Reviews of publications

Book reviewed in this article:
New Plant Sources for Drugs and Food from the New York Botanical Garden Herbarium , by Siri von Reis and Frank J. Lipp, Jr.
Botany: Plant Biology and its Relation to Human Afairs , by Jean H. Langenheim & Kenneth V. Thimann.
How to Know Western Australian WildJEowers, Part IV , (2nd edition) by B. J. Grieve & W. E. Blackall.
Thonner's Analytical Key to the Families of Flowering Plants , by R. Geesink, A. J. M. Leeuwenberg, C. E. Ridsdale & J. F. Feldkamp.
Insects of an Amazon Forest , by N. D. Penny and J. R. Arias.
Ordering the World: A History of Classzfying Man , by David Knight.     

光照对淫羊藿活性成分生物合成的影响

淫羊藿作为传统的中药材,具有补肾阳、强筋骨、祛风湿等功效.其主要功能活性成分为黄酮醇苷成分淫羊藿苷、朝藿定A、B、C等.本实验在武汉植物园内的药园和园外园两个不同生长环境下,研究两种不同光照对巫山淫羊藿(Epimedium wushanense T.S.Ying)WY品系和箭叶淫羊藿(Epimedium sagittatum( Sieb.& Zucc.)Maxim.) LT1、HN3品系4种主要活性成分生物合成的影响.结果显示,在药园环境生长的淫羊藿的光合速率要高于园外园生长的淫羊藿,药园生长的箭叶淫羊藿LT1、HN3品系的4种活性成分含量均高于园外园生长的同品系,而巫山淫羊藿WY品系则相反.光合速率对4种活性成分含量的积累有一定影响,与朝藿定A、B和淫羊藿苷含量呈显著正相关,与朝藿定C含量呈显著负相关.文中对光合速率与活性成分积累间的关系进行了讨论,还针对不同的淫羊藿品系提出了相应的栽培建议.     

游猎蛛在茶尺蠖高峰日的种间竞争作用

为了合理保护和充分利用天敌,明确茶园游猎蛛天敌捕食茶尺蠖Ectropis obliqua hypulina的种间竞争力及其差异。本文运用通经分析法、灰色关联度分析法、竞争系数分析法及竞争强度指数分析法对龙井43、黄山大叶种、乌牛早、安吉白茶、平阳特早和农抗早6类茶园中茶尺蠖高峰日时的7种游猎蛛捕食茶尺蠖的种间竞争作用进行分析。结果表明,按相关系数比较,乌牛早茶园茶尺蠖与条纹蝇虎Plexippus setipet的相关系数为-0.888,平阳特早茶园茶尺蠖与三突花蟹蛛Misumenops tricuspidatus和斜纹猫蛛Oxyopes Sertatws的相关系数分别为0.981和-0.902,均达相关水平,天敌间鞍型花蟹蛛Xysticus ephippiafus、三突花蟹蛛、斑管巢蛛Clubiona reichlini和斜纹猫蛛均与黑色跳蛛Plexippus paykulli相关,鞍型花蟹蛛、粽管巢蛛Clubiona japonicola和黑色跳蛛均与三突花蟹蛛相关。用灰色关联度法分析,与茶尺蠖数量上关系密切的前4种天敌依次是三突花蟹蛛、粽管巢蛛、黑色跳蛛和鞍型花蟹蛛。按竞争系数大小...     

Book Reviews

Books reviewed:
David Mabberley, Ferdinand Bauer. The Nature of Discovery
H. Walter Lack, A Garden for Eternity. The Codex Liechtenstein
Damodar Lal Gurjar, Enduring Perfection. Catalogue of an exhibition of paintings
J. Cullen et al , The European Garden Flora VI
John Dixon Hunt, Greater Perfections. The Practice of Garden Theory
E. Charles Nelson, A Heritage of Beauty: The garden plants of Ireland. An illustrated encyclopedia
Elizabeth B. Moynihan, The Moonlight Garden. New Discoveries at the Taj Mahal     

Vertical distribution of Blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla) and Garden Warbler (Sylvia borin) within the vegetation

Zusammenfassung Vertikale Verteilung von Mönchs- und Gartengrasmücken in der Vegetation. — In Norditalien ließen sich jahreszeitliche Unterschiede in der vertikalen Verteilung von Mönchsgrasmücken mit Hilfe standardisierter Netzfänge feststellen. Im Herbst kann sich aus der Ähnlichkeit des Verteilungsmusters zwischen Garten- und Mönchsgrasmücke interspezifische Konkurrenz ergeben. Die gefundenen Verteilungsmuster gleichen solchen aus Gegenden mit ganz anderer Artenzusammensetzung der Vegetation.

