Molecular characterization of Serratia marcescens strains by RFLP and sequencing of PCR-amplified 16S rDNA and 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer

AIMS: To establish the specific DNA patterns in 16S rDNA and 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer (IGS) regions from different kinds of Serratia marcescens strains using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and sequences analysis. METHODS AND RESULTS: Two pairs of primers based on the 16S rDNA and 16S-23S rDNA IGS were applied to amplify the rrn operons of two kinds of S. marcescens strains. About 1500 bp for 16S rDNA and four fragments of different sizes for 16S-23S rDNA IGS were obtained. PCR-amplified fragments were analysed by RFLP and sequence analysis. Two distinct restriction patterns revealing three to five bands between two kinds of strains were detected with each specific enzyme. According to the sequence analysis, two kinds of strains showed approximately 97% sequence homology of 16S rDNA. However, there was much difference in the sequences of IGS between the two kinds of strains. Intercistronic tRNA of strains H3010 and A3 demonstrated an order of tRNA of 5'-16S-tRNA(Ala)-tRNA(Ile)-23S-3', but strain B17 harboured the tRNA of 5'-16S-tRNA(Glu)-tRNA(Ile)-23S-3'. CONCLUSIONS: The method was specific, sensitive and accurate, providing a new technique for differentiating different strains from the same species. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This paper provided the first molecular characterization of 16S rDNA and 16S-23S rDNA IGS from S. marcescens strains.     

PCR amplification of species specific sequences of 16S rDNA and 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region for identification of Streptococcus phocae

Streptococcus phocae, a bacterial pathogen of seals, could reliably be identified by PCR amplification using oligonucleotide primers designed according to species specific segments of the previously sequenced 16S rRNA gene and the 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region of this species. The PCR mediated assay allowed an identification of S. phocae isolated from harbor and gray seals and from Atlantic salmons. No cross-reaction could be observed with 13 different other streptococcal species and subspecies and with Lactococcus garvieae strains investigated for control purposes.     

16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region polymorphism of Lactococcus garvieae,Lactococcus raffinolactis and Lactococcus lactis as revealed by PCR and nucleotide sequence analysis

The intergenic spacer region (ISR) between the 16S and 23S rRNA genes was tested as a tool for differentiating lactococci commonly isolated in a dairy environment. 17 reference strains, representing 11 different species belonging to the genera Lactococcus, Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus and Leuconostoc, and 127 wild streptococcal strains isolated during the whole fermentation process of "Fior di Latte" cheese were analyzed. After 16S-23S rDNA ISR amplification by PCR, species or genus-specific patterns were obtained for most of the reference strains tested. Moreover, results obtained after nucleotide analysis show that the 16S-23S rDNA ISR sequences vary greatly, in size and sequence, among Lactococcus garvieae, Lactococcus raffinolactis, Lactococcus lactis as well as other streptococci from dairy environments. Because of the high degree of inter-specific polymorphism observed, 16S-23S rDNA ISR can be considered a good potential target for selecting species-specific molecular assays, such as PCR primer or probes, for a rapid and extremely reliable differentiation of dairy lactococcal isolates.     

Differentiation of bacterial strains by thermal gradient gel electrophoresis using non-GC-clamped PCR primers for the 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region

The method for DNA fingerprinting of the 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region was modified to increase resolution of bacterial strains by thermal gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE) analysis. By utilizing the high melting temperature region of the tRNA gene located in the middle of the 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region as an internal clamp for TGGE, multiple melting domain problems were solved. PCR primers lacking a stretch of GC-rich sequences (GC-clamp) amplified the intergenic spacer region more efficiently than GC-clamped primers. Therefore, PCR artifacts were avoided by using low, 17-cycle, PCR. The method was successfully applied to diverse bacterial species for strain differentiation by TGGE without requiring a special PCR primer set.     

