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Background
Intravesical BCG immunotherapy is effective for preventing recurrence and progression in none muscle-invasive bladder cancer but the dosing schedule and duration of treatment remain empirical. The mechanisms by which intravesical BCG treatment mediates antitumor activity are currently poorly understood. 相似文献4.
The effects of killed and living BCG on antibody production against hamster erythrocytes (HRBC) and the 2, 4, 6-trinitrophenyl (TNP) group were studied in SL mice. Killed and living BCG, each in doses of 0.008 mg, 0.08 mg, 0.8 mg and 8 mg per mouse, were intravenously inoculated 7 days prior to primary immunization with HRBC. Secondary immunization was carried out 28 days later with TNP-HRBC. Anti-HRBC and anti-TNP antibodies were estimated by a hemagglutination test. The results showed that pretreatment with killed or living BCG enhanced the antibody production against both HRBC and TNP. Comparing the effects of these two BCG preparations, it was noted that killed BCG augmented the anti-HRBC antibody production more effectively than living BCG. In regard to the anti-TNP antibody production, living BCG exhibited a greater augmenting effect than killed BCG. This difference in the modes of action of killed and living BCG was remarkable when two groups given 8 mg of killed and living BCG were compared. In addition, it was shown that living BCG at a dose as high as 8 mg was able to augment the anti-TNP antibody production, even in the absence of preceding immunization with HRBC. 相似文献
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Effect of the method of preparation of bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine on the properties of four daughter strains 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
C Abou-Zeid G A Rook D E Minnikin J H Parlett T W Osborn J M Grange 《The Journal of applied bacteriology》1987,63(5):449-453
Samples of Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccines from four collaborating production laboratories, each of which had prepared vaccine from four different daughter strains of BCG, had previously been monitored for changes in colony morphology and the present study was undertaken to determine whether the changes observed were reflected in the patterns of protein secretion and lipid content. In the samples examined there was evidence for a correlation between colony morphology and the presence or absence of mycoside B. As the components of BCG that determine virulence and protective immunity are unknown, care must be taken to ensure constancy of the strains during the manufacture of vaccines. 相似文献
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Favorov M Ali M Tursunbayeva A Aitmagambetova I Kilgore P Ismailov S Chorba T 《PloS one》2012,7(3):e32567
Background
Except during a 1-year period when BCG vaccine was not routinely administered, annual coverage of infants with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) in Kazakhstan since 2002 has exceeded 95%. BCG preparations from different sources (Japan, Serbia, and Russia) or none were used exclusively in comparable 7-month time-frames, September through March, in 4 successive years beginning in 2002. Our objective was to assess relative effectiveness of BCG immunization.Methods/Findings
We compared outcomes of birth cohorts from the 4 time-frames retrospectively. Three cohorts received vaccine from one of three manufacturers exclusively, and one cohort was not vaccinated. Cohorts were followed for 3 years for notifications of clinical TB and of culture-confirmed TB, and for 21 months for TB meningitis notifications. Prevention effectiveness based on relative risk of TB incidence was calculated for each vaccinated cohort compared to the non-vaccinated cohort.Although there were differences in prevention effectiveness observed among the three BCG vaccines, all were protective. The Japanese vaccine (currently used in Kazakhstan), the Serbian vaccine, and the Russian vaccine respectively were 69%, 43%, and 22% effective with respect to clinical TB notifications, and 92%, 82%, and 51% effective with respect to culture confirmed TB. All three vaccines were >70% effective with respect to TB meningitis.Limitations
Potential limitations included considerations that 1) the methodology used was retrospective, 2) multiple risk factors could have varied between cohorts and affected prevention effectiveness measures, 3) most cases were clinically diagnosed, and TB culture-positive case numbers and TB meningitis case numbers were sparse, and 4) small variations in reported population TB burden could have affected relative risk of exposure for cohorts.Conclusions/Significance
All three BCG vaccines evaluated were protective against TB, and prevention effectiveness varied by manufacturer. When setting national immunization policy, consideration should be given to prevention effectiveness of BCG preparations. 相似文献7.
