2015-2016年宿州市肾结石患病现况调查及危险因素分析

摘要 目的：分析2015-2016年安徽省宿州市肾结石患病情况,并分析该地区肾结石患病的危险因素,为肾结石的防治提供依据。方法：选择2015年1月~2016年12月间于我院就诊的肾结石患者110例作为研究组,选择同期本院体检的健康志愿者110例作为对照组。调查两组基本信息、临床资料、饮食习惯等,并应用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析分析肾结石患病的危险因素。结果：108名肾结石患者年龄18~75岁,45~55岁所占比例最高,占34.04%,其次是35~44岁,占25.53%,55~64岁,占17.02%。单因素分析显示,宿州市肾结石患者发病与吸烟指数、饮酒指数、饮食习惯、每日饮水量、直系亲属肾结石史、尿路感染史、BMI有关（P<0.05）,与文化程度、月收入无关（P>0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示饮酒指数≥200、喜食肉蛋、喜食海鲜、每日饮水量<1000 mL、直系亲属有肾结石史、有尿路感染史、体质量指数(BMI)>24 kg/m²是宿州市肾结石患者发病的危险因素（P<0.05）。结论：宿州市肾结石患者发病年龄多集中于45~55岁,且该地区发病的危险因素包括饮酒指数≥200、喜食肉蛋、喜食海鲜、每日饮水量<1000 mL、直系亲属有肾结石史、有尿路感染史、BMI>24 kg/m²,可作为防治肾结石的参考依据。     

口腔种植体周围细菌感染病原菌分布特点及细菌感染的危险因素分析

摘要 目的：观察口腔种植体周围细菌感染病原菌分布特点,分析细菌感染的危险因素。方法：选择360例于2018年7月~2021年5月在我院行口腔种植术的患者。根据是否发生口腔种植体周围细菌感染将患者分为感染组和未感染组。分离鉴定感染组病原菌种类。收集患者的临床资料,引起口腔种植体周围细菌感染的影响因素采用单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析。结果：360例患者中共有35例发生口腔种植体周围细菌感染,发生率为9.72%。共分离出49株病原菌,其中需氧菌14株（28.57%）、厌氧菌32株（65.31%）、有益菌3株（6.12%）;厌氧菌中又以口腔链球菌11株（22.45%）、牙龈卟啉单胞菌9株（18.37%）、产黑色素普雷沃菌7株（14.29%）为主。单因素分析结果显示：口腔种植体周围细菌感染的发生与吸烟史、慢性牙周炎病史、饮酒史、是否合并糖尿病、种植体周围牙槽骨情况以及口腔健康习惯有关（P＜0.05）;多因素Logistic回归分析显示口腔种植体周围细菌感染的危险因素是口腔健康习惯不良、种植体周围牙槽骨不良、合并糖尿病、有饮酒史、有慢性牙周炎病史、有吸烟史（P＜0.05）。结论：口腔种植体周围细菌感染的病原菌以厌氧菌为主,种植体周围牙槽骨不良、有慢性牙周炎病史、有吸烟史、合并糖尿病、饮酒史、口腔健康习惯不良是感染发生的危险因素,应针对上述因素进行适当干预。     

