中国实蝇记述Ⅰ.

实蝇科是双翅目内的一个大科,世界各地除两极外均有记载,目前全球已知种类约二千,中国有记录者约三百七十余种。 本科蝇类都是植食性昆虫,但亦有少数成虫,吸食其它昆虫(如介壳虫)所分泌的汁液。幼虫概为潜食性,为害植物各部,从根、茎、叶、花以至於果实,均可为其寄生对象。由於这种习性,实蝇科内含有很多的作物害虫,尤其是为害     

RESPONSE TESTS OF CONE FLIES (STROBILOMYIA SPP.) TO DAHURIAN LARCH CONE VOLATILES1)

Abstract Several main monoterpenes and their combinations from Dahurian larch (Larix gmelinii Rupr.) cones were used as odor sources in olfactory experiment to test the responses of larch cone flies (Strobilomyia spp.) in 1998. The results revealed that blend of α -pinene, β -pinene, laurene and β -ocimene in a ratio close to its volatile profile of damaged cones achieved the best response while certain odors showed repellent tendency to cone flies. Field spraying Dahurian larch cones with some of its volatile components had mixed results but support the olfactory testing results. The role of monoterpenes in cone fly host location and oviposition in terms of attractive signals or repellent is discussed.     

试用聚类方法探讨中国雪雀的分类地位

应用聚类方法对雪雀属、种及部分亚种的分类地位进行初步探索,选取一定的数量性状,取平均值组成原始数据矩阵。原始数据矩阵再进一步标准化,然后应用距离系数和相关系数进行聚类分析。比较了数量性状的聚类结果与传统的形态特征分类之间的异同,并探讨了雪雀属种级分类单元的亲缘关系和分类地位。     

上海常见蝇类幼虫小志

本文用检索表的方式报告了采自上海的50多种与人类杂处的常见蝇类和其他双翅类的幼虫鉴别特征;其中34种(内3种非上海产)有种的鉴别特征,其余的有些仅鉴别到属、亚科或科。对过去还未见记载的元厕蝇和斑跖黑蝇的幼虫、以及绯胫纹蝇和突额家蝇的蛹的形态,文内作了必要的描述。从绯胫纹蝇的口咽器和卵的形态看来,纹蝇属是与棘花蝇类很近缘的。     

蝇类精子超微形态研究:麻眼尾蛆蝇

用电子显微镜观察了双翅目,无缝组,食蚜蝇科麻眼尾蛆蝇成熟精子的超微构造。麻眼尾蛆蝇的精子与果蝇的精子基本相似,呈线形,由头部和尾部组成,全长500—600微米。头部呈圆锥型,前端为单层结构的顶体,呈楔形插到核的侧面与核拼接。精子的尾部在头的后方,前粗后细,长500余微米。精子尾部内的微管排列为9+9+2的典型昆虫型。头部与尾部相接之处称为颈部,组合情况颇为复杂。本种精子尾的轴丝不直接与核相接,而是轴丝串联着基体(中心粒衍生物)隔着一层中心粒侧体与核相接。这种间接连接现象在果蝇未成熟的精子中可以见到,当精子成熟时中心粒侧体即行消失,核就直接与串联着基体的轴丝直接相接。麻眼尾蛆蝇成熟精子具有其他蝇类未成熟精子的性状,故可认为麻眼尾蛆蝇在蝇类系统发生中的地位较原始。     

金丝猴分类及系统发育关系

本文对金丝猴的99项形态学特征的研究结果表明:川、滇、黔金丝猴应为三个独立的种;根据我国的地质变迁推测,川、滇金丝猴间分离最早,其次是川、黔金丝猴,最后是滇、黔金丝猴;由于特殊的生态环境,滇金丝猴是属中进化较完善者,而黔金丝猴是最原始者;至于分布在阿萨姆和上缅甸的金丝猴,如果存在,很可能是一个新种或属于滇金丝猴的一个新亚种。     

