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离子束介导甘蓝全DNA转化拟南芥菜的分子分析 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
30 keV的Ar+离子束在1.5×1017 ions/cm2的注入剂量下介导外源甘蓝全DNA导入模式植物拟南芥菜,在94株转化当代植株中,有6株表型产生变异。以其中的一株(T-5)作为研究对象,用80条10碱基随机引物对该株和其子代变异株基因组作随机扩增的多态性DNA分析,引物S176 在T-5和其变异子代T-5-2中扩增出了相同分子量的变异新条带T-5S176-620。T-5S176-620的碱基序列和拟南芥菜基因组序列进行同源比对,结果表明该片段不属于拟南芥菜基因组,Southern杂交实验证明该片段来自供体甘蓝基因组。但是,根据T-5S176-620序列设计的引物不能从甘蓝基因组中扩增出预期长度的DNA片段,结合离子束介导外源全DNA转化的特点和过程,探讨了其中可能的机制。 相似文献
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现在已经有一系列体细胞技术和分子技术来补充常规的植物育种技术。外源基因的引入和表达现在被用于:调整植物生理和发育的一些基本过程;向植物引入商业上重要的性状如抗虫、抗除草剂等,插入一些在体细胞杂交时有用的可选择的显性标记基因。一些DNA直接转移的技术已经建立,包括将DNA用化学法或电激法导入分离的原生质体中,及用注射和高速离子将DNA导入整个组织中。DNA直接转移法适用于稳定和瞬间基因表达研究,并且运用了各种各样的载体,包括那些用作基因克隆的载体。虽然用DNA直接转化法时稳定转化的频率相当低,但是它适用于那些对农杆菌转化无效的植物,尤其是单子叶植物。 相似文献
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鱼类遗传育种中生物学方法的应用及研究进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
鱼类遗传育种是指利用生物学方法对鱼类进行遗传选择或改造,从而获得新型改良鱼类的过程;它可以通过人为选择优势遗传性状或者通过整合或改变已有的遗传性状而达到遗传改良的目的.鱼类遗传育种是一个从稳定品系中筛选或研制变异品系,再从变异品系中培育稳定品系的循环过程.鱼类良种的培育成功将在很大程度上带动良种的饲养、加工、销售、休闲等后续产业的发展,这在渔业经济发展中具有重要意义.本文系统地总结了包括传统选择育种、分子标记辅助育种、全基因组选择育种和单性控制育种在内的选择育种技术,综述了杂交育种(近缘和远缘杂交)、细胞核移植、生殖干细胞和生殖细胞移植、人工雌核发育和雄核发育技术、多倍体育种在内的性状整合育种技术,以及以转基因育种为代表的性状改造育种技术,乃至这些育种技术在鱼类育种中的应用情况,同时结合本实验室在鱼类远缘杂交、雌核发育和雄核发育等染色体倍性育种方面的研究成果,对国内外鱼类育种的研究现状以及存在的问题进行了系统的概述. 相似文献
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不同离子剂量介导外源薄荷全DNA转化对拟南芥菜生长发育的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
在离子束介导外源全DNA转化中,外源DNA包含有供体的所有遗传信息,对受体的影响是多方面的,因此转化效果无法用统一的转化率来衡量,这也增加了转化过程中最佳转化条件的选择难度。本论文的主要工作是根据不同离子剂量介导外源全DNA转化的拟南芥菜在遗传和生理上的变化选择合适的转化剂量。剂量实验结果表明:拟南芥菜种子的剂量-存活率曲线为"马鞍型",在"鞍桥"上选择0.5×1017ions/cm2、1.5×1017ions/cm2和2.5×1017ions/cm2三个有代表性的剂量介导薄荷全DNA转化拟南芥菜,三个转化当代群体的出芽、成苗长势以及表型变异情况有明显的不同,综合分析表明:1.5×1017ions/cm2为离子束介导外源全DNA转化拟南芥菜的合适剂量。 相似文献
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限制性片段长度多态性(RFLPS)及其原因 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
DNA是绝大多数生物(RNA病毒除外)携带和传递遗传信息的复杂的生物聚合体。能被限制性核酸内切酶在特定的核苷酸顺序上切割,形成各种长度的DNA片段,通过电源能将这些片段分开。 生物个体间的差异,本质上是DNA水平上的差异。这是由于进化过程中染色体DNA上核苷酸顺序发生了改变,当这种改变涉及到限制性酶切位点时,酶切后产生的DNA片段长度 相似文献
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细胞融合与植物细胞质雄性不育性状改良 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
原生质体融合技术不仅可以实现核基因组的重组,而且可以实现胞质基因组的重组,为转移由线粒体DNA或叶绿体DNA控制的性状提供了一条捷径。本文综述了获得胞质杂种的方法及其原理,细胞融合在胞质转移及创造新的细胞质雄性不育(CMS)资源上的研究进展及其应用情况,以及CMS在有性后代中的遗传规律,探讨了此育种途径的优势及其在木本果树无籽育种上的应用。 相似文献
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分子标记及其在海洋动物遗传研究中的应用 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
分子遗传标记在农业动植物育种和生产上得到了广泛的应用,且取得了可喜的成果,但在水生生物上的应用还处于初始阶段。本文简要介绍了限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)、随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)、扩增片段长度多态性(AFLP)、小卫星DNA和微卫星DNA(或称简单序列重复,SSR)等分子标记的概念、基本原理及其特点,重点介绍了第三代分子标记单核苷酸多态性(SNP)技术。综述了这些分子标记在海洋动物遗传结构分析、亲缘关系鉴定、遗传图谱的构建和标记辅助育种等方面的应用。 相似文献
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离子束是指一束具有一定能量的质量数小于或等于4的带电离子束,离子束注入技术是生物物理技术,具有生理损伤小、突变谱广和突变频率高等特点。离子束与生物体的相互作用是我国具有独立知识产权的生物物理技术,我国科学家在上世纪80年代已经发现了离子束注入的生物效应,并将这一原理应用于植物诱变育种。本文主要概述了低能离子束注入对生物体的作用原理,以及该技术在植物育种、微生物品种改良和遗传改良上的应用,最后还小结了离子束注入技术在研究领域存在的问题并对其未来发展方向提出展望。 相似文献
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RFLP分子标记是用限制性酶(RE)消化不同个体的同源DNA分子,经电泳表现的限制性片段长度的差异。它反映了DNA分子水平上的变异,可能是限制性内切酶识别位点的改变,也可能是部分片段的缺失、插入、易位、倒位等,显示出丰富的多态性。本文综述了RFLP分子标记技术在牧草个体识别、绘制遗传图谱、目的基因定位、检测群体内或群体间序列差异程度以及辅助育种研究中的应用等,并对该技术在牧草研究中的应用作了展望。 相似文献
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Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis
It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis. 相似文献
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RICHARD E. NORRIS 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1991,106(1):1-40
Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera. 相似文献
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JOAN VALUÈS MONTSERRAT TORRELL NÚRIA GARCIA JACAS 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2001,137(4):399-407
Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted. 相似文献
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肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV
RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV
RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV
RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV
X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV
C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细 相似文献
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H.-R. GREGORIUS 《Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1984,23(2-3):157-165
For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment. 相似文献
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment. 相似文献