慢阻肺伴左心衰竭临床特征与影响因素分析

摘要 目的：探讨慢阻肺伴左心衰竭临床特征与影响因素。方法：回顾性选择2019年1月至2020年12月来我院诊治的慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者150例。根据是否合并心衰,将150例患者分为慢阻肺伴左心衰竭组（A组）与慢阻肺未伴左心衰竭组（B组）。分析150例患者中慢阻肺伴左心衰竭的占比,分析对比两组一般资料、习惯和疾病病史、肺功能、心脏彩超、心电图结果、血液指标水平与动脉血气指标,采用Logistic回归分析慢阻肺伴左心衰竭的影响因素。结果：（1）150例患者中,慢阻肺伴左心衰竭者占比为32.00 %,慢性阻塞性肺疾病未合并左心衰竭者占比为68.00 %。（2）两组性别、年龄、患病时间、糖尿病史、吸烟史、高血压史、冠心病史、FEV1/FVC、左房内径、左心室舒张末内径、左室重量分数、左室后壁厚度、肺动脉压、血小板计数、C反应蛋白、降钙素原、凝血酶原时间、D-二聚体、白蛋白、肌酸激酶同工酶、N末端脑钠肽前体、PaCO₂、PaO₂、SaO₂对比有差异（P<0.05）。（3）Logistic回归分析结果表明、性别、年龄、糖尿病史、吸烟史、高血压史、冠心病史、左心室舒张末内径、肺动脉压是影响慢阻肺合并左心衰竭患者的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论：慢阻肺伴左心衰竭的占比较高,其与性别为男性、年龄偏大、有糖尿病史、吸烟史、高血压史、冠心病史、左心室舒张末内径升高、肺动脉压升高相关,需对以上因素给予积极干预及治疗。     

高脂血症合并高血压患者临床特征及疾病严重程度的危险因素分析

摘要 目的：分析高脂血症合并高血压患者临床特征及疾病严重程度的危险因素。方法：回顾性分析2021年12月-2022年12月我院收治的高血压和高脂症患者共532例,依据其血压和血脂水平分为高血脂组（n=240）和高血脂合并高血压组（n=292）。比较两组临床资料,采用二分类Logistic回归分析影响高脂血症合并高血压患者病情严重程度的独立危险因素。结果：高血脂合并高血压组的吸烟史、家族史、患有糖尿病史、高血脂病史一年以上人数占比及血清甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）、血尿酸（UA）、C反应蛋白（CRP）水平均与高血脂组有差异（P<0.05）。高血脂合并高血压重度组有吸烟史、家族史、患有糖尿病、高血压病及血清UA、CRP水平均高于中度组（P<0.05）。二分类Logistic回归分析结果显示,有吸烟史、家族史、患有糖尿病、高血压病及血清UA、CRP水平升高是影响高脂血症合并高血压患者病情严重程度的独立危险因素（P<0.05）。结论：吸烟史、家族史、患有糖尿病、高血压病,UA含量以及CRP水平升高是影响高脂血症合并高血压患者病情严重程度的独立危险因素,可作为临床提示高脂血症合并高血压病情发展的指标。     

糖尿病肾病患者生存质量调查及与社会支持和自我医学应对能力的关系研究

摘要 目的：研究糖尿病肾病患者生存质量调查及与社会支持和自我医学应对能力的关系。方法：选取我院从2018年1月～2020年1月收治的100例糖尿病肾病患者纳入研究,通过生存质量调查问卷对所有受试者的生存质量予以评估,并采用单因素、多因素Logistic回归分析明确影响糖尿病肾病患者生存质量的相关因素。此外,将所有受试者按照生存质量评分高低分成A组（≤80分）79例和B组（＞80分）21例,分析不同生存质量评分患者的社会支持评分、自我医学应对能力的差异,并以Pearson相关性分析糖尿病肾病患者生存质量与社会支持和自我医学应对能力的关系。结果：经单因素分析可得：糖尿病肾病患者生存质量和年龄、病程、吸烟史、饮酒史、高血压病史、遵医嘱用药、遵医嘱饮食、运动次数有关（均P＜0.05）。经多因素Logistic回归分析可得：年龄＞35岁、病程＞5年、有吸烟史、饮酒史、高血压病史、未遵医嘱用药、未遵医嘱饮食、运动次数≤3次/周均是糖尿病肾病患者生存质量的独立危险因素（均P＜0.05）。B组患者的各项社会支持评分均高于A组患者（均P＜0.05）。B组患者的宿命、逃避评分低于A组患者,其它各项自我医学应对能力评分均高于A组患者（均P＜0.05）。经Pearson相关性分析发现：糖尿病肾病患者生存质量与家庭支持、朋友支持、其他人支持评分以及面对、乐观、支持、情感宣泄、姑息、依赖自我评分均呈正相关关系,而与宿命、逃避评分呈负相关关系（均P＜0.05）。结论：临床工作中应加强对患者健康宣教,为其制定良好的日常生活方案,重视年龄较大以及病程较长的患者。此外,糖尿病肾病患者生存质量与社会支持和自我医学应对能力密切相关。     

