatory infiltrates are predominantly mononuclear and are similar to those of delayed hypersensitivity reactions in actively immunized guinea pigs. The extracts which produced these effects had no detectable MIF activity, nor permeability inducing activity in excess of that obtainable from normal skin.These monocyte and lymphocyte chemotactic factors were analyzed by sucrose density ultracentrifugation. By this technique the distribution of monocyte factors corresponded rather closely with that of the monocyte chemotactic factors obtained from an antigen-activated lymphocyte culture. Similar correspondence was obtained for the bulk of the lymphocyte chemotactic activity present in skin extracts and in culture supernatants. This suggests the possibility that the lymphokine-like substances in the skin extracts might in fact represent lymphokines. Further documentation of this point will provide a link between in vitro and in vivo manifestations of delayed hypersensitivity.     

Transfer of delayed hypersensitivity to leishmanin (Montenegro reaction).

It was possible to transfer the cutaneous leishmanin hypersensitivity (Montenegro reaction) to 7 out of 12 recipients. The diameter of the indurations observed ranged from 8 to 25 mm. Histological examination of skin biopsies from the site of three positive Montenegro reactions showed intense mononuclear infiltrate of lymphocytes and histiocytes, and one biopsy showed the feature of tuberculoid granuloma. Four recipients retested with leishmanin after 11, 22, 25, and 32 days, still showed positive reactions.     

Correlation of tumor specific delayed type hypersensitivity reaction and tumor protection to SV40-induced mKSA fibrosarcoma

Summary Mice immunized by excision of a primary, subcutaneously growing SV₄₀-induced mKSA solid tumor which resisted challenge of homologous tumor cells administered at a contralateral site, were found to develop a specific DTH response to SV₄₀ tumor associated transplantation antigens (TATA).In a two-way criss-cross experiment, this DTH response (assessed by direct challenge) was found to be one-way SV₄₀ specific in that chemically induced, non SV₄₀, MCA tumor failed to elicit a DTH response in mice primed by excision of mKSA tumor.These mice also showed a corresponding one-way specific protection against challenge with live homologous mKSA sarcoma cells. In contrast immunization and challenge of MCA-excised mice with either MCA or mKSA tumor cells, exhibited cross-reactivity in both DTH response and protection against either tumor.Unlike this cross-immunity by the direct challenge method, transfer of immune spleen cells from mKSA or MCA excision-primed mice demonstrated a specific DTH response and protection to the original immunizing, homologous but not heterologous tumor. Tumor resistant, DTH-primed mice remained DTH reactive to the primary tumor cells over a period of 4 weeks. Characterization of the splenic T-DTH cells in mice primed by excision of mKSA tumor, indicated a Lyt 1⁺2⁺ phenotype of cells conferring both the DTH response and the immune protection against mKSA sarcoma in a local (Winn) adoptive transfer assay, thus reinforcing the correlation between the DTH response and the antitumor protection.