急性低氧和间断低氧习服对HepG2细胞内血管内皮细胞生长因子基因表达的影响

目的:观察急性低氧和间断低氧习服对人HepG2细胞内血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)及转录因子低氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)的mRNA和蛋白含量的影响及其可能的生物学意义.方法:HepG2细胞随机分为常氧对照组,急性低氧组和间断低氧习服组.采用Northern blot和Western blot分别检测不同组别HepG2细胞内VEGF和HIF-1α mRNA表达和蛋白含量的变化.结果:急性低氧诱导HepG2细胞内VEGF和HIF-1α基因的转录,增加两种蛋白在细胞内的含量.间断低氧习服组的细胞内VEGF和HIF-1α的mRNA含量分别为常氧对照组细胞的(108.6±17.7)%和(116.74±19.8)%,与常氧对照组相比无显著差异(P＞0.05);而其蛋白表达的含量分别为对照组细胞的1.4和2.7倍,都明显低于急性低氧组细胞内两种蛋白的含量(P＜0.05).结论:HepG2细胞达到低氧习服状态后,抑制急性低氧对HepG2细胞内VEGF基因表达的促进作用,其中HIF-1α可能起着重要的调节作用.     

雷帕霉素对低氧下HL-60细胞的低氧调控信号分子表达的影响

摘要目的：通过小分子化合物氯（CoCt2）模拟的低氧环境,分析低氧下及其雷帕霉素（RPM）作用下人急性髓细胞白血病细胞HL．60的低氧调控信号分子表达的变化;方法：常规方法复苏、传代、培养HL-60细胞,培养细胞进入对数生长期后用于实验。低氧模拟组、低氧雷帕霉素处理组、常氧雷帕霉素处理组分别用含2001xmol／LCoCl2、2001xmol／LCOCl2／20nmol／LRPM、20nmol／LRPM的1640培养基处理生长状态良好的细胞,对照组细胞用1640培养基培养,各组置培养箱以37℃、5％CO2培养,并于处理后24h、48h、72h收集细胞用于检测;采用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测低氧诱导因子（HIF-1α）、内皮细胞生长因于（VEGF）、雷帕霉素靶蛋白（mTOR）及GAPDH在转录水平的表达;结果：①与各时段对照组相比,低氧模拟组HIF-1α表达随时间逐渐增加,72h明显上调;与常氧雷帕霉素处理组各时段比较,低氧雷帕霉素处理组HIF-1α表达早期（24h）相对下调,后期相对上调;②．与对照组比较,各处理组mTOR表达均下调,低氧雷帕霉素处理组在早期（24h）下调显著;与常氧雷帕霉素处理组比较,低氧雷帕霉素处理组mTOR各时段的表达均相对下调;③与对照组各时段相比,低氧模拟组VEGF的表达在早期显著上调,但后期呈下调;常氧雷帕霉素处理组各时段VEGF的表达下调,与其比较,低氧雷帕霉素处理组各时段均呈相对下调。结论：常氧和低氧下RPM作用HL-60细胞后VEGF、mTOR的mRNA均表达下调,RPM可在低氧环境下增强了这种下调表达作用。     