急性脑梗死患者伴吞咽障碍的临床特征及发生卒中相关性肺炎的影响因素分析

摘要 目的：分析急性脑梗死患者伴吞咽障碍的临床特征及发生卒中相关性肺炎（SAP）的影响因素。方法：选取 2019年 10月~2021年 10月本院收治的 190例急性脑梗死患者为调查研究对象,根据患者的洼田饮水试验评分分为吞咽良好组（98例）和吞咽障碍组（92例）,对比两组患者的临床资料,探讨急性脑梗死患者伴吞咽障碍的临床特征。并对 92例吞咽障碍组患者发病期间SAP发生率进行统计,并将患者分为 SAP组和非 SAP组,对两组患者的基础资料、临床资料等进行组间对比分析,并采用单因素分析和多因素 Logistic回归分析探讨影响急性脑梗死吞咽障碍患者发生 SAP的危险因素。结果：吞咽障碍组与吞咽良好组患者的性别、体质指数（BMI）、吸烟史、饮酒史、基础疾病史等比较无统计学差异（P>0.05）,而吞咽障碍组患者的年龄、美国国立卫生院神经功能缺损评分（NIHSS）、梗死面积、梗死部位脑干比例均高于吞咽功能良好组（P<0.05）。92例急性脑梗死伴吞咽障碍患者中有 34例患者发生 SAP,发生率为 36.96%。经单因素分析显示,SAP组与非 SAP组患者的性别、BMI、饮酒史、高血压病史、高脂血病史比较无统计学差异（P>0.05）,而 SAP组患者的年龄、NIHSS评分、吸烟史患者比例、糖尿病史患者比例均高于非 SAP组（P<0.05）。经 Logistic多因素回归分析显示,高龄、高 NIHSS评分、吸烟史、糖尿病史是急性脑梗死伴吞咽障碍并发 SAP发生的独立危险因素（P<0.05,OR＞1）。结论：急性脑梗死患者中高龄、神经功能缺损严重、梗死面积大以及脑干部位梗死患者易出现吞咽功能障碍,且有部分患者会出现 SAP,而高龄、高 NIHSS评分、吸烟史、糖尿病史是诱发 SAP发生的影响因素,值得临床关注。     

杭州市中青年健康体检人群甲状腺结节检出状况及影响因素分析

摘要 目的：调查研究杭州地区中青年健康体检人群甲状腺结节检出情况,分析发病影响因素。方法：回顾性分析2020年1月至2021年12月我院杭州市中青年健康体检者的体检资料,剔除体检信息不全及超声成像不满意者,共1920例纳入此次研究。设计结构化问卷收集体检人群人口学特征、生活方式资料。计算杭州市健康体检人群甲状腺结节检出率,分析甲状腺结节发病影响因素。结果：1920例杭州市中青年健康体检者中,共检出甲状腺结节632例（32.92%）。甲状腺结节发病影响因素的单因素分析发现,甲状腺结节组和非甲状腺结节组在性别、婚姻状况、饮食、运动、吸烟、饮酒、睡眠、体质指数、总胆红素、谷丙转氨酶、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、空腹血糖等方面比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,性别、婚姻状况、饮食、运动、吸烟、饮酒、睡眠、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇是甲状腺结节发病的独立影响因素（P<0.05）。结论：杭州市中青年健康体检人群甲状腺结节检出率较高,应加强筛查力度,提高健康素养,改变生活方式,降低甲状腺结节的发病率。     

