矿质营养与其他生长物质对荷叶离褶伞菌丝生长的影响

1mg／mL KCl促进荷叶离褶伞菌丝生长;5或10mg／mL NaCl、5或10mg／mL MgSO4、5或10mg／mLKCl、10mg／mL H2PO4和1mg／mL CaSO4抑制菌丝生长;0．8mg／mL的MnSO4和CuSO4以及0．5mg／mL FeSO4、0．2或0．5mg／mL CoCl2和0．2、0．5或0．8mg／mL ZnSO4促进菌丝生长;0．5或0．2mg／mL CuSO4、0．2或0．5mg／mL MnSO4及0．8或0．2mg／mL FeSO4对菌丝生长的影响不显著;维生素B6、维生素C、维生素PP和维生素B1可促进菌丝生长,在含有10μg/L维生素B6的培养基上菌丝生长速度最快,但维生素C试用浓度较低（50μg／L）时对菌丝生长的影响不显著;吲哚丁酸、吲哚乙酸、奈乙酸对菌丝生长具有促进作用,但0．1、0．5或1．0μg／L赤霉素对菌丝生长的影响不显著。     

一株具有藻毒素清除功能的干酪乳杆菌细胞高密度发酵条件优化

为提高一株具有藻毒素清除能力的干酪乳杆菌Lactobacillus casei BBEi0—212单位体积的活菌数,针对其营养需求,研究了不同碳源、氮源、缓冲盐、微量元素及生长因子对该菌株生长情况及发酵特性的影响。通过响应面法对碳源、氮源、生长因子等进行优化,获得最佳培养基配方为：α-乳糖43．8g/L,酵母膏79．5g/L,无水乙酸钠13．12g／L,冰醋酸9．17mL／L,MnSO4·H20190mg／L,吐温-805．15mL/L。经37℃培养18h,菌体干重达到4．97g/L,比在普通MRS培养基中（1．32g／L）提高近4倍。基于乳酸菌发酵过程中的产酸特性,通过外源添加5g／L谷氨酸,促使菌体浓度进一步提高15％,并提前1．2h进入生长稳定期。上述研究结果为食品行业重要生产菌株干酪乳杆菌的高密度培养技术提供了可借鉴的研究思路。     

黑曲霉SL2-111复合酶固体发酵工艺研究

以酸性蛋白酶酶活为响应值,采用单因素搜索和正交试验对黑曲霉（Aspergillus niger）SL2－111固体发酵工艺进行优化,结果表明最适培养基的组成为：新鲜麸皮8．25g,米糠4．5g、豆饼粉1．5g、（NH4)2SO40.3g、K2HPO40．66g、CaCl20.075g、水8．6mL,pH5．5,变温培养,前30h28℃、后30h为23℃,培养时间为60h。采用最适培养基和优化工艺,在250mL三角瓶中进行验证实验,酸性蛋白酶酶活可达12586U/g,果胶酶和纤维素酶分别为16490U/g、9822U／g。     

戊糖乳杆菌31-1菌株产细菌素发酵条件优化

对戊糖乳杆菌31-1产细菌素的条件进行了优化,分别研究了培养温度,培养基起始pH值,培养基碳源、氮源,刺激因子等因素对细菌素产量的影响。组合因素优化结果得到最佳培养基与培养条件为：乳糖30g、胰胨15g、豆胨20g、牛肉膏30g、蛋白胨20g、吐温801mL、磷酸氢二钾2g、乙酸钠5g、柠檬酸铵2g、硫酸镁0．58g、硫酸锰0．25g,蒸馏水定容至1000mL,30℃培养24h,培养起始pH为6．5。在此条件下培养细菌素效价可达到640AU／mL,与起始培养基相比细菌素产量提高了8倍。     

中国仓鼠卵巢细胞的悬浮适应及代谢特征

目的：通过悬浮适应,使中国仓鼠卵巢细胞（CHO细胞）获得悬浮生长的特性,并可在悬浮培养条件下较快地生长。方法：将CHO细胞以3×10^5／mL接种于100mL的三角瓶内,培养时加入1％小牛血清、1g/LPIuronic F-68、25μg／mL硫酸葡聚糖,培养体积35mL,摇床转速90r／min,每24h离心换液,当细胞增殖为2×10^6／mL时传代。结果：经过悬浮适应,细胞的平均比生长速率由适应最初的0．27／d提高为适应后的0．48／d,最大总细胞密度由适应初期的2．5×10^6／mL提高为适应后的6．3×10^6／mL,目的蛋白活性也由适应前的2781U／mL提高为适应后的8878U／mL,适应后细胞的葡萄糖平均比消耗率为1．42μmol／（10^6细胞·d）,低于适应前的2．16μmol／（10^6细胞·d）。结论：贴壁生长的CHO细胞经过悬浮适应,不仅可以在悬浮培养条件下快速生长,而且细胞对葡萄糖的利用率也得到提高。     

