Unusual osteolytic defects in ancient South Dakota skulls

Unusual osteolytic defects in eight skulls culled from over 4000 ancient South Dakota burials are presented, discussed briefly, and assigned to what we think is their most likely cause. Because these are collection skeletons, histological and microbiological and microbiological confirmation of interpretations concerning specific lesions are not possible. Corroboration of our opinions has been sought through radiographs and by expert consultation elsewhere. Although our opinions are interpretative and subject to rebuttal, they can serve as a base for future research if and when similar specimens are discovered elsewhere. In addition, these specimens are indicators of other than usual ancient skull pathology from a limited geographic area, representing people who lived there during a known time frame.     

Multiple myeloma mesenchymal stromal cells: Contribution to myeloma bone disease and therapeutics

Multiple myeloma is a hematological malignancy inwhich clonal plasma cells proliferate and accumulate within the bone marrow. The presence of osteolytic le-sions due to increased osteoclast(OC) activity and sup-pressed osteoblast(OB) function is characteristic of the disease. The bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells(MSCs) play a critical role in multiple myeloma patho-physiology, greatly promoting the growth, survival, drug resistance and migration of myeloma cells. Here, we specifically discuss on the relative contribution of MSCs to the pathophysiology of osteolytic lesions in light of the current knowledge of the biology of my-eloma bone disease(MBD), together with the reported genomic, functional and gene expression differences between MSCs derived from myeloma patients(pMSCs) and their healthy counterparts(dMSCs). Being MSCs the progenitors of OBs, pMSCs primarily contribute to the pathogenesis of MBD because of their reduced osteogenic potential consequence of multiple OB inhibi-tory factors and direct interactions with myeloma cells in the bone marrow. Importantly, pMSCs also readily contribute to MBD by promoting OC formation and ac-tivity at various levels(i.e., increasing RANKL to OPG expression, augmenting secretion of activin A, uncou-pling ephrinB2-EphB4 signaling, and through augment-ed production of Wnt5a), thus further contributing to OB/OC uncoupling in osteolytic lesions. In this review, we also look over main signaling pathways involved in the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs and/or OB activity, highlighting amenable therapeutic targets; in parallel, the reported activity of bone-anabolic agents(at preclinical or clinical stage) targeting those signaling pathways is commented.     

剪切波弹性成像在乳腺实性病变良恶性鉴别中的诊断价值

目的:探讨剪切波弹性成像在乳腺实性病变良恶性鉴别中的诊断价值。方法:收集2012年3月-2013年6月于我院收治的乳腺实性病变患者54例,共65个病灶,先后给予乳腺二维超声检查与剪切波弹性成像检查,采用弹性模量值与钼靶BI-RADS分级方法诊断,比较两种方法诊断的准确性。结果:良性病灶组弹性最小、最大值以及平均值、标准差与恶性病灶组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);ROC曲线分析显示,在乳腺实性病变良恶性的鉴别中,弹性最大值明显优于平弹性均值;剪切波弹性成像对乳腺实性病变良恶性鉴别的敏感度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值高于二维超声技术(P0.05)。结论:剪切波弹性成像在乳腺实性病变良恶性鉴别中具有良好的诊断价值,能够提高诊断的准确性。     

窄带成像内镜、染色内镜及常规内镜模式诊断结直肠增生性病变的应用价值比较研究

目的:探讨窄带成像内镜(NBI)、染色内镜及常规内镜模式鉴别诊断非肿瘤性、肿瘤性结直肠增生性病变的应用价值。方法:选择2017年2月至2019年3月西安市中心医院消化科收治的结直肠增生性病变患者,均行NBI、染色内镜、常规内镜检查。比较三种模式图像清晰度以及鉴别诊断非肿瘤性、肿瘤性结直肠增生性病变的效能。结果:NBI、染色内镜模式图像质量评分分布优于常规内镜(P<0.05),NBI图像质量评分分布优于染色内镜模式(P<0.05)。以病理结果为准,常规内镜结直肠增生性病变检出率73.13%,NBI 91.04%,染色内镜96.26%,NBI、染色内镜结直肠增生性病变检出率高于常规内镜(P<0.05),NBI、染色内镜比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。NBI模式下检测NBI分型与病理组织学结果一致性较好(kappa值=0.801,P<0.05)。NBI、染色内镜诊断肿瘤性结直肠增生性病变的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、准确度均明显高于常规内镜,染色内镜、NBI、常规内镜诊断肿瘤性结直肠增生性病变的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.844(95%CI:0.812~0.956)、0.921(95%CI:0.860~0.982)、0.750(95%CI:0.651~0.848)。结论:NBI、染色内镜在鉴别非肿瘤性和肿瘤性结直肠增生性病变方面效能相似,均优于常规内镜,NBI分型与病理组织学结果一致性高,更适合结直肠增生性病变的鉴别诊断。     

