中国梧桐科植物的种类及其经济意义

<正> 梧桐科是锦葵目的一个多型的科,约有68属1100种,主要分布在热带、亚热带地区,只有极少数种类可分布到温带地区。 中国梧桐科植物,连栽培的种类在内,共有22属87种3变种,其分布范围一般不超过长江以北,并以北回归线以南分布最盛,只梧桐(Firmiana simplex(Linn.)F. W. Wight)可栽培至华北和西北各省。计有: 苹婆属(Sterculia)23种1变种;翅苹婆属(Pterygota)1种;梧桐属(Firmiana)3种;火桐属(Erythropsis)3种;胖大海属(Scaphium)2种(栽培);银叶树属(Heritiera)3种;滇桐属(Craigia)2种;鹧鸪麻属(Kleinhovia)1种;梭罗树属(Reevesia)14种,山芝麻属(Helicteres)g种;     

江苏沿海地区原色种子植物志——裸子植物和双子叶植物离瓣花类（精装，全彩）

本书共收录江苏沿海地区分布的种子植物86科（其中裸子植物7科,双子叶植物离瓣花类79科）,共302属、527种、49变种、38个栽培变种和8个变型。它是作者对江苏沿海地区植物多年进行实地调查和图片采集后编著而成的。主要内容包括分布于江苏沿海地区的植物科、属、种的检索表,对植物典型特征描述以及生境和主要功能介绍,并配有大量植物原色形态特征图片,     

甘肃忍冬科植物区系地理

对甘肃产忍冬科植物8属59种8变种及3亚种（不包括引种栽培的1属和3种）*进行了统计,并计算甘肃与邻近省的相似性系数,与陕西省的最大,为0．41;而与西藏的为最小,仅为0．14。陇南西部河谷亚热带湿润区和陇南北部暖温带区是甘肃产忍冬科植物种类最为丰富的地区。同时,对甘肃产忍冬科植物进行了属、种分布区类型的划分,属的分布区类型可划分为：旧世界温带分布、温带亚洲分布、东亚分布和中国特有4个类型。种的分布类型可划分为：中国特有、东亚分布、温带亚洲分布和旧世界温带分布。从该科植物在甘肃的分布来看,绝大多数种类都不超过中国4个植物亚区在甘肃的交汇点,与中国植物区划基本相符,并可确切说此交汇点应在兰州的永登县附近。     

横断山地区兰科植物区系的研究

兰科在横断山地区是维管束植物中的大科之一,共有91属,363种及9变种。 4属为我国特有属,其中1属为本地区所特有;155种及9变种为我国特有种。 其中69种及5变种为本地区所 特有。本文对属、种进行了分析,并对全部种的分布格局作了详细的介绍,概述了本地区兰科植物的区系组成及特点。本文从兰科植物属、种的分布提出了四川峨眉山是东亚植物区中划分中国-喜马拉雅植物亚区和中国-日本植物亚区的分界线上的一个重要的点的看法。     

北京山区野生维管束植物区系

在北京山区共有高等植物1166种(含变种、变型),隶属于122科、503属;其中蕨类植物17科、26属、62种(变种),裸子植物3科、7属、7种;双子叶植物88科、371属、863种(变种);单子叶植物14科、99属、234种(变种)。优势科属的统计表明,本区维管束植物一方面集中于菊科、蔷薇科等一些世界性大科之中,同时又向少种科、单种科分散。在北京山区共调查到1个单种科,6个单属科。本区分布的单种属和寡种属共72个,其中单种属有31个。种子植物属的分布区类型占有全国植物科的15个分布区类型,以温带成分的属为主,其占种子植物总属数的55.34%;其次是泛热带分布类型,共计60属,占总属12.6%,中国特有分布的属有11属,占总属数的2.31%,所占比例较小。     

中国横断山区及其邻近地区贝母属的研究（二）

本文对横断山区及其邻近地区内除川贝母Fritillaria cirrhosa和其近缘种以外的贝母属植物进行了修订。确认该地区有贝母属植物8种和1变种,新归并4种、6变种、1变型和1栽培变种。     

中国横断山及其邻近地区贝母属的研究(二)

本文对横断山区及其邻近地区内除川贝母Fritillaria cirrhosa和其近缘种以外的贝母属植物进行了修订。确认该地区有贝母属植物8种和l变种,新归并4种、6变种、l变型和1栽培变种。     

子午岭种子植物区系分析

子午岭林区计有种子植物94科361属689种。其中裸子植物3科8属10种1变种;被子植物91科353属678种。中国特有属8个,特有种271个,子午岭特有种1个。其种子植物区系的基本特征是：植物种类相对丰富;区系成分复杂,多种成分交汇;区系组成以华北成分为主体,以温带成分占优势;南北区系成分存在差异,垂直分布带谱不明显;在中国植物区系上隶属于泛北极植物区中国-日本森林植物亚区的华北地区黄土高原植物亚地区。     

秦岭地区有毒植物资源与利用概述

首次对秦岭地区有毒植物资源情况进行了研究.秦岭地区共有有毒植物85科257属409种1亚种18变种1变型.从本地区有毒植物生活型、分布范围、毒性以及资源利用情况等方面作了概述,最后对秦岭地区有毒植物资源利用及保护提出了一些建议.     

