赖草属七个种同工酶研究

用聚丙酰胺凝胶电泳法对赖草属７个种的幼根、幼叶进行了酯酶、过氧化物酶同工酶分析,结果表明：无论从相同器官进行不同的同工酶分析,还是从不同器官进行相同的同工酶分析,这７个种的酶谱在各带区存在相似酶带,但更多的是相异酶带。从酯酶、过氧化物酶这两种酶分析结果来看,酯酶比过氧化物酶分离效果好些;从幼根和幼叶这两个器官的酶谱来看,幼根比幼叶酶带多些,分离效果也好些。同时也表明这７个种的酶谱变化与染色体倍性变化无关     

蓟属两种植物的染色体研究

本文对蓟属（Ｃｉｒｓｉｕｍ）的两个形态相似的近缘种大刺儿菜和小刺儿菜进行了染色体研究,其中后者为首次报道。观察结果表明：两个种的染色体数目均为２ｎ＝２ｘ＝３４：它们的核型是：大刺儿菜．２ｎ＝２ｘ＝３４＝２０ｍ＋１２ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ：小刺儿菜．２ｎ＝２ｘ＝３４＝２２ｍ＋１０ｋｍ（２ＳＡＴ）＋２ｓｔ。通过核型比较,认为它们是两个独立的种．而且后者比前者进化。     

大刺儿菜和小刺儿菜的植物化学分类学研究

大刺儿菜和小刺儿菜是形态相似的两个近缘类群,其分类学地位一直存在争论,的有学者把它们归并为一个种。本文通过对其叶的黄酮类化合物层析谱进行比较研究,结果表明两个类群都显示出各自的特征斑点;结合其形态学特征,支持将它们作为两个独立的种。     

刺儿菜复合体的形态学研究

本文对不同产地,不同居群的全国２００份刺儿菜复合体标本的若干性状选用Ｅ．Ａｎｄｅｒｓｏｎ的形象化散点图和柱状图方法进行研究分析,认为将大刺儿菜与小刺儿菜分为独立的种是合理的。     

毛木耳种质资源的酯酶同工酶分析

采用垂直平板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术对毛木耳56个菌株酯酶同工酶的酶谱多样性进行了研究。结果表明,56份材料有一定的遗传变异,共检测到迁移率不同的10条谱带,各菌株分别具有1~6条酶带,共有26种酶谱类型。菌株被分成了8大群:第一群包括黄耳zh等34个菌株;第二群包括白背木耳等8个菌株;第三、第四群分别为黑木耳和915两个单独的菌株;第五群包括99等4个菌株;第六群包括43等4个菌株;第七群包括50385和AP067两个菌株;第八群包括小上3和杂交34两个菌株。酯酶同工酶分析技术是鉴别种及品种以下菌株的有效手段。     

同工酶研究在嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌分类中的应用

嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌是一个尚未被严格定义的种,它几乎包括芽孢杆菌属内所有能在65℃以上生长的细菌。用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳的方法对151株嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌的9种酶(G6PDH、LDH、MDH、IDH、AlaDH、LeuDH、过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶、酯酶)的酶谱进行测定分析。根据其酶谱的差异,可将151株菌株分成两个类型。两型之间8个酶的13或14个基因产物的相异度约为91.8％,两型间的标准遗传距离是2.55。因此这两种类型的细菌也许可以被看作为两个不同的种。     

番茄属(Lycopersicon)四个种的过氧化物酶同工酶分析

本文报告了应用连续浓度梯度聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对番茄属Lyco-persicon的四个种:秘鲁番茄L.peruviaunm Mill.,多毛番茄L.hirsutum Humb.et Bonp,醋栗番茄L.pimpinellifolium(Jusl)Mill和普通番茄L.esculentum Mill.的86份材料,15个不同生育时期,不同器官以及同一器官的不同部位的过氧化物酶同工酶的分析结果。结果表明:L.Peruvianum的各个生育期和不同器官的过氧化物酶同工酶谱带叠加共有28条带,L.hirsutum有29条带,L.pimpinellifolium有28条带,L.esculentum有27条带。种间过氧化物酶同工酶谱型差异明显,种内不同生育期叠加总酶谱基本一致。在根、茎和叶中,这四个种的过氧化物酶同工酶酶谱和活性具有相似的生育期变化规律和器官分布规律.在果实发育过程中,种间过氧化物酶同工酶酶谱、活性及变化律规都不相同。本文还就同工酶谱型相似值的意义,野生资源及同工酶分析技术在番茄育种中的应用等问题进行了讨论。     

