A contribution to the knowledge of the anostracan fauna of Iran

We report the finding of three anostracan species, Chirocephalus skorikowi Daday, 1913, Branchinecta orientalis Sars, 1901 and Branchinella spinosa. Milne-Edwards, 1840 in different localities in northwestern Iran. C. skorikowi was recorded in a lake at an elevation of 2400 m, whereas B. orientalis was found in a pond at 1280 m a.s.l. Co-existing B. spinosa and B. orientalis were collected in a pool close to the town of Tabriz, formerly indicated by Brehm (1954) as Estakr Chah, presently named EalGoli. Unlike Brehm (1954), we did not find Streptocephalus in the area of Tabriz.     

The taxonomy of the family Paramphistomidae Fischoeder, 1901 with special reference to the morphology of species occurring in ruminants. III. Revision of the genus Calicophoron Näsmark, 1937

Summary The genus Calicophoron N?smark, 1937 is redefined. Only the following species originally assigned by N?smark to the genus are considered valid: C. calicophorum (Fischoeder, 1901) N?smark, 1937 (type species); C. papillosum (Stiles & Goldberger, 1910) N?smark, 1937; and C. raja N?smark, 1937. The following species previously assigned to the genus Paramphistomum Fischoeder, 1901 are considered valid but moved to the genus Calicophoron N?smark, 1937 in new combinations: C. bothriophoron (Braun, 1892); C. microbothrium (Fischoeder, 1901); C. papilligerum (Stiles & Goldberger, 1910); C. clavula (N?smark, 1937); C. microbothrioides (Price & McIntosh, 1944); C. sukari (Dinnik, 1954); C. phillerouxi (Dinnik, 1961); C. daubneyi (Dinnik, 1962) and C. sukumum (Dinnik, 1964). The genus Bothriophoron (Stiles & Goldberger, 1910) Grétillat 1958 is synoymized with Calicophoron N?smark, 1937. Paramphistomum crassum Stiles & Goldberger, 1910, P. cauliorchis Stiles & Goldberger, 1910, P. ijimai Fukui, 1922, P. (Cauliorchis) skrjabini Popova, 1937, P. erschovi Davydova, 1959, Calicophoron orientalis Mukherjee, 1966, C. wuchengense Wang, 1979 and Cotylophoron skrjabini Mitskevich, 1958 in part are considered synonyms of Calicophoron calicophorum (Fischoeder, 1901) N?smark, 1937. C. zhejiangense Wang, 1979 is regarded a synonym of C. papillosum (Stiles & Goldberger, 1910) N?smark, 1937. P. vangrembergeni Van Strydonck, 1970 and P. togolense Albaret, Bayssade-Dufour, Guilhon, Kulo & Picot, 1978 are considered synonyms of Calicophoron phillerouxi (Dinnik, 1961) n. comb. and Ceylonocotyle petrovi Davydova, 1961 is synonymized with Calicophoron microbothrioides (Price & McIntosh, 1944) n. comb. The species considered valid under the genus are redescribed and illustrated and scanning electron photomicrographs of the tegumental surfaces of some species are provided. A key to the species is given. Part of a thesis approved by the University of London for the award of the Ph.D. degree.     

First record of the family Thamnocephalidae (Crustacea: Anostraca) from Southeast Asia and description of a new species of Branchinella

During a two-year investigation of freshwater microcrustaceans in Thailand, an undescribed species of fairy shrimp of the genus Branchinella Sayce, 1903 in the family Thamnocephalidae, was discovered. This is the first record of the genus and the family from Southeast Asia and the second anostracan reported from Thailand. The new species, Branchinella thailandensis n. sp. appears to be morphologically intermediate between B. kugenumaensis (Ishikawa, 1895) from Japan and east China, and B. madurai Raj, 1951 from India and Pakistan. B. thailandensis n. sp. was collected from several temporary ponds in 11 provinces of the northeast and the central Thailand, often co-occurring with Streptocephalus sirindhornae Sanoamuang, Murugan, Weekers & Dumont, 2000.     