分离自补骨脂等宿主根瘤的24株菌的数值分类和16S rDNA PCR-RFLP 研究

采用数值分类和16S rDNA PCR-RFLP对分离自云南省豆科植物补骨脂(Psoralea corylifolia)、葛藤(Pueraria lobata)、杭子梢(Campylotropis macrocarpa)等宿主的24株菌及10株根瘤菌参比菌株进行了研究。数值分类结果表明, 在84%相似性水平上, 所有的菌株可分为3群：群Ⅲ为未知菌群, 群Ⅰ为慢生菌群, 群Ⅱ为快生和中慢生菌群。从依据16S rDNA PCR-RFLP分析建立的树状图来看, 在70%相似性水平上, 所有的菌株可分为5个系统发育分支：分支Ⅰ和Ⅴ没有参比菌株, 为未知分支; 分支Ⅱ为Agrobacterium-Sinorhizobium-Rhizobium, 分支Ⅲ为Mesorhizo- bium, 分支Ⅳ为Bradyrhizobium。数值分类和16S rDNA PCR-RFLP的结果部分一致, 有2株菌与A. tumefaciens IAM13129T聚在一起。     

分离自补骨脂等宿主根瘤的24株菌的数值分类和16S rDNA PCR-RFLP 研究

采用数值分类和16S rDNA PCR-RFLP对分离自云南省豆科植物补骨脂(Psoralea corylifolia)、葛藤(Pueraria lobata)、杭子梢(Campylotropis macrocarpa)等宿主的24株菌及10株根瘤菌参比菌株进行了研究.数值分类结果表明,在84%相似性水平上,所有的菌株可分为3群:群Ⅲ为未知菌群,群Ⅰ为慢生菌群,群Ⅱ为快生和中慢生菌群.从依据16S rDNA PCR-RFLP分析建立的树状图来看,在70%相似性水平上,所有的菌株可分为5个系统发育分支:分支Ⅰ和Ⅴ没有参比菌株,为未知分支;分支Ⅱ为Agrobacterium-Sinorhizobium-Rhizobium,分支Ⅲ为Mesorhizobium,分支Ⅳ为Bradyrhizobium.数值分类和16S rDNA PCR-RFLP的结果部分一致,有2株茵与A.tumefaciens IAM13129T聚在一起.     

应用16S rRNA基因V—2高变区序列进行链霉莲分子分类

用16S rRNA部分序列对Williams数值分类系统所包含的链霉菌属种或种群进行系统进货分析,以包含16S rRNA基因V－2高变区在内的120bp长核苷酸序列所作的系统进化树表明：这些链霉菌可分为34个簇,其中大簇5个（包括27－85株菌株）;中等大小簇3个（包括9－12株菌）;小簇8个（包括2－6株菌）;单成员簇19个。结果同时表明,Williams数值分析系统中根据形态、生理、生化特征进行归类而得到的种或种群内存在较大异质性。     

Signature region within the 16S rDNA sequences of Aeromonas popoffii

To identify a group of eight Aeromonas strains of our collection showing ribotyping patterns similar to those described for the species Aeromonas popoffii, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis was performed. Results were in agreement with the DNA binding values, and allowed the identification of a 'signature region' differentiating the A. popoffii strains from all other members of the genus Aeromonas.     

16S rDNA序列分析在鉴定布鲁氏菌中的应用

[目的]建立布鲁氏菌的16S rDNA序列分析方法,评价该方法鉴定布鲁氏菌的特异性和实用性.[方法]用PCR扩增布鲁氏菌的16S rDNA片段,将扩增的产物纯化后测序,从GenBank下载与布鲁氏菌易发生血清学交叉反应的细菌的16S rDNA序列.使用DNAMAN软件进16S rDNA序列相似性分析.[结果]在布鲁氏菌中16S rDNA核苷酸序列相似性达到了99.74％,而与其他有血清型交叉反应的菌株相比较,16S rDNA序列间有显著差异.[结论]16S rDNA序列分析是一种快速、简便、特异的鉴定布鲁氏菌的方法之一.     

