Halichoeres bleekeri (steindachner & döderlein), a valid japanese species of labrid fish, distinct fromH. tenuispinis (günther) from china

Halichoeres bleekeri (Steindachner &; Döderlein, 1887), previously regarded as a junior synonym ofH. tenuispinis (Günther), is a valid species. It is distinct fromH. tenuispinis in nearly always having 13 instead of 14 pectoral rays. 11–15 instead of 7–11 suborbital pores, longer dorsal soft rays (1.95–2.3 in head length vs 2.25–2.4 fortenuispinis). and some features of color such as the absence of a dark spot at the upper base of the caudal fin of the female.H. tremebundus Jordan and Snyder, 1902 is a synonym ofH. bleekeri based on the female form, andArtisia festiva de Beaufort is a synonym ofH. tenuispinis, also described from the female phase,H. bleekeri is known from Korea and in Japan from Tokyo to the Izu Islands.H. tenuispinis is recorded from Hong Kong and Xiamen. China, and Taiwan. Records ofH. tenuispinis from the Philippines by Fowler and Bean (1928) represent misidentifications ofH. papilionaceus (Valenciennes).     

A reevaluation of echites and prestonia sect. Coalitae (apocynaceae)

The relationship between the genusEchites andPrestonia sect.Coalitae is analyzed and discussed.Prestonia agglutinata andP. woodsoniana are restored toEchites. In addition,Echites darienensis is described and a new name,Echites puntarenensis, is proposed here. Eight species are maintained inEchites.     

A redescription ofPotamogeton distinctus including remarks on the taxonomy of thePotamogeton nodosus group

Potamogeton distinctus has an E. Asian distribution and is closely related toP. nodosus. P. tepperi seems to be a synonym ofP. tricarinatus, even though the name has frequently been applied to other species likeP. distinctus. P. indicus is a synonym ofP. nodosus notwithstanding the fact that not all Indian broad-leaved pondweeds belong to that taxon.     

Taxonomical studies on ovariicolous ustomycetes on caryophyllaceae I.Ustilago jehudana andUstilago moenchiae-manticae

A study of the type specimen ofUstilago jehudana resulted in the correction of the diagnosis. The sori are localized in the host gynoecium but not in the anthers. Morphological characters of the sori and ustospores of the later describedU. moenchiae-manticae are identical with these ofU. jehudana. Ustilago moenchiae-manticae is reduced here to a synonym ofU. jehudana. The smut is reported as new to Bulgaria on a new host, viz.,Moenchia erecta. A new combination,Bauhinus jehudanus, is proposed.     

Convolvulus grandiflorus Jacq. (Convolvulaceae) re-examined

Convolvulus grandiflorus Jacq. has been treated as a synonym ofOperculina ventricosa andStictocardia tiliifolia. It is here accepted as identifiable withIpomoea (sect.Calonyction)macrantha which is the correct name for Jacquin’s taxon. Full synonymies ofIpomoea macrantha andOperculina ventricosa are given, along with a comment about a variant occurring in Micronesia.     

Plectodiscus discoideus (Rauff): A redescription of a chondrophorine from the early devonian hunsrück Slate,West Germany

Additional specimens of a “by-the-wind sailor” (velellid hydrozoan) from the Hunsrück Slate indicate thatPalaeonectris Rauff is a subjective synonym ofPlectodiscus Ruedemann.Silurovelella Fisher is also judged to be a synonym ofPlectodiscus. The nature of the matrix and the degree of decay and flexing of the pneumatophore disc affect preservation of these fossils. The internal chitinoid gas-filled float structure ofPlectodiscus discoideus is often preserved as a concentrically laminated, oval disc. After death of the organism, it was separated from the soft tissues and before burial in the sediment, it may have been transported by the wind and surface currents. Some new details are added to the anatomy of P.discoideus (Rauff), and a new reconstruction is presented.     

Revision ofMesorhyphus Handlirsch,Eoplecia Handlirsch andHeterorhyphus Bode (Diptera: Anisopodomorpha,Bibionomorpha) from the upper liassic of Germany

The holotypes of the Lower Jurassic DipteraMesorhyphus nanus Handlirsch 1920,M. areolatus Handlirsch 1939,M. anomalus Handlirsch 1939,Eoplecia primitiva Handlirsch 1920,Heterorhyphus latus Bode 1953,H. analivarius Bode 1953 andProtorhyphus (?)ovisimilis Bode 1953 were re-examined. The holotype ofEoplecia primitiva is the counterpart ofMesorhyphus areolatus. M. areolatus is a junior synonym ofM. nanus. Mesorrhyphoides Rohdendorf 1962 is a synonym ofHeterorhyphus Bode 1953.Heterorhyphus analivarius is a synonym ofProtorhyphus (?)ovisimilis, being mistakenly described from the counterpart of the holotype of the latter. The genusHeterorhyphus is valid and comprises onlyH. anomalus (Handlirsch 1939) n. comb.;H. latus is a synonym of the latter species. As the wing venation ofHeterorhyphus is conspicuously different from all fossil and Recent Anisopodomorpha, it is placed into a new family, Heterorhyphidae, within the Bibionomorpha.     