高原低氧习服大鼠红细胞变形性的变化规律及其分子机制

目的：探讨高原低氧习服大鼠红细胞变形性的变化规律及其分子机制。方法：将健康雄性大鼠随机分为3组（n=10）：常氧对照组、急性低氧组和低氧习服组。模拟高原低氧环境对大鼠分别进行急性低氧和间断低氧习服,麻醉后心脏采血,分别测定大鼠红细胞变形性、膜流动性、膜胆固醇和总磷脂含量、膜磷脂成分的含量、红细胞ATP酶活性、红细胞内Na＋和Ca2＋浓度及建立红细胞膜蛋白质双向电泳图谱,寻找差异蛋白质点,对其进行质谱鉴定。结果：①急性低氧大鼠红细胞变形性、膜流动性、膜胆固醇和总磷脂含量、红细胞ATP酶活性均降低;红细胞内Na＋和Ca2＋浓度均增高;红细胞膜磷脂酰丝氨酸（PS）、鞘磷脂（SM）含量增加,磷脂酰胆碱（PC）含量降低;建立了红细胞膜蛋白质双向电泳图谱,选取7个差异蛋白质点,其中4个在急性低氧后表达降低。②低氧习服大鼠红细胞变形性、膜流动性、膜胆固醇和总磷脂含量、红细胞ATP酶活性明显均增高;红细胞内Na＋和Ca2＋浓度均降低;红细胞膜PS、SM含量降低,PC含量增加;上述7个差异蛋白质点中4个在低氧习服后表达增高,3个表达降低,质谱技术鉴定结果为补体结合蛋白、水通道蛋白、膜攻击复合物抑制因子、葡萄糖运载体、脂质移行酶、氨基磷脂转移酶、依赖ATP的翻转酶,其中后三个酶与红细胞膜磷脂翻转有关。结论：急性低氧引起红细胞变形性、膜流动性、膜蛋白质表达、红细胞ATP酶活性及胞内Na＋和Ca2＋浓度方面相应的改变;经低氧习服后,上述指标有所改善,低氧习服对急性低氧引起红细胞的影响具有一定的保护作用;红细胞膜上的3种蛋白质,包括脂质移行酶、氨基磷脂转移酶和依赖ATP的翻转酶在低氧习服改善红细胞变形性的机制中可能发挥重要的作用。     

线粒体ATP敏感钾通道对大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞低氧诱导因子-1α表达及细胞增殖的作用

本文旨在探讨线粒体ATP敏感钾（mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K＋,MitoKATP）通道对大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞低氧诱导因子-1α（hypoxia inducible factor-1α,HIF-1α）表达和细胞增殖的影响。原代培养大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞,分为常氧对照组、常氧＋diazoxide（MitoKATP通道的选择性开放剂）组、常氧＋5-hydroxydecanoate（5-HD,MitoKATP通道的选择性阻断剂）组、低氧对照组、低氧＋diazoxide组、低氧＋5-HD组,共6组,分别应用罗丹明123荧光技术检测各组大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞的线粒体膜电位,免疫组化检测HIF-1α的表达及酶联免疫检测仪检测细胞增殖的变化。结果显示,常氧＋ diazoxide组与常氧对照组比较,罗丹明123荧光、HIF-1α表达及细胞增殖明显增强（P〈0．05）;低氧＋diazoxide组与低氧对照组比较,罗丹明123荧光、HIF-1α表达及细胞增殖明显增强（P〈0.05）：常氧＋5-HD组与常氧对照组比较,罗丹明123荧光、HIF-1α表达、细胞增殖没有明显变化（P〉0．05）;但低氧＋5-HD组与低氧对照组比较,罗丹明123荧光明显减弱、HIF-1α表达及细胞增殖有所减弱（P〈0．05）。结果提示：MitoKATP通道的开放能引起大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞线粒体膜去极化,并可以促进HIF-1α的表达及细胞增殖。     

低氧运动后不同恢复环境腓肠肌热休克蛋白70表达变化

目的：实验旨在观察急性间歇低氧（氧含量12．7％）跑台运动后不同恢复环境下大鼠腓肠肌热休克蛋白HSP70表达的时程变化。方法：雄性sD大鼠进行低氧环境下的急性间歇跑台运动,用Western blot方法检测低氧运动后即刻、低氧运动后低氧恢复及常氧氧恢复1d,2d,7d的大鼠腓肠肌HSP70蛋白表达水平。结果：急性间歇低氧运动后即刻HSP70蛋白表达水平开始升高。常氧恢复第1dHSP70蛋白表达水平显著高于常氧对照组,P〈0．05。第2d、第7d呈现先降低后升高的趋势;低氧恢复中HSP70蛋白表达水平均显著高于常氧对照组,P〈0．05。结论：急性间歇低氧运动后能诱导HSP70蛋白表达水平升高;低氧恢复过程中HSP70蛋白高水平表达维持的时间要比常氧恢复长。     