广西滨海湿地盐生维管植物区系研究

基于野外实际调查及参考相关文献资料, 对广西滨海湿地盐生维管植物及其区系进行研究, 结果表明: (1) 广西滨海湿地盐生维管植物有36 科63 属77 种, 含2 变种, 其中引种或栽培的5 科5 属5 种, 相比其他省份种类相对较少。(2) 种子植物区系地理成分较复杂、热带性质明显, 科的分布有4 个类型和2 个亚型, 属的分布有7 个类型和3个亚型。(3) 草本植物发达, 红树林植物及其伴生种为重要组成部分。(4) 单种科、单种属多, 无特有现象。     

番荔枝科的地理分布

番荔枝科的地理分布陈伟球（中国科学院华南植物研究所,广州５１０６５０）关键词番荔枝科;地理分布ＴＨＥＧＥＯＧＲＡＰＨＩＣＡＬＤＩＳＴＲＩＢＵＴＩＯＮＯＦＴＨＥＡＮＮＯＮＡＣＥＡＥ￥ＣｈｅｎＷｅｉｃｈｉｕ（ＳｏｕｔｈＣｈｉｎａＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＢｏ...     

The Geographical Distribution of the Subfamily Cyrtandroideae Endl. Emend. Burtt (Gesneriaceae)

Based on Burtts classification and relevant references, the geographical distribution of the subfamily Cyrtandroideae Endl. emend. Burtt is outlined, distribution maps of 79 genera are provided, and some evolutionary trends of the taxa are inferred. The main points may be summarized as follows:1. The centre of distribution The Cyrtandroideae consists of four tribes, 79 genera and about 1770 species, widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the Old World, ranging from Guinea eastwards to Nukuhiva Islands and from Western Bulgaria southwards to Southern Natal, with only one species disjunctly occurring in tropical America. According to Takhtajans (1978) regionalization of the world flora, and referring to Goods (1974) and Wus (1979) scheme, the distribution patterns of Cyrtandroideae may be generalized as: (1) Pantropics, with 3 genera; (2) Palaeotropics, with 47 genera; and (3) North Temperate, with 27 genera. Tropical Asia (Indo Malaysia) is the centre of variation and diversity of the Cyrtandroideae, where the most primitive taxa, with the chromosome number of n=8 or n=9, and all of the four tribes exist, and where more genera(50) and species (1200 odd) are found than elsewhere. Among the four tribes of the Cyrtandroideae, only two tribes are distributed west of India. Three European genera with six species, confined to the Mediterranean, belong to one tribe, Didymocarpeae. Of 10 African and Madagascar genera, 9(7 endemic) belong to Trib. Didymocarpeae, 1 to Trib. Klugieae, and a11 of 168 African and Mada gascar species are not outside both of these regions. 2. Disjunct distribution and dispersal In Trib. Klugieae, two species of Epithema are found disjunctly in west Africa, and one species of Rhynchoglossum, R. azureum, is disjunct in tropical America, from southern Mexico to northern Peru. Their closely allied species and neighbouring genera are in tropical Asia. Rhynchoglossun azureum has a close relationship with R. notonianum, which is located in India and Sri Lanka, so it is hypothesized that Rhyncho glossum existed in north Africa, where there were tropical rain forests similar to those in Malaysia during the Tertiary. The author noticed that seeds of R. obliquum from tropical areas of southern Yunnan can still germinate after seven months at normal temperature. Most seeds of this genus are not only long lived but very tiny (0.3～0.4 mm long), and can be dispersed by wind or birds (epizoochore through the agency of mucus). One or two species of Rhipsalis in Cactaceae was carried by birds from south America to Madagascar, the Mascarene Islands and Sri Lanka at an early period. This example indicates the possibility of this means of distribution. More than 200 species from the volcanic islands of the Polynesian region, including the Hawaiian Islands,all belonging to Cyrtandra, were obviously spread by birds from tropical Asia during an earllier period. The distribution of two species of Boea and one species of Cyrtandra in northeast Queensland shows that some early taxa of the genera entered Yorke Peninsua from New Guinea when the sea level was lower during the Quaternary glaciations The modern vicarious distribution patterns of the two subfamilies indicate that the main taxa of the family were produced during the course of the continental drift and the climatic and environmental changes. According to the principle of common origin, the ancestor of Gesneriaceae appeared most probably not later than the late Cretaceous, and might be traced back to the Mid Cretaceous. 3. Some problems about evolutionary tendencies In general, the actinomorphic corolla precedes the bilabiate one, and the flower with stamens all fertile precedes those with 1 or 3 staminodes (Ivanina, 1965; Wang, 1989、 1992). In some diandrous genera of Cyrtandroideae, 4 or 5 fertile stamens may occur exceptionally, and are associated with a more or less regular corolla. The exceptional appearances may possibly be atavistic, not representing the main evolutionary tendencies. In the genus Aeschynanthus, pollen grains of Sect. Haplotrichum and Sect. Diplotrichum, whose corollas usually have indistinct bilabiate limbs, are comparatively small, but large in sections Microtrichium, Xanthanthos and Aeschynanthus, whose corollas have distinct bilabiate limbs. 4. The relationships of the four tribes he tribes Cyrtandreae, Trichosporeae and Didymocarpeae are closely related (Kvist and Pedersen, 1986). Some terrestrial plants of Trib. Trichosporeae (e.g.Anna and Lysionotus Sect. Didymocarpoides), in which the seeds have subulate appendages at their ends, may represent the intermediate links between tribes Didymocarpeae and Trichosporea.Boeica and Hexatheca form natural links between the tribes Cyrtandreae and Didymocarpeae. The tribes Didymocarpeae and Klugieae probably originated from a common ancestor at an early stage in the evolution of the family.     