Identification of Azospirillum strains by restriction fragment length polymorphism of the 16S rDNA and of the histidine operon

Abstract DNA fingerprints of several Azospirillum strains, belonging to the five known species A. amazonense, A. brasilense, A. halopraeferens, A. irakense and A. lipoferum , were obtained by restriction analysis of the amplified 16S rDNA and by restriction fragment length polymorphism of the histidine biosynthetic genes. Data obtained showed that amplified rDNA restriction analysis is an easy, fast, reproducible and reliable tool for identification of Azospirillum strains, mainly at the species level, whereas restriction fragment length polymorphism could, in some cases, differentiate strains belonging to the same species. Moreover, both analyses gave congruent results in grouping strains and in the assignment of new strains to a given species.     

斜茎黄芪根瘤菌的16SrDNA和23SrDNAPCR—RFLP比较分析

在表型性状数值分析和ＡＦＬＰ指纹图谱分析的基础上,选取５４株斜茎黄芪根瘤菌的代表菌株及已知根瘤菌参比菌株,进行１６ＳｒＤＮＡ和２３ＳｒＤＮＡ的ＰＣＲ－ＲＦＬＰ比较分析。结果表明斜茎黄芪根瘤菌具有极大的系统发育多样性,分别具有２４个１６ＳｒＤＮＡ遗传图谱类型和２２个２３ＳｒＤＮＡ遗传图谱类型,１６ＳｒＤＮＡ与２３ＳｒＤＮＡＰＣＲ－ＲＦＬＰ聚类分析树状图谱有较好的一致性,但也存在一些差异。在对较大类群的划分上,它们的结果与表型性状数值分析结果有较好的一致性。将１６ＳｒＤＮＡ和２３ＳｒＤＮＡＰＣＲ－ＲＦＬＰ分析数据合并在一起进行分析时,得出２６个综合遗传图谱类型和１个综合聚类分析树状图谱。很明显,１６ＳｒＤＮＡ与２３ＳｒＤＮＡ的合并,能够得出更可靠的系统发育结论。     

以23S rDNA一个多变区作为分子标记对致病杆菌属细菌进行分类鉴定

【目的】致病杆菌属(Xenorhabdus)细菌是一类重要的生物杀虫剂,斯氏属昆虫病原线虫的共生菌,建立快速准确的分类鉴定方法,对研究开发这类细菌至关重要。【方法】本研究PCR扩增测序了本室保藏的26株,含20种已定名致病杆菌属细菌的一段845 bp的23S rDNA序列,构建了基于这段序列的致病杆菌属系统树并与基于几乎全长16S rDNA序列的相应系统树进行比较,分析了两者作为致病杆菌属细菌分类鉴定分子标记的优缺点。【结果】结果表明,与全长16S rDNA序列相比,所选择的23S rDNA序列片段所含可变位点、简约信息位点比例更高,遗传距离数值跨度大。【结论】上述结果显示该序列片段可用于致病杆菌属细菌进行分类鉴定,特别适用于对野外资源调查中采集到的大量菌株进行快速鉴定。     

甲烷氧化菌Methylomonas sp.GYJ3中甲烷单加氧酶基因与16S rRNA序列分析

甲烷氧化细菌中的关键酶系甲烷单加氧酶是一个含双核铁的多组份氧化酶,常温、常压下能够催化甲烷转化为甲醇。对甲烷氧化细菌Methylomonas sp.GYJ3中溶解性甲烷单加氧酶基因和16SrDNA进行了测序与分析。利用已知相关基因数据库信息,设计了PCR引物和测序引物,获得了满意的测序结果。全长的溶解性甲烷单加氧酶基因为5690bp,部分16S rDNA的序列长度为1280bp。与已发表的甲烷氧化细菌中甲烷单加氧酶进行了比较,结果表明MMOX组份中氨基酸序列的同一性为78%到99%,基因序列的同一性为71%到97%,6个组份中orfY片段的同一性相对较低。MMOX氨基酸序列的多序列联配表明,MMOX序列具有高度保守性,特别是在双核铁中心区域。16S rDNA进化分析显示Methylomonas sp.GYJ3与γ蛋白细菌是相关联的,基于MMOX氨基酸序列的进化分析证明,与Methylomonas sp.GYJ3最近似的菌株是Ⅰ型甲烷氧化细菌Methylomonas sp.KSWⅢ。综合分析表明,菌株GYJ3属于Ⅰ型甲烷氧化细菌Methylomonas sp.属。这个结果为Ⅰ型甲烷氧化细菌也能表达溶解性甲烷单加氧酶提供了新的证据。羟基化酶的理论等电点是6.28,理论分子量为248874.41Da。     