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Summary Vertical distribution patterns of Blackcap and Garden Warbler within homogeneous vegetation have been investigated through standardized mist-netting in Northern Italy. A clear seasonal difference in the use of the vegetation has been shown in the Blackcap. Some kind of interspecific competition can be expected on the basis of the similarity in the autumn vertical distribution of the two species; both distribution patterns are very similar to those found by other authors in areas with different plant species composition.

     

REVIEWS

The Genetics of Garden Plants. By M. B. C rane and W. J. C. L awrence .
Principles of Plant Physiology. By J ames B onner and A rthur W. G alston .
Pflanzliche infectionslehre. By E rnst G äumann .
Carbon Dioxide Fixation and Photosynthesis. Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology.     

中国大陆兰科植物新资料

报道了中国大陆兰科(Orchidaceae)一新记录种:闭花天麻(Gastrodia clausa T. C. Hsu, S. W. ChungC. M. Kuo),凭证标本馆藏于中国科学院华南植物园标本馆(IBSC)。闭花天麻以联合花被管短且闭合,花辐射对称,唇瓣花瓣状,合蕊柱腹部具显著附属物而易与该属其他种类区别。提供了该种的描述、解剖照片及分类学信息。     

1072. Breynia vitis-idaea (Burm.f.) C.E.C.Fisch: Phyllanthaceae

Breynia vitis-idaea (Burm.f.) C.E.C.Fisch. is illustrated and its remarkable mutualism with a seed-parasitic moth pollinator is described. The species is cultivated in the glasshouse of Koishikawa Botanical Garden together with its specific moth pollinator, which helps the plant to produce showy red fruits throughout the year.     

崂山茶区茶树根围AM真菌多样性

为调查崂山茶区土壤中丛枝菌根(AM)真菌资源的分布状况, 于2007年9月从青岛崂山茶区12个茶园采集茶树(Camellia sinensis)根围土样, 采用湿筛倾注–蔗糖离心法分离AM真菌, 测定其物种丰度、频度、孢子密度、相对多度、重要值、多样性指数等。共分离到AM真菌3属22种, 无梗囊霉属(Acaulospora)出现的频度最高, 其次是球囊霉属(Glomus)。AM真菌孢子密度以晓望村茶园最高, 高家村茶园最低; 种丰度以常家村茶园最高; 常家村茶园和万来客茶园的Shannon-Wiener指数显著高于其他茶园。光壁无梗囊霉(Acaulospora laevis)是北崂茶厂、万里江茶园、樱山春茶园、万里江有机茶园、常家村茶园和桑园村茶园的优势种; 波状无梗囊霉(Acaulospora undulata)为万里江有机茶园和万来客茶园的优势种; 隐球囊霉(Glomus occultum)为樱山春茶园、晓望村茶园和万来客茶园的优势种。应用典型相关分析(CCA)对环境因子与崂山茶区AM真菌群落组成的关系进行了分析, 各因子的影响大小依次为: 土壤速效磷含量＞土壤有机质含量＞种植年限＞土壤碱解氮含量＞土壤pH值＞土壤速效钾含量。     

Unusually low carbon isotope ratios in plants from hanging gardens in southern Utah