The taxonomy of the family Paramphistomidae Fischoeder, 1901 with special reference to the morphology of species occurring in ruminants. V. Revision of the genus Cotylophoron Stiles & Goldberger, 1910

Summary Only seven species of the genus Cotylophoron Stiles & Goldberger, 1910 are considered valid, namely C. cotylophorum (Fischoeder, 1901) Stiles & Goldberger, 1910 (type species); C. jacksoni N?smark, 1937; C. fuelleborni N?smark, 1937; C. panamensis Price and McIntosh, 1953; C. bareilliensis Mukherjee & Chauhan, 1965; C. macrosphinctris Sey & Graber, 1979 and C. xiangjiangense Wang, 1979. These are redescribed and illustrated. Scanning electron photomicrographs of the tegumental surfaces of some species are provided. C. guangdongense Wang, 1979 is considered a synonym of C. cotylophorum (Fischoeder, 1901) Stiles & Goldberger 1910, and C. indicum of N?smark, 1937 (not of Stiles & Goldberger, 1910) and C. noveboracensis Price & McIntosh, 1953 are considered synonyms of C. fuelleborni N?smark, 1937. C. ottoi Gupta & Bakhshi in Gupta & Nakhasi, 1977 is regarded as a species inquirenda. A key to the species of the genus is given. Part of a thesis approved by the University of London for the award of the Ph.D degree.     

Review of Colombian Conchostraca (Crustacea) — morphotaxonomic aspects

This paper presents an overview of the current knowledge about species diversity and morphological taxonomy of the Colombian conchostracan fauna. Relationships among morphological variability, reproduction biology and environmental conditions are stressed. The Colombian fauna includes 12 species in five families: Limnadiidae Sars, 1896; Leptestheriidae Daday, 1915; Cyclestheriidae G. O. Sars, 1899; Metalimnadiidae Strakraba, 1965; and Lynceidae Stebbing, 1902. No member of the families, Cyzicidae Stebbing, 1910, or Imnadiidae Botnariuc & Orghidan 1941 have been found in Columbia. Morphology depends on developmental stage and on the modulating effects of environmental conditions. Extremely high temperatures may lead to specimens with neotenic features inEulimnadia magdalenensis Roessler, 1990.     

The taxonomy of the family Paramphistomidae Fischoeder, 1901 with special reference to the morphology of species occurring in ruminants. II. Revision of the genus Paramphistomum Fischoeder, 1901

Summary The genus Paramphistomum Fischoeder, 1901 is redefined and restricted and only the following species are retained and considered valid: P. cervi (Zeder, 1790) (type species); P. liorchis Fischoeder, 1901; P. gracile Fischoeder, 1901 P. epiclitum Fischoeder, 1904; P. gotoi Fukui, 1922, P. ichikawai Fukui, 1922; P. leydeni Näsmark, 1937 and P. hiberniae Willmott, 1950. These are redescribed and illustrated. A new species, Paramphistomum cephalophi is described and illustrated from the black-fronted duiker (Cephalophus nigrifrons) in Rwanda. It differs from the rest of the species in the genus by the presence of an anterior sphincter in the pharynx and the characteristic posterior notch of the acetabular rim. Scanning electron photomicrographs of the tegumental surfaces of the species in the genus are provided. Cotylophoron indicum Stiles & Goldberger, 1910 (=Paramphistomum thapari Price & McIntosh, 1953), C. madrasense Gupta, 1958, C. chauhani Gupta & Gupta, 1972, Paramphistomum indicum Stiles & Goldberger, 1910 (in part), P. malayi Lee & Lowe, 1971 and Srivastavaia indica Singh, 1970 are considered synonyms of Paramphistomum epiclitum Fischoeder, 1904. Paramphistomum indicum Stiles & Goldberger, 1910 (in part) and P. bombayiensis Gupta & Verma in Gupta & Nakhasi, 1977 are regarded as synonyms of Paramphistomum gracile Fischoeder, 1901. P. scotiae Willmott, 1950, P. julimarinorum Velázquez-Maldonado, 1976, P. nicabrasilorum Velázquez- Maldonado, 1976, P. procapri Wang, 1979 and Cotylophoron skrjabini Mitskevich, 1958 are considered synonyms of Paramphistomum leydeni Näsmark, 1937. Cotylophoron vigisi Davydova, 1963 is considered synonymous with Paramphistomum ichikawai Fukui, 1922. Paramphistomum birmense Railliet, 1924, P. microon Railliet, 1924, P. chinensis Hsu, 1935 and P. pseudocuonum Wang, 1979 are regarded as species inquirendae.The genera Liorchis Velichko, 1966 and Srivastavaia Singh, 1970 are synonymized with Paramphistomum Fischoeder, 1901.A key to the species of the genus is provided.Part of a thesis approved by the University of London for the award of the Ph.D. degree.Part of a thesis approved by the University of London for the award of the Ph.D. degree.     