Identification of cultured and uncultured picocyanobacteria from a mesotrophic freshwater lake based on the partial sequences of 16S rDNA

Eight cultured strains (OK01, OK02, OK03, OK05, OK07, OK08, OK09, and OK10) of picocyanobacteria were isolated from Lake Okutama. Five cyanobacterial DNA fragments (DGGE bands; B4, B5, B6, B7, and B8) were obtained from the lake water samples by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) after polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of 16S ribosomal genes. To classify the picocyanobacterial strains and the DGGE bands, a partial sequence of 16S rDNA was used. Among seven strains, OK01, OK07, and OK09 were identified as the genus Synechococcus and OK02 and OK05 as the genus Phormidium. OK03 was identified as the genus Oscillatoria and was closely related to B4 (100% homology). B5, B6, B7, and B8 were related to the genus Synechococcus. These results revealed that the picocyanobacteria in the lake are phylogenetically diverse. PCR-DGGE analysis is a useful tool to determine picocyanobacterial community structure in freshwater environments. Received: February 25, 2001 / Accepted: July 27, 2001     

基于16S rDNA序列的Wolbachia的检测及分型

Wolbachia是广泛分布于节肢动物体内的一类共生细菌。采用16S rDNA特异片段的PCR-RFLP方法对烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci （Gennadius）不同生物型及米蛾Corcyra cephalonica （Stainton）共生菌Wolbachia进行了检测与分型分析。基于wsp基因对烟粉虱共生菌B组Wolbachia以及米蛾共生菌Wolbachia进行了系统树分析,并对相应的Wolbachia16S rDNA特异片段进行了克隆、测序以及序列比对。结果表明:16S rDNA的特异片段经NheⅠ酶切后RFLP图谱可有效检测与鉴别Wolbachia。烟粉虱共生菌Wolbachia的16S rDNA特异片段经VspⅠ酶切后可得到预期RFLP图谱,而米蛾共生菌B组Wolbachia （基于wsp序列分析为B组）则产生不同的RFLP图谱。序列分析表明,Nauru型烟粉虱体内B组Wolbachia的16S rDNA片段序列与已知B组Wolbachia对应序列（DQ278884）同源性为100%;米蛾体内B组Wolbachia 16S rDNA特异片段有碱基变异,并存在于VspⅠ识别位点内,这是导致VspⅠ酶切后RFLP图谱不同的原因。结果提示,B组Wolbachia 16S rDNA特异片段经VspⅠ酶切的RFLP图谱存在多态性。本研究结果可为今后Wolbachia的检测与分型提供借鉴。     

Identification of Lactobacillus alimentarius and Lactobacillus farciminis with 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region polymorphism and PCR amplification using species-specific oligonucleotide

AIMS: The restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method was used to differentiate Lactobacillus species having closely related identities in the 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region (ISR). Species-specific primers for Lact. farciminis and Lact. alimentarius were designed and allowed rapid identification of these species. METHODS AND RESULTS: The 16S-23S rDNA spacer region was amplified by primers tAla and 23S/p10, then digested by HinfI and TaqI enzymes and analysed by electrophoresis. Digestion by HinfI was not sufficient to differentiate Lact. sakei, Lact. curvatus, Lact. farciminis, Lact. alimentarius, Lact. plantarum and Lact. paraplantarum. In contrast, digestion carried out by TaqI revealed five different patterns allowing these species to be distinguished, except for Lact. plantarum from Lact. paraplantarum. The 16S-23S rDNA spacer region of Lact. farciminis and Lact. alimentarius were amplified and then cloned into vector pCR(R)2.1 and sequenced. The DNA sequences obtained were analysed and species-specific primers were designed from these sequences. The specificity of these primers was positively demonstrated as no response was obtained for 14 other species tested. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The species-specific primers for Lact. farciminis and Lact. alimentarius were shown to be useful for identifying these species among other lactobacilli. The RFLP profile obtained upon digestion with HinfI and TaqI enzymes can be used to discriminate Lact. farciminis, Lact. alimentarius, Lact. sakei, Lact. curvatus and Lact. plantarum. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: In this paper, we have established the first species-specific primer for PCR identification of Lact. farciminis and Lact. alimentarius. Both species-specific primer and RFLP, could be used as tools for rapid identification of lactobacilli up to species level.     