木兰科（Magnoliaceae）的起源、进化和地理分布

木兰科为亚洲－美洲间断分布科,全世界有１５属,２４６种,主要分布于亚洲东南部的热带、亚热带地区,从喜马拉雅至日本,向南达新几内亚及新不列颠;少数种类分布于北美东南部、中美至南美巴西．中国有１１属,约９９种．木兰科的现代分布中心在东亚－东南亚地区．根据木兰科的化石记录、系统发育和现代分布,推测其起源时间为早白垩纪,甚至更早．起源地可能在中国的西南地区,并由此向外辐射,向东经日本、俄罗斯远东地区经白令陆桥进入北美;向西经西亚、欧洲,通过格陵兰进入北美,然后到达南美;向南经印度支那、马来西亚,直至新几内亚．东亚－北美间断分布的形成是受第四纪冰期的影响;南美的木兰科是从北美迁移而来．     

木兰科（Magnoliaceae）的起源、进化和地理分布

木兰科为亚洲－美洲间断分布科,全世界有１５属,２４６种,主要分布于亚洲东南部的热带、亚热带地区,从喜马拉雅至日本,向南达新几内亚及新不列颠;少数种类分布于北美东南部、中美至南美巴西．中国有１１属,约９９种．木兰科的现代分布中心在东亚－东南亚地区．根据木兰科的化石记录、系统发育和现代分布,推测其起源时间为早白垩纪,甚至更早．起源地可能在中国的西南地区,并由此向外辐射,向东经日本、俄罗斯远东地区经白令陆桥进入北美;向西经西亚、欧洲,通过格陵兰进入北美,然后到达南美;向南经印度支那、马来西亚,直至新几内亚．东亚－北美间断分布的形成是受第四纪冰期的影响;南美的木兰科是从北美迁移而来．     

棕榈科植物的地理分布

棕榈科是一个泛热带分布的科,共有１９８属,约２６７０种,下分６亚科,１４族。贝叶棕族是最原始的族,低地榈族则最进化。本科植物在世界上的分布可划分为１３个区,其中以印度－马来西区和新热带区的属、种最多。中国只有１６属和８５种,没有特有属。这些种大部分属热带亚洲分布,与热带亚洲植物区系关系非常密切。关于棕榈科起源地问题,有西冈瓦纳起源和劳亚起源之说。根据化石记录和形态特征的分析,棕榈科很可能于早白垩纪     

