武汉东湖浮游动物对浮游细菌牧食力研究

利用３５μｍ、６４μｍ、９０μｍ和３６０μｍ等不同大小孔径的筛绢网过滤湖水进行了浮游动物对浮游细菌牧食力的研究。结果表明,东湖浮游地浮游细菌总滤过度为１８０．１９ｍｌ ｌ＾－１Ｈ％－１,摄食率为０．４０μｇＣｌ＾－１ｈ＾－１．９０μｍ以下的个体为原生动物和轮虫,它们组成了群落总生物量的７５％,其对细菌的牧食力占总牧食 力的４４．８％,大于３６０μｍ的浮游动物（主要是甲壳动物）的牧食力占总牧食力的３     

海水养虾池浮游动物对浮游植物牧食力的研究

利用常规显微镜直接计数法评估了海水养虾池浮游动物对浮游藻类的牧食力。测得虾池浮游动物对水柱浮游植物的总滤水率为８０．３８ｍｌ／（Ｌ·ｈ）,每个浮游动物的滤水率平均为１１．１３μｌ／（ｉｎｄ·ｈ）,总牧食率为１０．５０μｇ／（Ｌ·ｈ）,即１．２５ｎｇＣ／（ｉｎｄ·ｈ）。浮游动物对水柱原位主要浮游藻类的选食,以隐藻和舟形藻为最多,其次是扁藻和小环藻,６ｈ内对上述４种藻类的选食率分别为９２．６８％、７２．４６％、３６．２２％和３２．５６％,其相应的选择指数依次为０．７３３１、０．６７１７、０．４３４５和０．３９１３。对水柱总体而言,６ｈ内有３５．７２％的主要浮游藻类被选食了。     

海水养虾池浮游运行对浮游植物牧食力的研究

利用常规显微镜直接计数法评估了海水养虾池浮游动物对浮游藻类的牧食力,测得虾池浮游运行对水柱浮游植物的总滤水率为８０．３８ｍｌ／（Ｌ·ｈ）,每个浮游动物的滤水率平均为１１．１３μｌ（ｉｎｄ·ｈ）,总牧食率为１０．５０μｇ／（Ｌ·ｈ）,即１．２５ｎｇ℃／（ｉｎｄ·ｈ）、浮游动物对水柱原位主要浮游藻类的选食,、以隐菏和舟形藻为最多,其次是扁藻和小环藻,６ｈ内对上述４种藻类的选食率为９２．６８％、７２．４     

土壤干旱期间墨兰的水分生理变化

研究了盆栽墨兰〔Ｃｙｍｂｉｄｉｕｍｓｉｎｅｎｓｅ（Ａｎｄｒ．）Ｗｉｌｌｄ．］在不同土壤含水量情况下的水分生理变化。不同叶龄的叶片对于干旱反应不同,一年生叶比二年生叶敏感。在叶片含水量、叶片水势、叶绿素含量、蒸腾速率和气孔阻力等生理参数中,后两者对干旱反应最灵敏。所以,一年生幼叶的蒸滕速率和气孔阻力可作为指标去判断墨兰植株水分供应情况。墨兰在土壤持水力４４．２％时,相对透性较小,生长正常,一年生动叶的蒸腾速率和气孔阻力分别是３．３６μｇ·ｃｍ￣（－２）·ｓ￣（－１）和７．０８ｓ·ｃｍ￣（－１）;当土壤干旱,持水力降至２２．５％时,相对透性增大３９％,说明细胞已经受旱害,该时的蒸腾速率降至０．９５μｇ、ｃｍ￣（－２）·ｓ￣（－１）,气孔阻力升为２２．２５ｓ·ｃｍ￣（－１）。可以认为,墨兰的土壤临界水分是在土壤持水力４４％—２２％之间。     

微生物发酵合成L－缬氨酸－~（15）N

采用含有稳定同位素￣（１５）Ｎ－硫铵为主要氮源的专用发酵培养液配方和相应的工艺条件,在国内首次用微生物直接发酵研制成Ｌ－缬氨酸－￣（１５）Ｎ高丰度精制产品。产品￣（１５）Ｎ丰度９７．６８％,反比原料￣（１５）Ｎ－硫铵丰度下降０．５３％,Ｌ－缬氨酸－￣（１５）Ｎ产酸率最高达４％以上（未校正）。每克￣（１５）Ｎ－硫铵可得到１克以上的Ｌ－缬氨酸－￣（１５）Ｎ（分析值）。提取精制收率平均为８０－９０％（单程）,最高达到９５％以上（二次提取）。实际每克￣（１５）Ｎ－硫铵可得０．６克左右的Ｌ－缬氨酸－￣（１５）Ｎ精制产品。     