广东沿海的砂壳纤毛虫及3种国内新纪录

对广东沿海的砂壳纤毛虫进行了初步研究,涉及7属16种,其中3种确定为中国的新纪录:僧帽壳铃虫Codonella apicata Kofoid&Campbell,1929,陀螺形拟铃虫Tintinnopsis turbo Meunier,1919和膨胀细壳虫Stenosemella expansa Wailes,1925。另有3种为我国亚热带海域的新纪录:筒状拟铃虫Tintinnopsis tubu-losoides Meunier,1910,罗氏拟铃虫Tintinnopsis lohmanni(J rgensen,1927)Laackmann,1906和贪婪铃壳虫Codonella rapa Kofoid&Campbell,1929。其余10种为常见种:百系拟铃虫Tintinnopsis beroidea Stein,1867,尖底拟铃虫Tintinnopsis acuminata(Daday,1887)Kofoid et Campbell,1929,妥肯丁拟玲虫Tintinnopsis to-cantinensis Kofoid&Campbell,1929,筒状拟铃虫Tintinnopsis tubulosoides Meunier,1910,管状拟玲虫Tintinnopsis tublosa Levander,1900,长形拟铃虫Tintinnopsis clongata Daday,1887,罗氏拟铃虫Tintinnopsislohmanni(J rgensen,1927)Laackmann,1906,小领细壳虫Stenosemella parvicollis(Marshall,1934)Hada,1935,钟状网纹虫Favella campanula(Schmidt,1901)J rgensen,1924和贪婪铃壳虫Codonella rapa Kofoid&Camp-bell,1929。文章对其形态分类学做了简要描述。     

Contributions to the knowledge of the Cladocera of north-east Thailand

Examination of 200 samples from 93 freshwater habitats in north-eastThailand revealed 60 taxa of Cladocera, of which 31 are new to the Thaifauna. Six species (Disparalona caudata Smirnov; Leydigialaevis Gurney; Leydigiopsis sp.; Macrothrix flabelligeraSmirnov; Macrothrix cf. paulensis Sars; and Pseudosidaramosa Daday) are new to Asia. The majority of the Cladocera recorded arecircumtropical species. Comments and figures are presented on several ofthe new records for Asia and Thailand. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Descriptions of new edaphic and aquatic species of Chlorococcum Meneghini (Chlorococcales)

The re-examination of plankton samples taken from Lough Neagh in 1900 by West & West (1902, 1906) and in 1910 by Dakin & Latarche (1913) indicates that Stephanodiscus astraea had been wrongly identified as Coscinodiscus lacustris. The absence of C. lacustris from the lake sediments is consequently explained.     

The taxonomy of the family Paramphistomidae Fischoeder, 1901 with special reference to the morphology of species occurring in ruminants IV. Revision of the genusGigantocotyle Näsmark, 1937 and elevation of the subgenusExplanatum Fukui, 1929 to full generic status

Summary The genusGigantocotyle Näsmark, 1937 is redefined and restricted to contain four valid species, namely,G. gigantocotyle (Brandes in Otto, 1896) Näsmark, 1937 (type species);G. formosanum (Fukui, 1929) Näsmark, 1937;G. symmeri Näsmark, 1937 andG. duplicitestorum Näsmark, 1937.G. lerouxi Yeh, 1957 is regarded as a synonym ofG. symmeri Näsmark, 1937.The subgenusExplanatum Fukui, 1929 is redefined and raised to full generic rank to contain three valid species, namely,E. explanatum (Creplin, 1847) Fukui, 1929;E. bathycotyle (Fischoeder, 1901) Yamaguti, 1958 andE. anisocotylea (Faust, 1920) Yamaguti, 1958.Paramphistomum siamense Stiles & Goldberger, 1910 andP. fraternum Stiles & Goldberger, 1910 are considered synonyms ofExplanatum explanatum (Creplin, 1847) Fukui, 1929.The valid species are redescribed and illustrated and scanning electron microphotographs of the tegumental surfaces of some species are provided. A key to the species of each genus is given.Part of a thesis approved by the University of London for the award of the Ph.D. degree.Part of a thesis approved by the University of London for the award of the Ph.D. degree.     