蜡梅17个品种过氧化物同工酶的研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳系统,多次进行了蜡梅17个品种的过氧化物同工酶测定。测定结果发现:蜡梅酶谱具有多态特性;蜡梅品种间酶谱差异显著,每个品种均有其特征酶谱,或以其酶带数目、Ff及活性强弱、酶带宽度与其它品种相区别。同时,采用"排序方法"和聚类分析,对蜡酶17个品种酶谱的相似程度进行了研究。研究结果表明,两种方法研究蜡梅品种的酶谱,均可达到定量比较水平,避免单一酶谱谱带确定蜡梅品种的偏阳性,为其品种鉴定与检验提供了新的依据和手段。同时,还表明,聚类分析进行的蜡梅品种酶谱聚类结果,与其形态分类相一致,但与其品种群划分不相吻合,其原因可能与蜡梅品种起源的复杂性和多源性所引起。     

胞外漆酶同工酶谱及其在食用菌育种中的应用——Ⅰ.黑木耳及光帽鳞伞不同菌株的鉴别

利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶等电聚焦圆盘电泳,分析比较了黑木耳(Auricularia auricula)16个菌株和光帽鳞伞(Pholiota nameko)9个菌株的胞外漆酶同工酶酶谱。经多批次重复,得到了所有菌株的恒定酶谱。依照这些酶谱及各酶带等电点(pI)值的不同,确立了它们的漆酶标志位点相似系谱。16株黑木耳被区分成4种类型9个组。9株光帽鳞伞被分成两种类型3个组,但各组内之菌株间仍有异同。试验结果表明,把漆酶同工酶谱应用于菌株鉴别将是一种有意义的方法。     

天麻3种变型过氧化物酶的同工酶研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（PAGE）对天麻3种变型的过氧化物酶（POD）的同工酶进行了研究。结果表明,天麻3种变型的过氧化物酶的同工酶活性不同,酶谱条带数在5～7条之间,且具有特征谱带。其中乌天麻和红天麻的酶谱条带数相同,两者的酶谱条带数均多于绿天麻;绿天麻、乌天麻和红天麻的酶谱条数依次分别为5条、7条和7条;其中基本酶带有5条,Rf值分别为0．06、0．24、0．83,0．89、0．98;乌天麻与红天麻的相似度指数为0．86,说明这两个种亲缘关系近;乌天麻与绿天麻的相似度指数为0．71,反映它们之间的亲缘关系相对较远。     

四种野菜硝酸盐,亚硝酸盐及维生素C的含量

四种野菜硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐及维生素Ｃ的含量邱贺媛（唐山师范专科学校化学系,唐山０６３０００）Ｔｈｅｃｏｎｔｅｎｔｓｏｆｎｉｔｒａｔｅ,ｎｉｔｒｉｔｅａｎｄｖｉｔａｍｉｎＣｏｆｆｏｕｒｅｄｉｂｌｅｗｉｌｄｖｅｇｅｔａｂｌｅｓＱｉｕＨｅ－Ｙｕａｎ（Ｃｈｅｍ...     

An NADPH and FAD dependent enzyme catalyzes hydroxylation of flavonoids in position 8

Yellow flavonols contribute to flower pigmentation in Asteraceae. In contrast to common flavonols, they show additional hydroxyl groups in position 6 and/or 8 of the aromatic A-ring in addition to the basic 5,7-hydroxylation pattern. An enzyme introducing a hydroxyl group in position 8 of flavonols and flavones was demonstrated for the first time with enzyme preparations from petals of Chrysanthemum segetum. Flavanones, dihydroflavonols and glucosylated flavonols and flavones were not accepted as substrates. The enzyme was localized in the microsomal fraction and uses NADPH and FAD as cofactors. Experiments with carbon monoxide/blue light and with antibodies specific for cytochrome P450 reductase did not indicate the involvement of a classical cytochrome P450 dependent monooxygenase in the reaction. Thus, the flavonoid 8-hydroxylase represents a novel type of hydroxylating enzyme in the flavonoid pathway. Apart from flavonoid 8-hydroxylase activity, the presence of all enzymes involved in the formation of flavonoid 7-O-glucosides in C. segetum was demonstrated. The pathway leading to 8-hydroxyflavonoids in C. segetum has been derived from enzyme activities and substrate specificities observed.     

Chemical Composition and Recrystallization of Epicuticular Waxes: Coiled Rodlets and Tubules