低氧对体外培养鸡原始生殖细胞凋亡的影响

本研究的目的是通过低氧处理体外培养的鸡原始生殖细胞(Primordial germ cell)优化培养系统,降低细胞凋亡率,提高细胞活力,为高效生产转基因鸡提供科学依据。研究采用低氧气体(1%O_2)分别处理鸡PGCs 6 h、12 h、24 h,随后用q-PCR检测凋亡相关基因Caspase3的表达。与常氧组(21%O_2)相比,1%O_2-24h低氧组Caspase3显著下调(p0.05)。进一步检测1%O_2-24 h低氧组p53和Bcl2的表达情况,结果显示p53表达显著下调(p0.05),Bcl2表达无显著差异。采用流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡比例,低氧组((13.5±0.8)%)凋亡比例低于常氧组((21.8±2.1)%)。采用q-PCR,免疫荧光染色,细胞迁移鉴定低氧处理后的鸡PGCs生物学特性,发现其仍保持生殖细胞的生物学特性。本研究表明,在体外培养条件下,1%O_2低氧处理鸡PGCs 24 h能抑制细胞凋亡,且不改变其生物学特性。     

Beclin-1 shRNA对低氧诱导的SH-SY5Y细胞自噬的影响

目的：构建Beclin-1基因短发夹干扰RNA（shRNA）慢病毒载体,感染人SH-SY5Y细胞,观察沉默Beclin-1基因后低氧对SH-SY5Y细胞自噬的影响。方法：构建特异性靶向Beclin-1基因的shRNA慢病毒表达载体和阴性对照序列慢病毒载体;再将载体转染入SH-SY5Y细胞;RT-PCR检测Beclin-1的mRNA表达;Western blot检测Beclin-1蛋白表达;CCK-8法测定Beclin-1 shRNA对SH-SY5Y细胞活力的影响。再将空白对照、阴性对照、转染型三种细胞分别以21%常氧及5%低氧培养,Western blot检测各组细胞LC3蛋白表达;电镜观察自噬小体。结果：Beclin-1 shRNA能明显抑制SH-SY5Y细胞Beclin-1的mRNA及蛋白的表达;沉默Beclin-1基因后,Beclin-1 shRNA组细胞存活率与阴性对照组相比无差异;成功建立了稳定表达Beclin-1 shRNA的SH-SY5Y细胞。5%低氧处理后,与阴性对照组相比较,Beclin-1 shRNA组细胞中LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ比值下调,细胞内自噬小体数量减少。结论：慢病毒介导的Beclin-1shRNA对SH-SY5Y细胞的活力无影响,但可以抑制低氧诱导的自噬。     

低氧与铁代谢相关蛋白

氧和铁这两种元素对生命活动十分重要. 低氧诱导因子(hypoxia-inducible factors, HIFs)作为转录因子,参与一系列靶基因的表达调控以适应低氧. 铁参与 DNA合成、氧气运输、代谢反应等多种细胞活动,过量游离铁会通过Haber-Weiss或 Fenton反应产生毒性自由基. 细胞通过与铁吸收、存储和利用有关的多种铁代谢相 关蛋白之间的协同作用来维持铁稳态. 与铁稳态相关的一些基因是HIFs的靶基因或 者间接受低氧调控,包括转铁蛋白、转铁蛋白受体、二价金属转运体1、铁调素、膜 铁转运蛋白、血浆铜蓝蛋白、铁蛋白等,而胞内铁浓度的改变能影响HIFs的表达. 本文就低氧与铁代谢相关蛋白的关系,尤其是低氧对铁代谢相关蛋白的调节作一综 述.     