黑曲霉固态发酵生产单宁酶的条件优化

研究采用响应面法优化黑曲霉固态发酵生产单宁酶的培养条件。应用Plackett—Burman试验筛选出重要影响因子：五倍子粉含量、（NH4）2SO4浓度以及接种孢子量,最陡爬坡试验逼近最大响应区域。应用Box．Behnken响应面试验对重要影响因子进一步优化。得到最佳培养条件：每250mL三角瓶中装入1．0g五倍子粉、4．4g稻壳和0．5g麸皮、液固比（mL／g）2：1且营养盐溶液组成为（NH4）2s0421g/L、MgSO4·7H2O1g／L、NaCl1g／L,培养基pH自然,接种5．7×10^7个孢子后在30℃温度下培养4d。在此条件下,单宁酶产量从40U／g提高到114U／g,3次重复验证性试验平均值为115U／g,验证了模型的可靠性。     

表皮生长因子和胰岛素对大熊猫体外培养皮肤成纤维细胞生物学特性的影响

用DME:Ham's F12(1∶1)培养液,添加3个水平的表皮生长因子和2个水平的胰岛素,组合成6种 培养体系(CS)分别培养大熊猫皮肤成纤维细胞。通过对细胞生长速度和染色体数目变异率进行测定,测得在 添加10μg／mL的胰岛素和40 ng／mL的表皮生长因子的培养体系(CS-5)中:以(1．673±0．185)×105／mL密 度接种细胞,经3．5 d,密度达到6．890×105／mL,其生长速度最快;染色体数目为二倍体细胞的比率75．77％; 核型分析显示,培养的细胞是大熊猫体细胞。综合衡量,CS-5更适合大熊猫皮肤成纤维细胞的培养。     

单克隆人胰腺干细胞分离培养体系的建立

本研究探讨了建立单克隆人胰腺干细胞分离培养体系及单克隆人胰腺干细胞系．对一些影响干细胞增殖的因素进行了分析。无菌取人流产胎儿胰腺组织,切碎至1mm3,0．1％ Ⅳ型胶原酶消化,低糖DMEM、10％FBS、3．7g／LNaHCO3、0．08g／L青霉素及0．1g/L链霉素培养液贴壁培养细胞,2．5g／L胰蛋白酶＋0．4g／LEDTA消化传代。克隆环筛选单克隆干细胞,培养液中添加10ng／mLEGF．扩增单克隆干细胞。采用核型分析法检测干细胞染色体,MTT法测定干细胞生长曲线。胶原酶消化胰腺组织．获得单个细胞和细胞团。贴壁培养．原代上皮样胰腺干细胞克隆性生长。胰蛋白酶消化传代,上皮样胰腺干细胞逐渐被纯化。克隆环筛选,获得单克隆人胰腺干细胞。扩增培养,1例来源于4月龄男性流产胎儿胰腺组织干细胞建系,传50代。染色体核型分析．该干细胞系为正常的二倍体细胞。细胞生长曲线显示培养1—4d,干细胞生长缓慢,5-6d,进入倍增期。培养液中添加15％FBS,干细胞增殖较快。再添加15ng／mLEGF或10ng／mL IGF—Ⅱ．干细胞增殖更快。研究结果表明应用本实验建立的细胞分离培养体系获得了单克隆人胰腺干细胞系。     

K88大肠杆菌菌毛蛋白发酵工艺条件优化研究

分别采用LB培养基、牛肉膏蛋白胨培养基、强化营养培养基、玉米浆培养基对大肠杆菌K88进行发酵培养,选出最适于大肠杆菌K88生长的玉米浆培养基;采用正交实验对玉米浆培养基的C／N、K2HPO4／KH2PO4、Mg^2＋的配比进行优化,筛选最适于大肠杆菌K88生长的营养配比;研究生长曲线、接种量以及菌体和菌毛生产量的相关性,根据实验结果优化发酵培养条件,确定菌种的最佳发酵工艺,以收获最多的K88菌毛蛋白。研究表明,K88大肠杆菌在玉米浆培养基C／N、K2HP04／KH2PO4的配比分别为5／11、1／1,Mg^2＋为0．1g/mL,pH值为7．2,转速为200r／min,接种量为4．5％的条件下发酵26个小时,菌体和菌毛生产量均达到高峰,同时得出菌毛蛋白产生量和菌体量成正相关。     

基于姬松茸深层发酵的Plackett-Burman筛选

对姬松茸液体深层发酵培养工艺条件进行单因素实验：应用Minitab15软件设计Plackett—Burman筛选实验,筛选出蔗糖及酵母膏质量浓度、培养温度、微量元素配比4个显著性影响因素,通过正交试验对其进行优化。确定最佳培养工艺条件：蔗糖质量浓度45g/L,酵母膏质量浓度3g／L,KH2PO4质量浓度2．5g／L,MgSO4质量浓度1．25g／L,培养温度27℃,培养时间7d,多糖产量可达4．64g／L。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.