Fine structure and function of ocelli and sagittocysts of acoel flatworms

We studied the taxonomy and distribution of the Conchostraca in Yugoslavia. A diverse fauna occurs in the country. However, the systematics of this group is still incomplete and has many problems. There is considerable variability of morphological characters. By a comparative-morphological analysis of the populations found, we re-evaluated the taxonomic significance of a series of structural characters, and offer comments on the results.In Yugoslavia four families were found: Cyzicidae Stebbing, 1910; Limnadiidae Burmeister, 1843; Imnadiidae Botnariuc & Orghidan, 1941 and Leptestheriidae Daday, 1923, with a present total of 8 species and 4 subspecies. Within the genus Imnadia Hertzog, 1935, three new species were found: Imnadia cristata Marinek, 1972; Imnadia banatica Marinek & Valvajter, 1982 and Imnadia panonica Marinek & Petrov, 1984. Within the genus Eoleptestheria Daday, 1923, the species Eoleptestheria spinosa Marinek, 1978, with four distinct subspecies was discovered.     

An analysis of the setation pattern of the limbs in Anostraca (Crustacea); using the Algerian species as an example

The implantation, number, and structure of the state on th endopodites and exopodites of the limbs, and the setulation of the endite I of all Anostracan species found in Algeria are analysed by light and scanning electron microscopy and graphically represented. The data disclose segnificant variation among the generaArtemia, Branchinella, Branchipus, Chirocephalus, Streptocephalus andTanymastigites, and between the related congenersStreptocephalus torvicornis andS. rubricaudatus.     

Anostracans in dark sections of Saudi Arabian caves

Anostracans were found living in ephemeral pools in the dark sections of three caves on the As Summan Plateau in Saudi Arabia. Branchipus schaefferi Fischer, 1834 occurred alone in one while it cohabited with Streptocephalus torvicornisbucheti Daday, 1910 in a second cave; fairy shrimps were observed but not collected from the third. None of the specimens demonstrated any of the types of morphological changes typically associated with cave adapted species. This is likely due to continuing colonization of the pools during flooding events. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

A review of the genus Parahemiurus Vaz & Pereira, 1930 (Digenea: Hemiuridae)

The genus Parahemiurus Vaz & Pereira, 1930 (syn.: Daniella Sahai & Srivastava, 1977) is defined, its major morphological characters discussed and a key to species given. The species P. merus (Linton, 1910) (syns: P. parahemiurus Vaz & Pereira, 1930, P. sardiniae Yamaguti, 1934, P. seriolae Yamaguti, 1934, P. platichthyi Lloyd, 1938, P. atherinae Yamaguti, 1938, P. harengulae Yamaguti, 1938, P. noblei King, 1962) and P. anchoviae Pereira & Vaz, 1930 are described. Other species recognized are P. clupeae Yamaguti, 1953, P. [originally Daniella] madrasensis (Sahai & Srivastava, 1977) n. comb. (syns: P. dussumieriai Hafeezullah, 1981, P. indicus Ahmad, 1981), P. ecuadori Manter, 1940, P. engraulisi Gupta & Jahan, 1977 (syns: P. cameroni Gupta & Ahmad, 1977, P. puriensis Ahmad, 1981, P. simhai Gupta & Gupta, 1978, P. tricanthusi Gupta & Puri, 1984) and P. yanamense Hafeezullah, 1980. Forms considered species inquirendae are P. arripidis Lebedev, 1971, P. clupeae of King (1964), P. dogieli Skrjabin & Guschanskaya, 1953, P. pseudosciaenae Shen, 1985 and P. trachichthodi Lebedev, 1968. Host and locality information is given in detail for all species. The complete life-cycle is not known, but metacercariae are reported in chaetognaths and teleosts. The definitive hosts of Parahemiurus spp. most frequently reported belong in the families Clupeidae and Carangidae and the genus is most commonly reported in temperate and subtropical waters.     