胃功能三项联合Hp抗体对胃癌及癌前病变的鉴别诊断价值

目的:探讨胃功能三项联合幽门螺杆菌(Hp)抗体对胃癌及癌前病变的鉴别诊断价值。方法:收集我院2014年5到2017年8月收治的胃癌患者34例(胃癌组)、癌前病变患者46例(癌前病变组),抽取研究对象空腹静脉血5 mL,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血清胃蛋白酶原-I(PG-I)、血清胃蛋白酶原-II(PG-II),并计算PG-I/PG-II(PGR)值,采用胶体金法或胶乳免疫比浊法检测HP抗体,比较两组胃功能三项及HP抗体阳性率差异,分析胃功能三项联合HP抗体鉴别诊断价值。结果:胃癌组血清PG-Ⅰ和PGR水平低于癌前病变组(P0.05),胃癌组与癌前病变组血清PG-Ⅱ水平、HP抗体阳性率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。胃癌组HP抗体阳性者和阴性者血清PG-Ⅰ、PG-Ⅱ、PGR水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),癌前病变组HP抗体阳性者血清PG-Ⅰ水平明显低于HP抗体阴性者,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。并联检查胃癌和癌前病变的准确度分别为67.6%(23/34)、43.5%(20/46),高于串联的14.7%(5/34)、6.5%(3/46),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:Hp感染可能导致PG-Ⅰ降低,具有癌前病变风险,再降低可能具有胃癌风险,临床上根据胃功能三项筛检早期胃癌并且辅助HP检测可早期诊断胃癌。     

多参数MRI对腺性膀胱炎与膀胱癌的鉴别及膀胱癌病理分期的诊断价值分析

摘要 目的：分析多参数磁共振成像（MRI）对腺性膀胱炎与膀胱癌的鉴别及膀胱癌病理分期的诊断价值。方法：选取2019年2月～2023年2月本院收治50例腺性膀胱炎和50例膀胱癌患者进行研究,均采用MRI多参数[高分辨率T2加权图像（HR T2WI）、弥散加权成像（DWI）、动态强磁共振成像（DCE-MRI）]检查,分析腺性膀胱炎与膀胱癌的HR T2WI、DWI、DCE-MRI信号强度;以病理检查结果为诊断金标准,分析MRI参数单一诊断和联合诊断膀胱癌的正确病理分期检出率,并采用Kappa系数分析MRI多参数单一和联合诊断膀胱癌病理结果的一致性,同时计算MRI参数联合诊断在膀胱癌病理分期的诊断效能。结果：与腺性膀胱炎比较,膀胱癌HR T2WI、DWI、DCE-MRI高强度占比较高（P＜0.05）。与HR T2WI、DCE-MRI比较,T2WI+DWI+DCE-MRI正确分期诊断率较高（P＜0.05）。T2WI+DWI+DCE-MRI诊断膀胱癌分期与病理结果一致性很强,Kappa值＞0.80。HR T2WI+DWI+DCE-MRI对膀胱癌T1分期诊断的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、诊断准确率分别为93.75%、94.44%、96.77%、89.47%、94.00%;T2分期分别为91.67%、94.74%、84.62%、97.30%、94.00%,T3分期分别为100.00%、93.48%、57.14%、100.00%、94.00%,T4分期分别为100.00%、93.75%、40.00%、100.00%、94.00%,≤T1 vs ≥T2分别为94.44%、93.75%、89.47%、96.77%、94.00,≤T2 vs ≥T3分别为100.00%、93.18%、66.67%、100.00%、94.00%。结论：MRI多参数信号强度可有效鉴别诊断腺性膀胱炎和膀胱癌,且多参数联合诊断可提升病理分期的诊断效能。     

3.0 T磁共振扩散加权成像在乳腺良恶性病变鉴别中的价值及较优b值下ADC值与预后因子相关性研究

摘要 目的：研究3.0 T磁共振扩散加权成像在乳腺良恶性病变鉴别中的价值及较优b值下ADC值与预后因子的相关性。方法：选取2017年11月～2019年11月于我院接受诊治的乳腺病变患者50例进行研究,将其按照良恶性差异分成恶性组40例与良性组10例,另取同期于我院体检的健康志愿者50例作为对照组。对所有人员均进行3.0 T磁共振扩散加权成像,比较不同b值下ADC值在不同乳腺组织中的差异,比较不同b值下诊断乳腺良恶性病变的效能,分析较优b值下ADC值和乳腺癌患者各项预后因子的相关性。结果：对照组、良性组、恶性组在不同b值下的ADC值均呈逐渐降低趋势（P＜0.05）;对照组、良性组、恶性组b值为1000 s/mm²下的ADC值均低于b值为600 s/mm²（P＜0.05）。b值为1000 s/mm²时诊断乳腺恶性病变的敏感度、特异度、准确度分别为92.50%、100.00%、94.00%,高于b值为600 s/mm²的70.00%、60.00%、68.00%（P＜0.05）。b值为1000 s/mm²下雌激素受体、孕激素受阳性患者的ADC值低于阴性患者,而人类表皮生长因子受体2阳性患者的ADC值高于阴性患者（P＜0.05）。经Spearman相关性分析可得,b值为1000 s/mm²下ADC值与雌激素受体、孕激素受体阳性表达均呈负相关关系,而与人类表皮生长因子受体2阳性表达呈正相关关系（P＜0.05）。结论：3.0 T磁共振扩散加权成像在乳腺良恶性病变鉴别中的价值较高,且以b值为1000 s/mm²的诊断能效较优。此外,b值下ADC值和乳腺癌部分预后因子表达状态密切相关。