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Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination reduces the severity and progression of tuberculosis in badgers
Chambers MA Rogers F Delahay RJ Lesellier S Ashford R Dalley D Gowtage S Davé D Palmer S Brewer J Crawshaw T Clifton-Hadley R Carter S Cheeseman C Hanks C Murray A Palphramand K Pietravalle S Smith GC Tomlinson A Walker NJ Wilson GJ Corner LA Rushton SP Shirley MD Gettinby G McDonald RA Hewinson RG 《Proceedings. Biological sciences / The Royal Society》2011,278(1713):1913-1920
Control of bovine tuberculosis (TB) in cattle has proven particularly challenging where reservoirs of infection exist in wildlife populations. In Britain and Ireland, control is hampered by a reservoir of infection in Eurasian badgers (Meles meles). Badger culling has positive and negative effects on bovine TB in cattle and is difficult, costly and controversial. Here we show that Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination of captive badgers reduced the progression, severity and excretion of Mycobacterium bovis infection after experimental challenge. In a clinical field study, BCG vaccination of free-living badgers reduced the incidence of positive serological test results by 73.8 per cent. In common with other species, BCG did not appear to prevent infection of badgers subjected to experimental challenge, but did significantly reduce the overall disease burden. BCG vaccination of badgers could comprise an important component of a comprehensive programme of measures to control bovine TB in cattle. 相似文献
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Genetic polymorphisms in oxidative stress pathway genes may contribute to carcinogenesis, disease recurrence, treatment response, and clinical outcomes. We applied a pathway-based approach to determine the effects of multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within this pathway on clinical outcomes in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) patients treated with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). We genotyped 276 SNPs in 38 genes and evaluated their associations with clinical outcomes in 421 NMIBC patients. Twenty-eight SNPs were associated with recurrence in the BCG-treated group (P<0.05). Six SNPs, including five in NEIL2 gene from the overall and BCG group remained significantly associated with recurrence after multiple comparison adjustments (q<0.1). Cumulative unfavorable genotype analysis showed that the risk of recurrence increased with increasing number of unfavorable genotypes. In the analysis of risk factors associated with progression to disease, rs3890995 in UNG, remained significant after adjustment for multiple comparison (q<0.1). These results support the hypothesis that genetic variations in host oxidative stress genes in NMIBC patients may affect response to therapy with BCG. 相似文献
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V. P. M. G. Rutten W. R. Klein W. A. C. De Jong W. Misdorp P. A. Steerenberg W. H. De Jong W. Den Otter E. J. Ruitenberg 《Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII》1991,34(3):186-190
Summary Thirty cows of the Dutch Friesian and the Maas-Rijn-Ijssel breed with histologically confirmed ocular squamous cell carcinoma were treated by repeated intralesional injection of live bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) (n = 14) or a BCG cell-wall vaccine (n = 16). Complete regression of the primary tumour was observed in 64% and 57% of the animals respectively. In the 2-year follow-up period there was no recurrence of primary tumours. This sharply contrasts with the recurrence frequency (40%–50%) after complete remission induced by a single intralesional injection with BCG, observed in an earlier study. In 1 animal a new primary tumour developed. At necropsy metastases were present in 33% of the treated animals: in 3 of 17 animals that showed complete regression of the primary tumour and in 7 of 13 animals with partial regression or progressive disease. This did not differ significantly from results obtained after a single treatment (27%). Delayed-type hypersensitivity toM. bovis purified protein derivative (PPD) was more persistent in animals showing regression of the primary tumour than in non-responding animals. Of the animals with a positive PPD response 6 months after treatment, 79% showed tumour regression. Regression was observed in only 28% of the animals not responding to PPD after the same period of time. In conclusion: (a) recurrence of the primary tumour was not observed after repeated BCG treatment; (b) the frequency of metastases was not decreased compared to results obtained with a single treatment; (c) regression was correlated with a positive delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction to PPD (P <0.05) 6 months after treatment; (d) no significant differences were observed when the clinical results of treatment with live BCG and the BCG cell wall vaccine were compared. 相似文献
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Jing W Shuhan S Zhenlin H Fengjuan Z Yiling L 《Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences》2004,811(2):103-107