睡眠质量与脑胶质瘤致病关系的探索性研究

摘要 目的：探索睡眠质量与脑胶质瘤致病可能存在的关系,为脑胶质瘤的病因学研究提供一定科学的依据。方法：对 2017年 6月 -2018年 10月期间在首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院及首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院就诊,并经术后病理诊断为脑胶质瘤的患者 109例,及对照组 117例,用问卷调查方式采样信息,包含性别、年龄、吸烟史、饮酒史、BMI、肿瘤家族史、居住地区、颅脑损伤史、睡眠质量情况（匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表 PSQI）。通过病例 -对照的研究方法,采用二元 Logistic回归分析,分析睡眠质量与脑胶质瘤致病间可能存在的关联性。结果：单因素 Logistic回归分析结果示睡眠质量差（OR=1.468,95%CI:1.275-2.275）、睡眠时间短（OR=1.797,95%CI:1.070-3.015）、睡眠效率低（OR=2.992,95%CI:2.259-3.964）、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表总分高（OR=1.180,95%CI:1.093-1.272）,提示上述因素可能与脑胶质瘤的致病存在关联,且具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;多因素二元 Logistic回归分析结示,在带入性别、年龄、吸烟史、饮酒史、BMI、肿瘤家族史、居住地区、颅脑损伤史等暴露因素后,睡眠质量评分高,即睡眠质量差（OR=1.457,95%CI: 1.060-2.002）、睡眠效率评分高,即睡眠效率低（OR=4.267,95%CI: 2.634-6.914）,可能与脑胶质瘤的致病存在关联。结论：我们的研究表明,睡眠质量差、睡眠效率低与脑胶质瘤的致病可能存在关联,希望为脑胶质瘤病因学的进一步研究提供一定的参考依据。     

溃疡性结肠炎患者生存质量与应对方式、心理状态的关系及其影响因素分析

摘要 目的：探讨溃疡性结肠炎（UC）患者生存质量与应对方式、心理状态的关系,并分析生存质量的影响因素。方法：选取2018年4月~2020年8月期间我院收治的183例UC患者。采用中文版医学应对问卷（MCMQ）评估患者对疾病的应对方式。采用炎症性肠病生存质量问卷（IBDQ）对患者生存质量进行评价。采用焦虑自评症状表（SAS）、抑郁自评症状表（SDS）评估患者心理状态。Pearson相关性分析UC患者生存质量与应对方式、心理状态的关系,应用单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析生存质量的影响因素。结果：UC患者全身症状、肠道症状、社会能力、情感能力、IBDQ总分均低于国内常模（P<0.05）。UC患者SAS、SDS评分均高于国内常模（P<0.05）。UC患者回避、屈服评分均高于国内常模,面对评分低于国内常模（P<0.05）。Pearson相关性分析结果显示：IBDQ总分与SAS、SDS以及回避、屈服评分均呈负相关,与面对评分呈正相关（P<0.05）。单因素分析结果显示：UC患者的生存质量与病情严重程度、婚姻状况、饮酒史、文化程度、性别、家族史、吸烟史、饮食习惯、家庭月均收入、肠道手术史有关（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic 回归分析结果显示：病情严重程度为重度、性别女、有家族史、有吸烟史、不良饮食习惯、家庭月均收入≤5000元均是影响UC患者生存质量的危险因素（P＜0.05）。结论：UC患者生存质量下降,其生存质量与应对方式、心理状态有关,且受到性别、家族史、病情严重程度等多种因素影响,临床可考虑针对上述影响因素进行相关防治,以改善UC患者生存质量。     

