地衣芽孢杆菌产生碱性蛋白酶的动力学研究

应用自动控制发酵设备,首先进行分批发酵试验摸索了地衣芽孢杆菌2709生长与代谢的基本规律。然后采用补料分批发酵方法限制生长基质浓度,测定了一系列(S_I,μ_I)、(μ_j,q_pj)数据,获得K_S、μ_max、α、β等参数的值,并且推导出了细胞生长与产物合成的动力学公式,从而证明了用Monod方程描述地衣芽孢杆菌2709生长速率与基质浓度关系的合理性和合成碱性蛋白酶的发酵属于生长部分关联型。     

嗜线虫致病杆菌产生抗生素的培养基及条件*

本文对嗜线虫致病杆菌 (Xenorhabdus nematophilus)产生抗生素的发酵培养基和发酵条件进行了研究 ,同时对该菌代谢过程 p H值、还原糖、总糖、氨基氮与抗生素产量的关系进行了分析。通过筛选该菌对碳源和氮源的要求 ,用正交试验初步确定了该菌产素的最佳发酵培养基和条件为 :玉米粉 1% ,大豆粉 3% ,蔗糖 1% ,蛋白胨 1.5% ,KH₂ PO₄ 0 .0 2 % ,Mg SO₄ 0 .2 % ,活化剂     

黑曲霉FS25产β-葡聚糖酶发酵特性的研究*

黑曲霉 (Aspergillusniger) FS2 5产β 葡聚糖酶最适碳源为大麦粉 ,氮源为玉米浆 ;最佳摇瓶发酵配方为大麦粉 6g ,玉米浆 2g ,(NH₄)₂SO₄0.4g ,FeSO₄·7H₂ O 0.01g ,Na₂ HPO₄·3H₂ O 0.1g,CaCO₃0.5g ,MgSO相似文献   

以摇瓶所得摄氧率为基准进行发酵放大

通过设计特殊摇瓶,用亚硫酸盐法测出摇瓶口纱布层氧通透率的基础上,在实际发酵情况下通过测定瓶内气、液相氧的变化得出其发酵过程中的摄氧率(OUR)及氧传递系数(K_La)。以特制摇瓶取得的菌体CUR为基准进行发酵过程和发酵罐的放大。通过质谱仪在线检测及采样分析,研究了3种不同供气流量及搅拌转速下的放大结果。摇瓶与发酵罐在菌体OUR、菌体产量方面吻合很好,而在整个放大过程中,发现摇瓶与发酵罐内的氧传递系数(K_La)、溶解氧(C_L)差异较大。     

分批发酵动力学模型参数的估算

本文基于通用的发酵动力学数学模型,导出了用于描述分批发酵特征的解析解。藉助于由FORTRAN－77编写的POWELL优化算法,以赖氨酸分批发酵为倒^［5］,一举估算出该解析解中所有的发酵动力学参数;μ_max、K_s、α、β、Y_G、Y_p,及m。结果表明t(1)用模型所得到的计算值与实测值具有较好的一致性,(2)赖氨酸合成速度取决于微生物的生长速度及浓度。     

处理柠檬酸发酵废水的高活性光合细菌P4菌株的分离鉴定*

光合细菌P₄菌株从柠檬酸发酵废水流经的污泥中分离得到。经鉴定P₄菌株为红假单胞菌属(Rhodopseudomonas),浑球红假单胞菌(R. sphacroides)。P₄菌株以乙酸钠为碳源生长良好,50小时进入稳定期(菌液OD_660nm=108—2.0)。将经过可溶化的柠檬酸发酵废水用P₄菌株的乙酸钠培养液进行处理,作用72小时后废水COD的去除率达85.3%。     