Leaf carbon isotope ratios (δ¹³C) and photosynthetic gas exchange were measured on plants growing in hanging garden communities in southern Utah, USA. Hanging gardens are unusual, mesic cliff communities occurring where water seeps from the sandstone bedrock in an otherwise extremely arid region; there is very limited overlap in species distributions inside and outside these gardens. Solar exposure in hanging gardens varied with orientation and one of the gardens (Ribbon Garden) was shaded throughout the day. The leaf δ¹³C values of plants in hanging gardens were significantly more negative than for plants from either nearby ephemeral wash or riparian communities. In Ribbon Garden, the observed δ¹³C values were as low as −34.8‰, placing them among the most negative values reported for any terrestrial plant species growing in a natural environment. Hanging garden plants were exposed to normal atmospheric CO₂ with an average δ¹³C value of −7.9‰ and so the low leaf δ¹³C values could not be attributed to exposure to a CO₂ source with low ¹³C content. There was a seasonal change toward more negative leaf δ¹³C values at the end of the growing season. The observed leaf δ¹³C values were consistent with photosynthetic gas exchange measurements that indicated unusually high leaf intercellular CO₂ concentrations associated with the relatively low light levels in hanging gardens. Thus, extremely negative leaf δ¹³C values would be expected if significant amounts of the seasonal carbon gain occur at light levels low enough to be near the light compensation point. Maximum observed photosynthetic rates varied with light levels at each of the gardens, with maximum rates averaging 20.3, 14.6, and 3.1 μmol m⁻²s⁻¹ at Double Garden, Lost Garden, and Ribbon Garden, respectively. Leaf nitrogen contents averaged 18.5 mg g⁻¹ in species from the more shaded hanging gardens (Lost and Ribbon). When expressed on a leaf area basis, nitrogen contents averaged 117 mmol N m⁻² at Lost Garden and 65 mmol N m⁻² at Ribbon Garden (shadiest of the two gardens). Leaf nitrogen isotope ratios averaged −2.3‰ (range of −0.7 to −6.1‰), suggesting that most of the nitrogen was derived from a biological fixation source which is most likely the Nostoc growing on the sandstone walls at the seep. These values contrast with leaf nitrogen isotope ratios of 5–9‰ which have been previously reported for arid zone plants in nearby ecosystems. Received: 19 January 1997 / Accepted: 19 April 1997     

Intranasal desmopressin (DDAVP) by spray in mild hemophilia A and von Willebrand's disease type I

Desmopressin acetate (1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin, DDAVP) has mostly been given by the parenteral route for the treatment of mild hemophilia A and von Willebrand's disease type I. In the present study the hemostatic effects of desmopressin acetate administered intranasally by spray in a dose of 300 micrograms and intravenously 0.3-0.4 micrograms/kg were assessed and compared in 8 patients with hemophilia A and 22 patients with von Willebrand's disease type I. A bioequivalent response to intravenous and intranasal desmopressin acetate was found in Factor VIII coagulant activity (VIII:C) in the hemophilia patients. In the von Willebrand patients, an equivalent shortening of the bleeding time was seen after the two modes of administration, even though intravenous injection gave a higher increase in plasma levels of VIII:C and vWF:Ag. In five patients with von Willebrand's disease the duration of the spray effect on VIII:C and vWF:Ag was followed for 24 h. After 12 h the mean level of VIII:C was 1.4, and of vWF:Ag 1.5, times the basal level. The findings suggest that the spray can be recommended for home or prophylactic treatment of patients with mild hemophilia A and von Willebrand's disease.     

NaCl对4种荒漠豆科植物幼苗生理参数的影响

以塔中沙漠植物园引种成功的4种豆科植物紫穗槐(Amorpha fruticosa)、花棒(Hedysarum scoparium)、白柠条(Caragana korshinskii)和骆驼刺(Alhagi sparsifolia)的幼苗为实验材料, 研究不同NaCl浓度处理30天其叶绿素荧光参数、叶绿素含量及叶片水势的变化特征。结果表明: 在不同浓度NaCl处理下, 骆驼刺和白柠条幼苗的叶绿素荧光参数、叶绿素含量及叶片水势的变化程度均低于紫穗槐和花棒; NaCl处理后骆驼刺和白柠条均具有较稳定的光合生理特征, 紫穗槐和花棒的稳定性则相对较差; 在NaCl处理时, 植物叶片水势的变化规律与叶绿素荧光参数具有一定的相关性, 它们可以反映幼苗对NaCl处理的不同响应。     

活植物收集圃信息系统

本文介绍了南京中山植物园活植物收集圃信息系统。该系统是利用关系数据库ＯＲＡＣＬＥ及Ｃ语言开发的,具有安全、数据可共享及可维护性强等特点。适用于大、中、小植物园、树木园、自然保护区和其他活植物田间收集圃。     