西安市雁塔区育龄女性宫颈癌防治知识知晓情况调查及影响因素分析

摘要 目的：调查西安市雁塔区育龄女性宫颈癌防治知识知晓情况,并分析其影响因素。方法：选取2019年3月~2020年7月期间于我院进行健康体检的育龄期女性1500例作为研究对象,采用我院自制的调查问卷对研究对象个人信息、宫颈癌防治知识知晓情况进行调查。分析西安市雁塔区育龄女性宫颈癌防治知识知晓情况的影响因素。结果：共发放调查问卷1500份,收回合格问卷1491份,合格率为99.40%（1491/1500）。西安市雁塔区育龄女性宫颈癌防治知识总体知晓率为34.14%（509/1491）。将知晓5项及其以上宫颈癌防治知识的受试者509例纳为知晓组,知晓5项以下的982例作为知晓不足组。单因素分析结果显示：两组在文化程度、年龄、宫颈癌家族病史、家庭月收入、居住地、职业、既往生殖病史、接受过宫颈癌知识宣教、5年内体检史方面对比差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析发现：家庭月收入<5000元、文化程度为初中及以下、接受过宫颈癌知识宣教、既往生殖病史、5年内体检史均是西安市雁塔区育龄女性宫颈癌防治知识知晓情况的影响因素（P＜0.05）。结论：西安市雁塔区育龄女性具有较低的宫颈癌防治知识总体知晓率,且既往生殖病史、家庭人均月收入、文化程度等均为其宫颈癌防治知识知晓情况影响因素,当地相关部门可结合相关影响因素开展针对性的健康教育,以提高当地育龄女性对宫颈癌防治知识的认知。     

Dietary Exposure Assessment of Potentially Toxic Trace Elements in Fruits and Vegetables Sold in Town of Kapan,Armenia

Fruits and vegetables grown under the impact of Armenia’s mining industry are widely sold in markets of adjacent towns. As the share of fruits and vegetables in Armenians’ diet is significant, the present study aims to assess the dietary exposure of potentially toxic trace elements through the intake of fruits and vegetables sold in Kapan town, located in the biggest mining region of Armenia. The concentrations of Cu, Mo, Ni, Cr, Pb, Zn, Hg, As, and Cd in 15 types of fruits and vegetables were determined. Non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were assessed. Although the estimated daily intakes of trace elements for each studied food item did not exceed health-based guidelines values, in case of the combined consumption of fruits and vegetables estimated cumulative daily intakes exceeded reference doses for Cu and Mo. Moreover, carcinogenic risk for the majority of fruits and vegetables exceeded the EPA recommended risk level of 10⁻⁶, indicating adverse health effect to local population. The outcomes of this study can serve as a basis for further research that will consider many other exposure pathways (i.e., inhalation or dermal pathways) in order to ensure the safety of the residents living under the impact of mining industry.

     

Effects of diet and exercise on plasma vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels in Vietnamese immigrant elderly in Sydney, Australia

Vitamin D deficiency may be associated with osteoporosis and fractures in the elderly. In Australia where there is a sizeable Vietnamese population, research has not yet clarified the roles of diet, exercise and sun exposure in determining vitamin D status. Plasma samples for 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D); dietary intake of vitamin D and calcium; muscle strength and sun exposure were measured and weekly dairy intake, exercise levels and smoking habits were surveyed in free-living elderly of Vietnamese and Australian/British origin. There was marginal vitamin D deficiency (<37 nmol/L 25(OH)D) in 63% of Vietnamese but only in 37% of Australian/British born. Low dairy intake and no vigorous exercise were best predictors of vitamin D deficiency in Vietnamese, taking into account age, gender, dietary intake and sun exposure. Since these migrant elderly may not get adequate sun exposure due to either clothing customs or cultural norms that encourage fair (untanned) skin, it is important to encourage increased exercise and dairy intake.     