载脂蛋白E对低氧诱导小鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞增殖的影响及其机制*

目的:探讨外源性载脂蛋白E(apoE)对低氧诱导小鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞(PASMCs)增殖的影响及其机制。方法:采用组织块贴壁法原代培养小鼠PASMCs,取对数生长期PASMCs,分常氧组、常氧+apoE组、低氧组和低氧+apoE组,常氧组培养条件为:21% O₂、5% CO₂,低氧组培养条件为:1% O₂、5% CO₂,外源性加apoE使终浓度为10 μg/ml,培养时间为48 h,重复三次。EdU掺入法检测细胞增殖情况,Western blot法检测apoE、增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)、蛋白激酶C(PKC)和磷酸化蛋白激酶C(p-PKC)蛋白的表达。结果:与常氧组比较,低氧组PASMCs增殖率提高64.7%,PCNA蛋白和p-PKC蛋白表达分别上调69.0%和120.0%,而apoE蛋白表达下调51.0%(P均＜0.05);与低氧组比较,低氧+apoE组PASMCs增殖率降低19.6%,PCNA蛋白和p-PKC蛋白表达分别下调19.8%和103.2%(P均＜0.05);各组间PKC蛋白表达无显著性差异,常氧组p-PKC蛋白表达与常氧+apoE组的相比也无显著性差异(P均＞0.05)。结论:apoE能抑制低氧诱导小鼠PASMCs增殖,其机制可能与阻碍PKC途径有关。     

缺氧信号转导通路的研究进展

人体组织和细胞在环境氧浓度改变的条件下,通过氧感受器和信号转导通路特异地调节某些基因或蛋白的表达来适应低氧.同时在缺氧情况下,缺氧反应导致多种细胞信号通路的激活参与调节呼吸、代谢、细胞生存等.在哺乳动物体内,HIFs是主要的低氧应激转录因子,其α亚基受到多种因素的影响,如PHDs、FIH1、线粒体、CHIP,本文将在常氧和缺氧状态下,对HIF稳定性调节机制及缺氧所介导相关信号转导通路进行综述.     

Differential expression of thymosin beta-10 by early passage and senescent vascular endothelium is modulated by VPF/VEGF: evidence for senescent endothelial cells in vivo at sites of atherosclerosis.

VPF/VEGF acts selectively on the vascular endothelium to enhance permeability, induce cell migration and division, and delay replicative senescence. To understand the changes in gene expression during endothelial senescence, we investigated genes that were differentially expressed in early vs. late passage (senescent) human dermal endothelial cells (HDMEC) using cDNA array hybridization. Early passage HDMEC cultured with or without VPF/VEGF overexpressed 9 and underexpressed 6 genes in comparison with their senescent counterparts. Thymosin beta-10 expression was modulated by VPF/VEGF and was strikingly down-regulated in senescent EC. The beta-thymosins are actin G-sequestering peptides that regulate actin dynamics and are overexpressed in neoplastic transformation. We have also identified senescent EC in the human aorta at sites overlying atherosclerotic plaques. These EC expressed senescence-associated neutral beta-galactosidase and, in contrast to adventitial microvessel endothelium, exhibited weak staining for thymosin beta-10. ISH performed on human malignant tumors revealed strong thymosin beta-10 expression in tumor blood vessels. This is the first report that Tbeta-10 expression is significantly reduced in senescent EC, that VPF/VEGF modulates thymosin beta-10 expression, and that EC can become senescent in vivo. The reduced expression of thymosin beta-10 may contribute to the senescent phenotype by reducing EC plasticity and thus impairing their response to migratory stimuli.     

Iron accumulation and iron-regulatory protein activity in human hepatoma (HepG2) cells

Iron may populate distinct hepatocellular iron pools that differentially regulate expression of proteins such as ferritin and transferrin receptor (TfR) through iron-regulatory mRNA-binding proteins (IRPs), and may additionally regulate uptake and accumulation of non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI). We examined iron-regulatory protein (IRP) binding activity and ferritin/TfR expression in human hepatoma (HepG2) cells exposed to iron at different levels for different periods. Several iron-dependent RNA-binding activities were identified, but only IRP increased with beta-mercaptoethanol. With exposures between 0 and 20 microg/ml iron, decreases in IRP binding accompanied large changes in TfR and ferritin expression, while chelation of residual iron with deferoxamine (DFO) caused a large increase in IRP binding with little additional effect on TfR or ferritin expression. Cellular iron content increased beyond 4 days of exposure to iron at 20 microg/ml, when IRP binding, TfR, and ferritin had all reached stable levels. However, iron content of the cells plateaued by 7 days, or decreased with 24 h exposure to very high concentrations (>50 microg/ml) of iron. These results indicate that iron-replete HepG2 cells exhibit a narrow range of maximal responsiveness of the IRP-regulatory mechanism, whose functional response is blunted both by excessive iron exposure and by removal of iron from a chelatable pool. HepG2 cells are able to limit iron accumulation upon higher or prolonged exposure to NTBI, apparently independent of the IRP mechanism.     