长苞刺蕊草,印度刺蕊草属(唇形科)植物一新记录种

报道了印度唇形科刺蕊草属一新记录种:长苞刺蕊草,该种在印度产于阿萨姆邦,凭证标本保存于英国皇家植物园爱丁堡植物园标本馆(E)。在形态特征上,该种与中国特有的北刺蕊草相似,但其茎叶被糙硬毛、花萼呈近管状等特征与之相异。     

A meteorological station and a pollen trap at the botanical garden and arboretum of the university of Rome Tor Vergata

A completely automated meteorological station has beenoperating at the Botanical Garden and Arboretum ofUniversity of Rome Tor Vergata since 1991. As of March1996, the meteorological station was integrated witha volumetric pollen trap.The new airborne pollen monitoring station operatesall year round, together with another centre locatedin Latium.This new centre will evaluate pollen dispersal inrelation to climatic data, floristic and anthesicspectra and the pollen allergy incidence in thesouth-eastern area of Rome.The characteristics of this new station along with thefirst data collected are presented and discussed.According to an educational program developed at theBotanical Garden, activities linked to allergenicplants have been carried out with primary andsecondary school as well as university students.Key words: Botanical Garden, volumetric pollen trap,floristic census.     

Remembrances from the days when William Campbell Steere was Director of The New York Botanical Garden

Dorothy O. Steere, widow of William C. Steere, remembers people and events during the period 1958–1972, when her husband was Director of The New York Botanical Garden.     

SHORT REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
Poplars of the British Isles. Theresa Brendell. 24 pp., 29 colour and black-and-white illustrations
A Field Guide to the Crops of Britain and Europe. G. M. de Rougemont
A Garden for all Seasons. Text by Jay Pridmore. 140 pp., many colour photographs. Chicago Horticultural Society
Gardens of England. Frances Gapper, Patience Gapper and Sally Drury. 638 pp., 10 maps. A. & C. Black, London (ISBN 0–7136-3389-1) and W. W. Norton     

5种茶园秋冬季天敌与假眼小绿叶蝉空间关系密切程度的差异

为了明确与假眼小绿叶蝉空间关系密切的天敌种类,为合理利用和保护天敌提供科学依据。运用地学统计学分析方法计算白毫早茶园、黄山大叶种茶园、农抗早茶园、平阳特早茶园和乌牛早茶园秋冬季假眼小绿叶蝉和其主要6种天敌地统计学半变异函数的变程。使用灰色系统分析方法对计算结果进行灰色关联度分析,并对分析结果进行标准化。以标准化后的密切指数大小评判天敌与假眼小绿叶蝉空间关系的密切程度。结果是：1）、黄山大叶种茶园和农抗早茶园与假眼小绿叶蝉空间关系密切的前3位天敌是粽管巢蛛、鳞纹肖蛸和斜纹猫蛛,但位次不同。2）、白毫早茶园前3位天敌是鳞纹肖蛸、斜纹猫蛛和锥腹肖蛸,前2种与黄山大叶种和农抗早茶园相同。3）、平阳特早茶园前3位天敌是鳞纹肖蛸、粽管巢蛛和草间小黑蛛,前2种与黄山大叶种和农抗早茶园相同。4）、乌牛早茶园前3位天敌是粽管巢蛛、草间小黑蛛和三突花蟹蛛,只有粽管巢蛛与黄山大叶种和农抗早茶园相同。根据5种茶园同种天敌密切指数之和以及同种天敌位次之和评判,与假眼小绿叶蝉空间关系密切的天敌均是鳞纹肖蛸、粽管巢蛛和斜纹猫蛛。天敌位次的变化主要是害虫和天敌数量之比的比值变化。害虫个体数与某种天敌个体数之比的比值越小,天敌与害虫的跟随关系则越密切。密切原因与食饵资源短缺有关。     

Reginald Cory, Benefactor of Cambridge University Botanic Garden

Summary.  Reginald Cory (1871–1934) had a lifelong passion for plants and gardens and gave generously in support of many horticultural causes and establishments including Cambridge University Botanic Garden and the Royal Horticultural Society. On his death he left the residue of his estate to the Garden, its largest ever benefaction. Cory's relationship with the Garden is described, and the impact and subsequent use of the donation, which continues to be vital to the Garden's work today is considered.