The arthropodBundenbachiellus giganteus from the Lower Devonian Hunsrück Slate, Germany

The large Hunsrück Slate arthropodBundenbachiellus giganteus (Broili, 1929) has been interpreted as a myriapod, a possible arthropleurid, and most recently as a distorted specimen of the arachnomorph arthropodCheloniellon. The Single specimen lacks the head region and is characterised by a narrow trunk bearing a series of biramous appendages with a segmented endopod and filamentous exopod. A reinvestigation demonstrates that it is not referable toCheloniellon but represents a distinct taxon of whichEschenbachiellus wuttkensis Briggs &;Bartels, 2001, also based on a Single Hunsrück Slate specimen, is a junior synonym. Minor features ofStürmer &;Bergström’s (1978) reconstruction ofCheloniellon, which were based on the holotype ofBundenbachiellus giganteus, are revised.     

New and interesting species ofEmericella from Brazilian soil

Among the ascomycete isolates from soil and armadillo dung collected in São Paulo State, Brazil, a new species ofEmericella, E. montenegroi and a new variety ofE. rugulosa, E. rugulosa var.Iazulina are described and illustrated.Emericella montenegroi differs from the other known species of the genus in having ascospores with an incompletely reticulate or ribbed ornamentation on the convex walls.Emericella rugulosa var.Iazulina differs from the type variety in having blue to violet color of ascospores. Isolations ofE. corrugata andE. foveolata are also reported as a South American record. A synoptic key to all accepted species of the genus is provided.     

Solgerites Reeside, 1932 (Cretaceous Ammonoidea) a synonym ofForresteria Reeside, 1932, with a revision ofSolgerites brancoi (Solger, 1904) (Cretaceous Ammonoidea) from Cameroon

A revision of the surviving “Barroisiceras” specimens from Cameroon described by SOLGER (1904) suggests thatBarroisiceras brancoi, type species ofSolgerites REESIDE, 1932, including varietiesmitis andarmatus of SOLGER, andBarroisiceras hoberfellneri alstadenensis SOLGER non SCHLüTER are variants of a single species and thatSolgerites is a synonym ofForresteria (Forresteria) REESIDE, 1932, of whichEboroceras BASSE, 1947 also is a synonym.     

Nomenclatural changes in schizachyrium (Poaceae)

Two morphological variants ofSchizachyrium hirtiflorum are reduced to varietal rank underS. sanguineum. Schizachyrium semiberbe is included as a synonym of the typical variety ofS. sanguineum.     

Parabittacus analis Handlirsch 1939 undParabittacus lingula (Bode 1953), Neorthophlebiiden (Insecta: Mecoptera) aus dem Oberen Lias von Deutschland

The holotype ofParabittacus analis Handlirsch 1939 from the Upper Liassic of Dobbertin is redescribed after preparation and considered a representative of the Neorthophlebiidae. The genusPolydicrobittacus Bode 1953 from Hondelage is a junior synonym ofParabittacus.     

Evolution alpiner Populationen vonEuphrasia (Scrophulariaceae): Die tetraploideE. minima

A systematic analysis of the variable and probably allotetraploidE. minima is presented, its infraspecific taxonomy is discussed.E. tatrae is provisionally included intoE. minima although some differences may exist;E. mendonçae may be a relic of a formerly wider distribution ofE. minima; E. willkommii seems to be closer toE. stricta s. lat. than toE. minima. 4x-E. minima is supposed to be derived from phylogenetic lines close to extant dwarf alpine forms of 2x-E. alpina (including its yellow flowering subsp.christii;Vitek 1985b) and 2x-E. hirtella (vgl.Vitek 1985a). Some characteristics (e.g., its small flowers) could have been introduced through hybrid introgression from other 2x-species, particularlyE. inopinata and/orE. sinuata (vgl.Ehrendorfer & Vitek 1984).     

Parasitism ofTrialeurodes ricini byEncarsia formosa: Level of parasitism,development time and mortality on different host plants

The effects of the host plant on the level of parasitism, development time and mortality ofEncarsia formosa Gahan parasitizing castor whitefly,Trialeurodes ricini Misra were studied. The level of parasitism varied significantly between host plants; ranging from an average high of 13/50T. ricini larvae parasitized per parasitoid per day on aubergine to an average low of 1.6/50 host larvae on potato. Development time ofE. formosa varied according to whitefly host plant; minimum average development time was 17.7 days on cotton. The mortality ofE. formosa was high on all host plants tested, and the type of host plant had no significant influence on mortality. Aubergine proved to be the most satisfactory laboratory plant for rearingE. formosa onT. ricini.     

A re-evaluation ofBlayacina Cobbold 1932 andThoralaspis Hupe 1953 (Trilobita: Redlichiida)

The monotypic trilobite generaBlayacina andThoralaspis from the late Early Cambrian of the Montagne Noire, Southern France, are revised. Restudy of the type specimens and of new material from the type locality and stratum as well as morphometric measurements strongly support the assumption that both taxa are identical and that morphologic as well as taxonomic differences resulted from tectonic distortion. Thus,Thoralaspis thorali has to be regarded as a subjective junior synonym ofBlayacina miqueli andThoralaspis as a junior synonym ofBlayacina. Its systematic position as a morphologic group aroundLusatiops within the Ellipsocephalidae-Protoleninae is confirmed.