Intake of fruits and vegetables in relation to 10-year weight gain among Spanish adults

Objective: Despite the alarming increase in the prevalence of obesity, epidemiologic studies that prospectively examine the fruit and vegetable consumption and other lifestyle factors in relation to weight gain (WG) are still insufficient. We explored the associations between fruit and vegetable intake and WG over a 10‐year period in an adult Mediterranean population. Methods and Procedures: We performed a 10‐year follow‐up study with healthy participants (n = 206) aged 15–80 years at baseline in 1994, who participated in a nutrition survey in Valencia, Spain. Data on diet, lifestyle factors, and body weight were obtained in 1994 and 2004 using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and direct measurements. Results: The average WG over the study period was 3.41 (s.d. 6.9) kg. In multivariate analyses, participants in the third quartile of fruit intake at baseline in 1994 had lower risk of WG ≥ 3.41 kg compared to those in the lowest quartile (oddsratio (OR) = 0.31, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.11–0.85; P trend = 0.044). Regarding vegetable intake, the risk of WG was lowest in participants of the fourth quartile (>333 g/day), which had an 84% reduced risk of gaining 3.41 kg weight (OR = 0.18, 95% CI, 0.05–0.66; P trend = 0.017). When the intake of fruits and vegetables was combined, the risk of WG decreased across quartiles, with the lowest risk among those in the fourth quartile (OR = 0.22, 95% CI, 0.06–0.81; P trend = 0.022). Further adjustment for an increased intake of fruits and vegetables over the past 10 years reported by participants in 2004 did not appreciably alter the observed ORs. Discussion: Dietary patterns associated with a high intake of fruits and vegetables in Mediterranean populations may reduce long‐term risk of subsequent WG and obesity among adults.     

Dietary factors and cancer mortality among atomic-bomb survivors

Dietary factors such as fruit and vegetables are thought to reduce the risk of cancer incidence and mortality. We investigated the effect of a diet rich in fruit and vegetables against the long-term effects of radiation exposure on the risk of cancer. A cohort of 36,228 atomic-bomb survivors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, for whom radiation dose estimates were currently available, had their diet assessed in 1980. They were followed for a period of 20 years for cancer mortality. The joint-effect of fruit and vegetables intake and radiation exposure on risk of cancer death was examined, in additive (sum of effects of diet alone and radiation alone) and multiplicative (product of effects of diet alone and radiation alone) models. In the additive model, a daily intake of fruit and vegetables significantly reduced the risk of cancer deaths by 13%, compared to an intake of once or less per week. Radiation exposure of 1 Sievert (Sv) increased significantly the risk of cancer death by 48-49%. The additive joint-effects showed a lower risk of cancer among those exposed to 1 Sv who had a diet rich in vegetables (49%-13%=36%) or fruit (48%-13%=35%). The multiplicative model gave similar results. The cancer risk reduction by vegetables in exposed persons went from 52% (effect of radiation alone) to 32% (product of effect of vegetables and radiation), and cancer risk reduction by fruit was 52% (radiation alone) to 34% (product of effect of fruit and radiation). There was no significant evidence to reject either the additive or the multiplicative model. A daily intake of fruit and vegetables was beneficial to the persons exposed to radiation in reducing their risks of cancer death.     

Evolutionary aspects of omega-3 fatty acids in the food supply

Information from archaeological findings and studies from modern day hunter-gatherers suggest that the Paleolithic diet is the diet we evolved on and for which our genetic profile was programmed. The Paleolithic diet is characterized by lower fat and lower saturated fat intake than Western diets; a balanced intake of omega-6 and omega-3 essential fatty acids; small amounts of trans fatty acids, contributing less than 2% of dietary energy; more green leafy vegetables and fruits providing higher levels of vitamin E and vitamin C and other antioxidants than today's diet and higher amounts of calcium and potassium but lower sodium intake. Studies on the traditional Greek diet (diet of Crete) indicate an omega-6/omega-3 ratio of about 1/1. The importance of a balanced ratio of omega-6:omega-3, a lower saturated fatty acid and lower total fat intake (30-33%), along with higher intakes of fruits and vegetables leading to increases in vitamin E and C, was tested in the Lyon Heart study. The Lyon study, based on a modified diet of Crete, confirmed the importance of omega-3 fatty acids from marine and terrestrial sources, and vitamin E and vitamin C, in the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease, and cancer mortality.     