Abstract: Coiled rodlets characterize several non-related taxa within the angiosperms. They often occur together with tubules but sometimes also with platelets or transitional forms between them. The ultrastructure chemistry, and recrystallization of epicuticular waxes of three species were investigated by high-resolution scanning electron microscopy, gas chromatography, and mass spectrometry. Whereas Buxus sempervirens (Buxaceae) and Chrysanthemum segetum (Asteraceae) show coiled rodlets in combination with tubules, Leymus arenarius (Poaceae) exhibits tubules but no coiled rodlets. Chemical analyses reveal that the predominating β-diketones of all species differ completely in their molecular structure. Those of the former two species are mainly substituted in carbon atom positions up to 12. In contrast, the wax of L. arenarius contains only hentriacontane-14,16-dione and 25-hydroxy-hentriacontane-14,16-dione. Standard solutions of the total waxes from B. sempervirens, C. segetum and L. arenarius, the purified β-diketone fraction from C. segetum and hentriacontane-14,16-dione from Secale cereale were taken for recrystallization experiments under different conditions in relation to solvent and crystallization velocity. It was demonstrated that coiled rodlets grew exclusively from total waxes of B. sempervirens and C. segetum, and its β-diketone fraction but never from L. arenarius wax or pure hentriacontane-14,16-dione. The recrystallization experiments pointed out that conditions, such as the chemical environment and physical factors, strongly influence the formation of coiled rodlets and tubules. It is concluded that coiled rodlets are formed by self-assembly in close dependence on the position of β-diketo substitution. The future role of β-diketones in the classification of coiled rodlets within wax crystals is discussed.     

茼蒿精油的拒食活性和化学组分

茼蒿(chrysanthemum segetum L.)精油显示对小菜粉蝶幼虫(Pieris Rapae L.)有拒食活住,籍助于色谱-质谱和色谱-红外光谱技术,对精油中的有效馏份进行了分析,鉴出了包括芳樟醇,丁香酚,苯酚,对-甲苯酚等化合物。     

The taxonomy and biology of Stenosiphonium Nees (Acanthaceae)

A taxonomic revision of Stenosiphonium Nees is provided. Morphological variation within the genus is documented, the relationship between Stenosiphonium and Strobilanthes Blume is discussed, and problems of species delimitation are resolved. Three species are recognized. Stenosiphonium cordifolium (Vahl) Alston is morphologically variable and is widespread throughout peninsular India and Sri Lanka. S. setosum T. Anderson and S. wightii Bremek. are restricted endemics from the southern Western Ghats, each known from very few herbarium collections. Both S. setosum and S.wightii are recognized as rare in accordance with IUCN criteria. There is evidence to suggest that all three species of Stenosiphonium are plietesial which may explain the paucity of herbarium collections of both S. setosum and S. wightii. The implications of a plietesial lie history strategy for the assessment of the conservation status of these species is considered.     

Differentiation of Cirsium japonicum and C. setosum by TLC and HPLC-MS

The Chinese Pharmacopoeia indicates the use of field thistle (Cirsium setosum) and Japanese field thistle (C. japonicum) in the treatment of bleeding and inflammation. In the absence of an analytical method for the differentiation and analysis of these two species, TLC and HPLC-MS methods have been developed for this purpose. Both species could be readily distinguished by their flavonoid pattern as revealed by TLC on silica gel layers eluted with ethyl acetate:formic acid:acetic acid:water. The quantitative determination of four flavonoids, namely hispidulin-7-neohesperidoside, linarin, pectolinarin and luteolin, was possible using HPLC. Their optimum separation was achieved on a C12 column eluted with water and 0.025% trifluoroacetic acid in acetonitrile. HPLC-MS experiments were performed to confirm peak identity. In samples of C. japonicum, pectolinarin was the major flavonoid (0.32-2.00%), followed by linarin, hispidulin-7-neohesperidoside and luteolin; the total flavonoid content varied from 0.81 to 3.67%. In C. setosum only one flavonoid (linarin; 1.36-2.83%) was assignable. The HPLC method was validated for linearity, limit of detection (< or = 1.7 ng on-column), peak purity, repeatability (< or = 2.3%) and accuracy (recovery rates of spiked samples were between 99.2 and 101.6%).     

Comparative study on the susceptibility of cutworms (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Agrotis segetum nucleopolyhedrovirus and Agrotis ipsilon nucleopolyhedrovirus

The common cutworm (Agrotis segetum) and the black cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon) are serious soil pests of many vegetable and field crops all over the world. We have demonstrated the cross-infectivity of two baculoviruses, A. segetum nucleopolyhedrovirus (AgseNPV) and A. ipsilon nucleopolyhedrovirus (AgipNPV) for these two insect pests. The susceptibility of A. segetum to AgipNPV was confirmed by DNA restriction endonuclease analyses of DNA isolated from virus harvested from infected A. segetum larvae. For an initial comparison of both viruses, partial polyhedrin sequences were amplified by PCR, cloned, and sequenced. Both viruses shared a very similar polyhedrin gene sequence resulting in only three amino acid substitutions. Phylogenetic analyses clearly demonstrated that both viruses belong to NPV group II and are most closely related to a clade consisting of Spodoptera exigua NPV, Spodoptera frugiperda NPV, and Spodoptera littoralis NPV. Since AgipNPV shows high virulence for both cutworm species, it appears to be a suitable candidate as a single biological control agent of A. segetum and A. ipsilon.