The RNA expression signature of the HepG2 cell line as determined by the integrated analysis of miRNA and mRNA expression profiles

Understanding miRNAs' regulatory networks and target genes could facilitate the development of therapies for human diseases such as cancer. Although much useful gene expression profiling data for tumor cell lines is available, microarray data for miRNAs and mRNAs in the human HepG2 cell line have only been compared with that of other cell lines separately. The relationship between miRNAs and mRNAs in integrated expression profiles for HepG2 cells is still unknown. To explore the miRNA–mRNA correlations in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells, we performed miRNA and mRNA expression profiling in HepG2 cells and normal liver HL-7702 cells at the genome scale using next-generation sequencing technology. We identified 193 miRNAs that are differentially expressed in these two cell lines. Of these, 89 miRNAs were down-regulated in HepG2 cells compared with HL-7702 cells, while 104 miRNAs were up-regulated. We also observed 3035 mRNAs that are significantly dys-regulated in HepG2 cells. We then performed an integrated analysis of the expression data for differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs and found several miRNA–mRNA pairs that are significantly correlated in HepG2 cells. Further analysis suggested that these differentially expressed genes were enriched in four tumorigenesis-related signaling pathways, namely, ErbB, JAK–STAT, mTOR, and WNT, which until now had not been fully reported. Our results could be helpful in understanding the mechanisms of HCC occurrence and development.     

Gene expression signature of human HepG2 cell line

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and is associated with various clinico-pathological characteristics such as genetic mutations and viral infections. Therefore, numerous laboratories look out for identifying always new putative markers for the improvement of HCC diagnosis/prognosis. Many molecular profiling studies investigated gene expression changes related to HCC. HepG2 represents a pure cell line of human liver carcinoma, often used as HCC model due to the absence of viral infection. In this study we compare gene expression profiles associated with HepG2 (as HCC model) and normal hepatocyte cells by microarray technology. Hierarchical cluster analysis of genes evidenced that 2646 genes significantly down-regulated in HepG2 cells compared to hepatocytes whereas a further 3586 genes significantly up-regulated. By using the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) program, we have classified the genes that were differently expressed and studied the functional networks correlating these genes in the complete human interactome. Moreover, to confirm the differentially expressed genes as well as the reliability of our microarray data, we performed a quantitative Real time RT-PCR analysis on 9 up-regulated and 11 down-regulated genes, respectively. In conclusion this work i) provides a gene signature of human hepatoma cells showing genes that change their expression as a consequence of liver cancer in the absence of any genetic mutations or viral infection, ii) evidences new differently expressed genes found in our signature compared to previous published studies and iii) suggests some genes on which to focus future studies to understand if they can be used to improve the HCC prognosis/diagnosis.     

低氧对人骨髓间充质干细胞基因表达谱的影响

低氧可以促进人骨髓间充质干细胞（human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells,hMSCs）增殖。为探讨其可能机制,本实验采用cDNA芯片技术动态检测低氧促进hMSCs增殖过程中基因表达的变化,用RT-PCR验证芯片结果。结果显示,在含21 329条基因探针的芯片上,检测到282个基因差异表达,其中代谢类基因最多;差异表达基因的数目随低氧时间不同而变化,其中24 h时差异表达基因的数目最多。差异表达基因中4个为已知的低氧诱导因子-1（hypoxia- inducible factor 1,HIF-1）靶基因,在低氧处理36 h时都基本上调。此外,差异表达基因中有10个连续变化的基因,这些基因中既有上调基因也有下调基因。4个HIF-1靶基因和连续变化的基因的RT1-PCR结果大部分与cDNA芯片结果一致。结果提示,低氧促进hMSCs增殖是多基因参与的过程,可能与HIF-1及其下游信号通路有关。