Risk factors associated with head and neck cancer in former smokers: A Brazilian multicentric study

BackgroundReduced tobacco consumption in the population has not been associated with reduced incidence rates of head and neck cancer in several countries.ObjectiveTo explore the associations between HNC and sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle of former smokers from three Brazilian cancer centers.MethodsA multicenter case-control study was conducted with 229 former smokers diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, oropharynx, larynx, and 318 controls (former smokers without head and neck cancer). Bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to estimate odds ratios (ORs) with a 95% confidence interval (CI).Results11–20 years after smoking cessation showed significant impact on HNC reduction (OR 0.22, 95% CI, 0.12–0.39), which reached 82% (95% CI, 0.09–0.35) among 20 + former smokers when compared to individuals who had stopped smoking for up to 5 years. A history of high-intensity smoking (>40 pack-years) increased HNC risk by 2.09 times (95% CI 1.13–3.89) when compared to subjects who smoked up to 20 pack-years. Past alcohol consumption (OR 1.99, 95% CI, 1.06–3.82) was also associated with head and neck cancer risk in former smokers when compared to no alcohol consumption. There was a decreased head and neck cancer risk in former smokers who had high school level of education (OR 0.38, 95% CI, 0.16–0.91) compared to illiterate former smokers; and former smokers with moderate intake of vegetables (OR 0.49, 95% CI, 0.28–0.85) and fruits (OR 0.43, 95% CI, 0.25–0.73) compared to those with low intake.ConclusionHead and neck cancer risk in former smokers decreases after 11 years after smoking cessation, former smokers with past alcohol consumption showed an increased risk of HNC. High school level of education and moderate intake of vegetables and fruits reduced HNC risk among former smokers.     

Diet and the risk of head-and-neck cancer among never-smokers and smokers in a Chinese population

BackgroundFew studies have been conducted in China to investigate the association between diet and the risk of head-and-neck cancer (HNC). The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between diet and HNC risk in the Chinese population and to examine whether smoking status has any effect on the risk.MethodsOur multicenter case–control study included 921 HNC cases and 806 controls. We obtained information on the frequency of both animal- and plant-based food consumption. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs).ResultsThe risk of HNC increased with more frequent consumption of processed meat and fermented foods but decreased with frequent consumption of fruits and vegetables. There was a significant increasing P for trend of 0.006 among smokers who consumed meat and an increased OR among smokers who consumed processed meat (OR 2.95, 95%CI 1.12–7.75). Protective odds ratios for vegetable consumption were observed among smokers only. We also observed protective odds ratios for higher egg consumption among never-smokers (P for trend = 0.0.003).ConclusionsReduced HNC risks were observed for high fruit and vegetable intake, a finding consistent with the results of previous studies. Processed meat intake was associated with an increased risk. The role of dietary factors in HNC in the East Asian population is similar to that in European populations.     

Dietary interventions of human carcinogenesis

The diet is a complex mixture that is associated with 30% of human cancer in the U.S. Extensive laboratory studies indicate that the diet is composed of many mutagens/carcinogens as well as antimutagens/anticarcinogens. Overwhelming evidence from epidemiological studies indicates that a diverse diet that is high in fruits and vegetables and low in certain fats, along with moderate caloric intake and exercise, is most closely associated with reduced cancer risk. Dietary intervention studies using complex food items (fruits, vegetables, and fats) support these epidemiological observations; dietary interventionsusing single compounds (vitamins, antioxidants, etc.) have generally not. Estimates suggest that appropriate dietary changes could reduce the percentage of deaths due to prostate, colorectal, pancreatic, and breast cancer by ≥ 50%.     