Some littoral anomopods (Crustacea) from Central Amazonia

Samples collected in Central Amazonia contained 16 species of Chydoridae, 4 species of Macrothricidae and 1 species of Ilyocryptidae. A new chydorid,Celsinotum laticaudatum sp. nov. is described, clearly differing from Australian species of this genus. Variation ofAlona dentifera (Sars, 1901) is commented upon, as well as a peculiar specimen ofAlona.     

On the resurrection of the cladoceran species Chydorus reticulatus Daday, 1898 (Chydoridae,Cladocera) and its relationship to Chydorus ventricosus Daday, 1898

The chydorid species Chydorus reticulatus Daday, 1898 and Chydorus ventricosus Daday, 1898 are redescribed and literature records reevaluated on the basis of new material from India.Contribution 9 Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington. This study was supported in part by NSF Grant DEB76-20237 to D. G. Frey.     

Ecological studies on streptocephalus dichotomus baird

Summary Streptocephalus dichotomus occurs in a wide variety of shallow andThe maximum period during which these animals occur was 18Studies on both seasonal and day time variations of the physicoThe rate of increase in the population is more or less identical inThe length frequency distribution in the different ponds showsSex ratio does not appear to follow any definite pattern at anyFemales start to bear eggs when 1.7 cm long and the maximumTwo genera, Branchinella kugenumaensis and S. dichotomus were seenThis work formed a part of the thesis submitted for the award of the Degree of     

Dramatic phenotypic plasticity within species of Siphomutabilus n. g. (Digenea: Cryptogonimidae) from Indo-Pacific caesionines (Perciformes: Lutjanidae)

A survey of Indo-Pacific lutjanids of the subfamily Caesioninae revealed the presence of Siphodera gurukun Machida, 1910 and two new cryptogonimid taxa from off Heron and Lizard Islands on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia and Rasdhoo Atoll, Maldives. A combined morphological and genetic characterisation of these species shows that they form a clade distinct from the type-species of Siphodera Linton, 1910, S. vinaledwardsii (Linton, 1901), and warrants the proposal of a new genus. Here we propose Siphomutabilus n. g. and transfer Siphodera gurukun Machida, 1986 as the type-species, Siphomutabilus gurukun (Machida, 1986) n. comb. Siphodera aegyptensis Hassanine & Gibson, 2005 is transferred to Siphomutabilus as S. aegyptensis (Hassanine & Gibson, 2005) n. comb. based on morphological and ecological similarities. Siphomutabilus raritas n. sp. is described from Caesio cuning (Bloch) off Lizard Island and S. bitesticulatus n. sp. is described from Pterocaesio marri Schultz off Heron Island. The two new species are unique in that they have two testes, making their morphology broadly consistent with that of Metadena Linton, 1910, yet the molecular analyses conducted here indicates that they are unequivocally united with Siphomutabilus gurukun (which has multiple testes) to the exclusion of Metadena lutiani (Yamaguti, 1942), which was sequenced here. The dramatic phenotypic plasticity observed among such closely related species of Siphomutabilus suggests a secondary modification of what is generally considered a robust generic diagnostic character within this and other digenean families, highlighting the need for a combined morphological and molecular diagnostic approach when characterising these taxa. Siphodera Linton, 1910 is amended to include just two species, the type-species S. vinaledwardsii (Linton, 1901) Linton, 1910 and S. cirrhiti Yamaguti, 1970, which are distinguished by their lack of oral spines and multiple testes that are primarily extracaecal. Siphodera ghanensis Fischthal & Thomas, 1968 is considered a species incertae sedis here based on significant morphological and ecological differences compared with species of Siphodera and Siphomutabilus n. g.     

Redescription of Scapholeberis echinulata Sars 1903 (Crustacea,Cladocera)

Scapholeberis echinulata Sars is rediscribed, based on type material of Sars (S. echinulata), Daday (s. erinaceus) and the author's own samples. A differential diagnosis with Scapholeberis spinifera Nicolet and S. mucronata O. F. Müller, S. microcephala Sars, S. kingi Sars and S. aurita Fischer is given.