草鱼种无机盐需要量之研究

应用正交法设计进行了三批草鱼种对钙、磷、镁、铁等无机盐元素需要量饲养试验.在此基础上又设计进行了两批以三池平行为一组的鉴别试验.经数理统计分析,获得了草鱼种饲料适宜混合无机盐含量,草鱼种对钙、磷等13种无机盐元素的适宜需要量,以及适宜比例.取得了比哈尔佛Halver氏鱼类营养盐(美国药典U.S.P.Ⅻ.No.2营养盐加哈尔佛微量元素)更适于草鱼种生长需要的新型混合无机盐.试验表明,对草鱼种生长影响比较大的无机盐元素是钙、磷、铁、硫、镁和钴.适宜的混合无机盐对草鱼种生长具有显著的促进作用,不适宜的混合无机盐或缺乏无机盐则草鱼种食欲差,生长缓慢,蛋白质效率低,出现营养缺乏症状.草鱼种对无机盐的需要表明,它不同于已有报道的大鳞大马哈鱼、斑点叉尾鮰、虹鳟、鲤、红海鲷、日本鳗、溪红点鲑,以及非鲫等.所作鱼体背肌、脊柱和血液的生化成分分析表明,第四、五批试验所养草鱼种与常规用草饲养的草鱼种基本一致.       

NOTES ON THE BEHAVIOUR OF THE MOCKING CHAT THAMNOLAEA CINNAMOMEIVENTRIS (LAFR.) IN WESTERN TRANSVAAL

Martin, A. P. &; Baird, D. 1987. Seasonal abundance and distribution of birds on the Swartkops estuary, Port Elizabeth. Ostrich 58:122-134. Counts of estuarine birds were made on the Swartkops estuary, Port Elizabeth, between September 1983 and August 1985. Seasonal variations in the numbers of both migrant and resident species were investigated; in the austral summer, over 4000 birds were recorded, whereas in winter, fewer than 1200 birds were counted. Five species made up 74% of the total number of birds: Kelp Gulls Larus dominicanus (21%), Grey Plovers Pluvialis squatarola (21%), Whimbrels Numenius phaeopus (12%), Common Terns Sterna hirundo (10%) and Curlew Sandpipers Calidris ferruginea (10%). The majority of birds (92%) were recorded on the intertidal mud and sand, and a positive correlation was found between bird density and the biomass of a major prey species, Upogebia africana. The avifauna of the estuary has changed considerably since the beginning or this century, probably reflecting long-term trends in the bird populations.     

GROWTH AND NUTRITION OF TIMOTHY (PHLEUM PRATENSE L.)

During the first year of growth of timothy, variations in nitrogen supply affected the number of tillers and leaves, leaf area and dry weight, but had little influence on relative growth and net assimilation rates, except at very low levels of nitrogen. Differentiation and ear emergence occurred slightly earlier at high nitrogen and ear length was increased; there was also an increase in the proportion of fertile tillers among the total number produced after the first few weeks of tillering. The effect of nitrogen supply on the number, dry weight and ear length of early primary tillers was small but became larger in later tillers. Irrespective of the level of nitrogen supply, tillers had particularly high net assimilation rates during the first few weeks following their appearance.     

福州地区蝇类调查报告

福州地区的蝇类,最近陈桂光氏(1957)在市区作了初步调查,发现蝇类有13属18种,并报告了蝇类在不同捕集场所的分布与季节消长情况。可是对这个地区的广大郊区的蝇类情况还不了解,为了今后做好“除害灭病”工作,我们进一步在1957年1月至1958年3月间对福州的市区、郊区的蝇类的种别、季节消长、成蝇活动场所、滋生地及冬季活动情况等作了调查。现将结果扼要报导如下,以供灭蝇工作的参考。     

落叶松球果苍蝇对兴安落叶松球果挥发性物质的反应(英文)

兴安落叶松球果挥发性物质中主要为单萜类物质,１９９８年用几种主要的单萜类物质为气味源,利用四臂嗅觉仪对落叶松球果花蝇进行了嗅觉反应试验。结果表明,根据被害球果挥发性物质的自然比例配制的α－蒎烯、β－蒎烯、月桂烯、罗勒烯等４种物质的混合液对球果花蝇表现为诱引作用,而球果花蝇对其它某些气味物质表现为忘避反应。挥发性物质的林间喷洒试验结果与嗅觉反应试验结果一致。讨论了单萜类物质在球果花蝇对寄主定位和产卵过程中的诱引或驱避作用。