The goal of this study was to provide practical strategies for purifying genomic DNA fraction from Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG-DNA) by ion-exchange chromatography. A multistep process was developed to purify BCG-DNA. The process consisted of sonication, heating, trypsin digestion, ion-exchange chromatography, gel-filter chromatography, and lyophilization. After ion-exchange chromatography, BCG-DNA was highly purified and possessed potent biological effects. The methods described were efficient and had good reproducibility. Further, this was the first reported chromatography method to purify BCG-DNA. 相似文献
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Hiroaki Kurisu Hideyasu Matsuyama Yasukazu Ohmoto Tomoyuki Shimabukuro Katsusuke Naito 《Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII》1994,39(4):249-253
Intravesical instillation therapy of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is a useful modality for recurrent superficial transitional-cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder. The mechanism of BCG effect has not yet been well characterized. BCG was tested in vitro for cytokine-mediated antiproliferative activity against T24 and KK47 cells (cell lines established from human TCC of the urinary bladder), and ACHN cells (cell line established from human renal cell carcinoma) using a modified human tumor clonogenic assay. Continuous exposure of cells to BCG at concentrations of more than 5 g/ml in the presence of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) consisting of a mixture of 5×104 monocytes/dish and 5×105 lymphocytes/dish, obtained from healthy donors, significantly inhibited colony formation of T24 and ACHN cells in comparison with growth inhibition in the absence of PBMC (P<0.05). Slightly inhibited colony formation was observed with KK47 cells under the same conditions. At the same time various cytokines were measured in supernatants when BCG and the same conditioned PBMC were co-cultured. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) were detected at markedly high levels at 24 h, and interferon (IFN) was detected at 120 h. IL-2 and macrophage-colony-stimulating factor were not detected. Neutralizing anti-TNF monoclonal antibody significantly reduced the anti-proliferative activity of ACHN cells, and anti-IFN antibody reduced that of T24 cells. The results obtained suggest that cytokines mediated by BCG play an important role in the antitumor activity of BCG and that the sensitivity of bladder cancer cells to the cytokines induced by BCG may differ considerably. 相似文献
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The role of peritoneal macrophages induced by Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) in the induction of immune responses to Listeria monocytogenes was studied in mice. The peritoneal macrophages from mice treated with BCG 14 days previously contained a high proportion of Ia-bearing macrophages (approximately 56%) and the cells showed not only a high level of listericidal activity but also a strong ability for presentation of listerial antigen to Listeria-immune T cells. An intraperitoneal inoculation with a low dose of Listeria, which can induce the maximal level of delayed footpad reaction (DFR) and positive migration inhibitory activity of macrophages in untreated mice, did not induce a detectable level of such responses in BCG-treated mice. The bacterial growth at an early stage of infection was suppressed by scavenger macrophages in these mice. On the other hand, BCG-treated mice showed the early development of DFR and macrophage migration inhibitory activity after an inoculation with a high dose of Listeria. It is revealed in transfer experiments that Listeria-pulsed peritoneal exudate cells induced by BCG elicited the highest level of DFR and positive migration inhibition of macrophages in normal mice at the earlier period of injection compared with Listeria-pulsed resident peritoneal cells. These results suggested that the increased activities of macrophages acting as scavenger cells and as antigen-presenting cells play important roles in the modification of immune responses to Listeria in BCG-treated mice. 相似文献
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H. Barton Grossman Michael A O’Donnell Michael S Cookson Richard E Greenberg Thomas E Keane 《Reviews in urology》2008,10(4):281-289
In the United States, bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the treatment most used for superficial bladder cancer. Patients with carcinoma in situ (CIS) treated with intravesical BCG plus interferon have a 60% to 70% chance of a complete and durable response if they were never treated with BCG or if they failed only 1 prior induction or relapsed more than a year from induction. Intravesical gemcitabine is safe, but its usefulness for BCG-refractory patients is unclear. Valrubicin, approved for intravesical treatment of BCG-refractory CIS of the bladder, has efficacy and acceptable toxicity. Cystectomy should be considered in high-risk, non-muscle-invasive cancer, particularly if intravesical therapy failed.Key words: Bladder cancer, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin, Cystectomy, Gemcitabine, ValrubicinThe management of superficial bladder cancer requires a clear understanding of diagnostic, prognostic, and treatment parameters. Cystoscopy remains the gold standard for detection, but despite good visualization and resection, bladder cancers recur frequently. Because of this, a variety of drugs has been used intravesically. The most commonly used drug in the United States is bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), both with and without interferon and mitomycin. Adriamycin BCG BCG + interferon Epodyl Gemcitabine Interferon Mitomycin Thiotepa Valrubicin