新疆地区盐湖的中度嗜盐菌16S rDNA全序列及DNA同源性分析

通过数值分类和16S rDNA PCR-RFLP分析,对分离自新疆地区的中度嗜盐革兰氏阴性菌进行研究,发现了一个新类群。在此基础上,进行了中心株AI－3的16S rDNA全序列分析,并与中度嗜盐菌已知种和相关种进行比较,得到系统发育树状图。在此树状图中,大多数参比菌株聚在一起,其16S rDNA全序列的同源性在96％以上,而AI－3与参比菌株的16S rDNA全序列相比,其相似性低于75％。但是,AI－3与Alcanivorax borkumensis^[1]的16S rDNA全序列的相似性为96％,与Halobacillus litoralis的16S rDNA全序列的相似性为99％,三者构成一个独立的发育分支。这说明在系统发育上,AI－3与参比菌株属于不同的分支,是一个新的类群。在新类群内,菌株之间的DNA同源性大于70％,而中心株AI－3与标准菌株伸长盐单胞菌（Halomonas elongata)的DNA同源性为44％,表明新分离的菌株可能构成一个新种群。     

沙坡头地区根瘤菌DNA同源性及16SrDNA全序列

数值分类和多位点酶电泳分析表明,分离自宁夏沙坡头 地区的12株根瘤菌构成一个独立的表观群。对这一菌群进行了DNA同源性和群内中心菌株1 6SrDNA全序列分析。12个菌株的G+C mol%在56.4～62.2范围内;群内DNA同源性为72.3% ～9.5%,大于70%,属种内水平;中心株N220的16SrDNA全序列与参比菌株的序列比较,从 模拟系统发育树看出,它与三株土壤杆菌、三株根瘤菌的16SrDNA序列同源性在94.8%～99 .2%的相似性水平上构成一个分支,看来沙坡头地区这群根瘤菌是一个独立的新种群。     

基于18S rDNA与ITS-5.8S rDNA对 重庆地区网状车轮虫的种内分化研究

本研究基于形态和分子数据对采自重庆地区5个地理株系的网状车轮虫(Trichodina reticulata)进行了比较研究及重描述。研究结果表明,网状车轮虫不同株系表现出不同的表型分化,含形态略有不同的齿体及有或无中央颗粒,因而具有明显的种内形态多样性。不同地理株系网状车轮虫的18S rDNA序列相似度在99.0%~100%之间,遗传距离为0.000~0.008,并在三大变异区(V4、V5与V7)均具一致的二级结构,表明不同株系的18Sr DNA相似度与遗传距离均属种内水平。综合18SrDNA和ITS-5.8S rDNA的变异位点和系统发育对种内分歧的研究分析显示,来自不同地理分布和宿主的网状车轮虫株系皆因相同的变异位点而聚为一枝,以此推断网状车轮虫的种内分化主要受其基因的影响,地理分布与宿主差异等环境影响在目前的种群分化阶段暂未突显。此外,本研究进一步验证了中央颗粒不能作为网状车轮虫的主要鉴别性特征的观点。     

Characterization of Thermophilic Proteolytic Spore-Forming Bacteria from a Geothermal Site in Lithuania Based on 16S rDNA RFLP and ITS-PCR Analyses1

Forty-two strains of gram-positive, aerobic, heterotrophic, obligately thermophilic, spore-forming bacteria were isolated from a geothermal site near the Baltic Sea in Lithuania. All of the strains were able to hydrolyze collagen and/or casein. Since characteristics of proteolytic activity are correlated with taxonomic positions of bacteria, the strains were grouped on the basis of molecular biological analyses. On the basis of RFLP patterns of 16S rDNA and 16S–23S rDNA ITS-PCR analysis, the strains were subdivided into nine groups.