美国生物圈二号内生长在高CO2浓度下的10种植物气孔导率,蒸腾速率…

报道了美国生物圈二号内生长在高ＣＯ２浓度下（〉２２００μｍｏｌ．ｍｏｌ＾－１）４．５年后的５种热带雨林植物和５种荒漠植物气孔导率,蒸腾速率和水分利用效率的变化,结果表明,热带雨林植物在ＣＯ２浓度为３５０～４００μｍｏｌ．ｍｏｌ＾－１时的气孔导度,蒸腾速率和水分利用效率分别为：（１２７．４±６５．６）ｍｍｏｌ．ｍ＾－２．ｓ＾－１,（２．０４±０．６１）ｍｍｏｌ．ｍ＾－２．ｓ＾－１和（２．９０±０．５     

河口浮游动物生态学研究进展

综述了国内外有关河口浮游动物种类组成、时空分布、生物量及其环境影响因素等方面的若干研究进展。河口地区潮流、径流共存,是陆海相互作用的集中地带,环境因子复杂多变,生态环境敏感脆弱。因此,研究河口浮游动物群落结构的时空变化有助于更好地揭示近海生态系统的特征。河口水域重要的浮游动物有原生动物、轮虫、桡足类、糠虾、水母等。环境因素和人类的活动对浮游动物种类组成和时空分布具有重要影响,河口浮游动物群落结构变化主要受到食物、温度、盐度、动物摄食以及径流等因素的影响,盐度是决定浮游动物分布的关键性非生物因子。近年来的研究表明,微型浮游动物（原生动物,轮虫和无节幼体）在河口生态系统中占有重要地位,是微食物网和传统食物网连接的关键环节。浮游生物网是采集浮游动物样品的主要工具,对研究结果有重要影响,我国许多学者使用浅水Ⅰ型或Ⅱ型浮游生物网（网孔为507μm和169μm）采集样品,导致小型和微型浮游动物（如无节幼体）逃逸,研究结果被严重低估,而这些小型和微型浮游动物是幼鱼的重要开口饵料,因此合适的浮游生物网对于研究浮游动物极其重要。并对今后我国河口浮游动物生态学研究中值得关注的科学问题进行了探讨。     

盆神经和阴部神经传入在大鼠腰骶髓的相互作用

应用条件－检验刺激技术观察时间依赖性抑制现象是研究传入信息相互作用的方式之一。用１．５－３倍阈刺激强度的电脉冲交替刺激麻醉、麻痹的盆神经（Ｐｅ）和阴部神经（Ｐｕ）,以玻璃微电极在Ｌ６－Ｓ１节段脊髓背角会聚神经元上记录细胞外放电。条件输入可对深层（＞３００μｍ）单位的检验反应产生时间依赖性抑制效应,产生抑制的刺激间期为１－３６０ｍｓ,Ｐｅ为条件刺激时较长。浅层细胞（＜３００μｍ）发生抑制的间期为１－     

水库对投饵网箱养鱼的负荷力

本文用１８个１４．３ｍ￣３的围隔组成的围隔群,以鲤为材料,研究了水库对投饵网箱养鱼的负荷力。实验中观测了水温、透明度、ｐＨ值、溶氧、化学耗氧量、生化需氧量与非离子氨等环境因素的变化。结束时将这些变化与我国渔业水质标准相比较,查明该负荷力约为３０００ｋｇ·ｈａ￣（－１）,建议增加２５－３５％的安全储备,以最大载鱼量１８００－２３００ｋｇ·ｈａ￣（－１）作为推荐值。     

福建秋茄红树林碳氢氮素的动态研究

本文主要探讨了福建九龙江口２０ａ生人工秋茄红树群落Ｃ、Ｈ、Ｎ素的含量、贮备及年动态。结果表明：（１）秋茄植物体不同组分Ｃ、Ｈ、Ｎ素含量有一定差异,含量范围分别为：Ｃ４３．８１％─５１．２２％、Ｈ４．５０％─５．６８％、Ｎ０．２３％─１．８０％,组分间差异程度顺序为Ｃ＜Ｈ＜Ｎ。原子数率为Ｃ（１）Ｈ（１．１１─１．４８）Ｎ（０．００４─０．０３４）。（２）群落Ｃ、Ｈ、Ｎ素现存总库量分别为７４５７．５３ｇ／ｍ￣２、８３７．４８ｇ／ｍ￣２和７３．６１ｇ／ｍ￣２,其中地上部分别占５９．３１％、５８．４０％和５９．５４％,地下部分别占４０．６９％、４１．６０％和４０．４６％。（３）群落年净固定Ｃ素、结合Ｈ素和吸收Ｎ素分别为１１１３．４１ｇ／ｍ￣２、１２４．３７ｇ／ｍ￣２和１６．８３ｇ／ｍ￣２,其中用于群落自身增长而存留的分别为６８４．８８ｇ／ｍ￣２、７７．１５ｇ／ｍ￣２和６．６５ｇ／ｍ￣２,经凋落物年输出的分别为４２８．５３ｇ／ｍ￣２、４７．２２ｇ／ｍ￣２和１０．１８ｇ／ｍ￣２。（４）群落年能量净固定量为４３５４４ｋＪ／ｍ￣２,年Ｏ＿２净释放量为２９６９ｇ／ｍ￣２。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.