Estimating impact of food choices on life expectancy: A modeling study

BackgroundInterpreting and utilizing the findings of nutritional research can be challenging to clinicians, policy makers, and even researchers. To make better decisions about diet, innovative methods that integrate best evidence are needed. We have developed a decision support model that predicts how dietary choices affect life expectancy (LE).Methods and findingsBased on meta-analyses and data from the Global Burden of Disease study (2019), we used life table methodology to estimate how LE changes with sustained changes in the intake of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, refined grains, nuts, legumes, fish, eggs, milk/dairy, red meat, processed meat, and sugar-sweetened beverages. We present estimates (with 95% uncertainty intervals [95% UIs]) for an optimized diet and a feasibility approach diet. An optimal diet had substantially higher intake than a typical diet of whole grains, legumes, fish, fruits, vegetables, and included a handful of nuts, while reducing red and processed meats, sugar-sweetened beverages, and refined grains. A feasibility approach diet was a midpoint between an optimal and a typical Western diet. A sustained change from a typical Western diet to the optimal diet from age 20 years would increase LE by more than a decade for women from the United States (10.7 [95% UI 8.4 to 12.3] years) and men (13.0 [95% UI 9.4 to 14.3] years). The largest gains would be made by eating more legumes (females: 2.2 [95% UI 1.1 to 3.4]; males: 2.5 [95% UI 1.1 to 3.9]), whole grains (females: 2.0 [95% UI 1.3 to 2.7]; males: 2.3 [95% UI 1.6 to 3.0]), and nuts (females: 1.7 [95% UI 1.5 to 2.0]; males: 2.0 [95% UI 1.7 to 2.3]), and less red meat (females: 1.6 [95% UI 1.5 to 1.8]; males: 1.9 [95% UI 1.7 to 2.1]) and processed meat (females: 1.6 [95% UI 1.5 to 1.8]; males: 1.9 [95% UI 1.7 to 2.1]). Changing from a typical diet to the optimized diet at age 60 years would increase LE by 8.0 (95% UI 6.2 to 9.3) years for women and 8.8 (95% UI 6.8 to 10.0) years for men, and 80-year-olds would gain 3.4 years (95% UI females: 2.6 to 3.8/males: 2.7 to 3.9). Change from typical to feasibility approach diet would increase LE by 6.2 (95% UI 3.5 to 8.1) years for 20-year-old women from the United States and 7.3 (95% UI 4.7 to 9.5) years for men. Using NutriGrade, the overall quality of evidence was assessed as moderate. The methodology provides population estimates under given assumptions and is not meant as individualized forecasting, with study limitations that include uncertainty for time to achieve full effects, the effect of eggs, white meat, and oils, individual variation in protective and risk factors, uncertainties for future development of medical treatments; and changes in lifestyle.ConclusionsA sustained dietary change may give substantial health gains for people of all ages both for optimized and feasible changes. Gains are predicted to be larger the earlier the dietary changes are initiated in life. The Food4HealthyLife calculator that we provide online could be useful for clinicians, policy makers, and laypeople to understand the health impact of dietary choices.

Lars Fadnes and co-workers estimate the possible benefits to life expectancy from adoption of more healthy diets.     

Lowered risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and intake of plant vitamin, fresh fish, green tea and coffee: a case-control study in taiwan

Background

A case-control study was conducted to evaluate the role of adult diet on nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in Taiwan.

Methods

A total of 375 incident NPC cases and 327 controls matched to the cases on sex, age, and residence were recruited between July 1991 and December 1994. A structured questionnaire inquiring complete dietary history, socio-demographic characteristics, and other potential confounding factors was used in the personal interview. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to estimate multivariate-adjusted odds ratio (OR_adj) with 95% confidence interval (CI) after accounting for known risk factors.

Results

Fresh fish (OR_adj, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.38–0.83 for the highest vs. lowest tertile of intake), green tea (OR_adj, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.40–0.91 for drinking ≥1 times/week vs. never) and coffee (OR_adj, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.37–0.85 for drinking ≥0.5 times/week vs. never) were inversely associated with the NPC risk. No association with NPC risk was observed for the intake of meats, salted fish, fresh vegetables, fruits and milk. Intake of vitamin A from plant sources was associated with a decreased NPC risk (OR_adj, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.41–0.94 for the highest vs. lowest tertile).

Conclusion

The study findings suggest that certain adult dietary patterns might protect against the development of NPC.