碳酸钙促进丙酮酸发酵过程中α-酮戊二酸的形成

在多重维生素营养缺陷型菌株光滑球拟酵母CCTCC M202019发酵生产丙酮酸的摇瓶和发酵罐实验中发现,CaCO₃的添加对发酵液中α-酮戊二酸（α-KG）的积累有重要影响。在维生素浓度不变且供氧充分的前提下,延迟CaCO₃添加时间可明显抑制α-KG的产生,并提高丙酮酸与α-KG的碳摩尔比(C_PYR/C_αKG);而增加培养基中的CaCO₃浓度会导致αKG积累的增加。用不同物质调节发酵液中pH的实验证实：在丙酮酸发酵过程中, Ca²⁺对αKG的积累起主要作用,CO₃^2-起辅助作用,两者对α-KG的积累具有协同效应。维持培养基中CaCO₃浓度不变,改变培养基中硫胺素的浓度,对αKG的积累,特别是对C_PYR/C_α-KG值没有影响;而增加培养基中生物素的浓度,则导致αKG的浓度不断上升且C_PYR/C_α-KG值不断下降。当有Ca2+存在时,胞内丙酮酸羧化酶的活性最高可提高40%,而丙酮酸脱氢酶系的活性没有明显变化。结果表明,丙酮酸发酵过程中α-KG的形成是由于CaCO₃促进了丙酮酸羧化反应,其中Ca²⁺可显著提高丙酮酸羧化酶的活性,而CO₃^2-则有可能作为丙酮酸羧化反应的底物。     

翅鳞伞深层发酵胞外多糖优化研究

采用PlackettBurman设计(PlackettBurman Design, PB)对影响翅鳞伞［ Pholiota squarrosa (Pers. Ex Fr.) Quel.］ AS 5245菌株发酵产糖的内在和外在相关因素进行了筛选,所选取的20个相关因素为葡萄糖、果糖、麦芽糖、酵母膏、胰蛋白胨、KH₂PO₄、K₂HPO₄、(NH₄)₂SO₄、NaNO₃、FeSO₄、MgSO₄、MnCl₂、ZnCl₂、FeCl₃、CuSO₄·5H₂O、维生素B1、起始pH、发酵温度、时间和装液量。在此基础上,再采用响应曲面法(Response Surface Methodology,RSM)对影响发酵产糖的内在关键影响因素酵母膏、果糖、MgSO₄、麦芽糖、ZnCl₂和发酵基质起始pH值的最佳水平范围作了进一步的研究与探讨,通过对二次多项回归方程求解得知,在上述自变量分别为6.0g/L、11.5g/L、0.5g/L、9.6g/L、38.6mg/L和5.3时,胞外多糖最大预测值为876.32μg/mL发酵醪,此预测可信度不仅被统计分析所验证,也实践所证实。     

含易降解有机质时对苯二甲酸(TA)厌氧降解动力学

含易降解有机物的对苯二甲酸有机废水在厌氧处理时,其中的易降解有机质通过甲烷发酵被优先利用,其中间代谢物对对苯二甲酸的降解有抑制作用,同时,对苯二甲酸自身的降解也存在底物抑制现象。本文建立了有易降解有机质存在时对苯二甲酸厌氧降解的抑制动力学模型方程：q=q_max SS+Ks[1+(I-0.86)/K_I,s,并利用非线性回归,确定了模型参数q_max=1972.0mgTA/gVSS·d;K_s=20.2844gTA/L;K_I,I=2.041gCOD/L;K_I,s=0.0108 gTA/L,实验数据对该动力学方程能较好拟合。在此基础上提出两段厌氧处理新工艺。     

Bacillus sp. fmbJ224发酵产新型抗菌肽培养基的优化研究

采用Plackett-Burman设计(Plackett_Burman Design,PB) 法,对影响Bacillussp.fmbJ224产新型抗菌肽的17个因素进行了筛选。结果表明：影响该菌发酵产新型抗菌肽的主要培养基成分为葡萄糖、NH₄NO₃、谷氨酸、CaCl₂、MnSO₄。在此基础上,再采用响应曲面法(Response Surface Methodology RSM)对其5个显著因子的最佳水平范围进行研究。通过对二次多项回归方程求解得知,在上述自变量分别为葡萄糖8.13g/L、NH₄NO₃6.14g/L、谷氨酸4.2g/L、CaCl₂ 3.98mg/L、MnSO₄4.87mg/L时,新型抗菌肽的产量从1304.21μg/mL提高到了1487.58μg/mL。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。