中国小煤炱目生态及区系成分分析

对中国小煤炱目的的种类组成、生态分布及寄主和区系地理成分进行了研究。中国小煤炱目有7属,341种和变种,占世界的15％;优势属是小煤炱属（239种和变种,占70．1％）,小光壳炱属（54种和变种,占15．8％）和附丝壳属（22种和变种,6．4％）。中国小煤炱目主要分布在热带亚热带地区,76．8％的寄主植物属属于热带成分。种的分布型可分广布成分（0．3％）、泛热带成分（7．3％）、热带亚洲－热带美洲成分（9．1％）、旧世界热带成分（0．3％）、热带亚洲－热带大洋洲成分（2．1％）、热带亚洲－热带非洲成分（16．1％）、热带亚洲成分（34％）、北温带成分（0．6％）、东亚－北美洲成分（0．3％）、东亚成分（1．7％）、中国特有成分（28．2％）等11种类型;表现出明显的热带成分（68．9％）和中国特有成分;在分布上,与东亚、北温带区系相距较远。     

楝科（Meliaceae）的地理分布

楝科为泛热带分布科,全世界有５１属,约５５０—６００种,分布于旧世界热带地区有４６属,热带美洲有８属．热带亚洲和热带非洲为楝科两大现代分布中心．中国楝科共１５属,６１种,占世界属总数的２９％,种总数的１０％。中国楝科的分布是在全球楝科分布区的边缘,主要分布于中国西南部及南部诸省,种类由西南向东南递减。中国楝科属的分布区类型可归为５类：１．热带亚洲、非洲和中南美洲间断分布（１属）;２．旧世界热带分布（３属）;３,热带亚洲至热带大洋洲分布（２属）;４．热带亚洲至热带非洲分布（１属）;５．热带亚洲分布（８属）。中国楝科种的分布区类型仅有２类：１．热带亚洲分布（３１种）;２．中国特有分布（３０种）。楝科植物的起源推断在早白垩纪。中国楝科植物由印度—马来西亚成分及特有成分组成。热带亚洲的楝科植物主要是通过中南半岛和中国云南。广西和海南等地发生联系,而菲律宾和台湾之间可有直接的联系。     

Historical biogeography of the coffee family (Rubiaceae,Gentianales) in Madagascar: case studies from the tribes Knoxieae,Naucleeae, Paederieae and Vanguerieae

Aim In Madagascar the family Rubiaceae includes an estimated 650 species representing 95 genera. As many as 98% of the species and 30% of the genera are endemic. Several factors make the Rubiaceae a model system for developing an understanding of the origins of the Malagasy flora. Ancestral area distributions are explicitly reconstructed for four tribes (Knoxieae, Naucleeae, Paederieae and Vanguerieae) with the aim of understanding how many times, and from where, these groups have originated in Madagascar. Location Indian Ocean Basin, with a focus on Madagascar. Methods Bayesian phylogenetic analyses are conducted on the four tribes. The results are used for reconstructing ancestral areas using dispersal–vicariance analyses. Phylogenetic uncertainties in the reconstructions are accounted for by conducting all analyses on the posterior distribution from the analyses. Results Altogether, 11 arrivals in Madagascar (one in Paederieae, five in Knoxieae, three in Vanguerieae, and two in Naucleeae) are reconstructed. The most common pattern is a dispersal event (followed by vicariance) from Eastern Tropical Africa. The Naucleeae and Paederieae in Madagascar differ and originate from Asia. Numerous out‐of‐Madagascar dispersals, mainly in the dioecious Vanguerieae, are reconstructed. Main conclusions The four tribes arrived several times in Madagascar via dispersal events from Eastern Tropical Africa, Southern Africa and Tropical Asia. The presence of monophyletic groups that include a number of species only found in Madagascar indicates that much endemism in the tribes results from speciation events occurring well after their arrival in Madagascar. Madagascar is the source of origin for almost all Rubiaceae found on the neighbouring islands of the Comoros, Mascarenes and Seychelles.     

姜科植物地理

本文讨论了姜科的分类系统、起源、进化和地理分布．姜科为一还热带分布科,按Ｂｕｒｔｔ［８］的系统分２亚科４族．全世界有５２属,约１３７７种,其中姜亚科含４８属,１２６８种．主要分布于热带亚洲．其现代分布中心在印度－马来西亚。闭鞘姜亚科含４属,１０９种,主要分布于热带美洲及非洲。本文在化石资料及现代分布资料的基础上,讨论了姜科的早期分化时间、地点及现代分布格局形成。化石记录表明．欧洲、北美及印度的白垩纪、早第三纪均发现过姜科的化石,据此姜科植物的起源时间应不晚于早白垩纪。姜亚科的早期分化中心推论在劳亚古陆的南部．欧洲和北美没有现代姜科的分布是因为第三纪冰期的影响．而亚洲热带地区现代姜科植物繁盛是因为气候适宜．且相对稳定所致．南美的姜亚科种类应是由非洲传人．而大洋洲的姜亚科种类则是由马来西亚传入．闭鞘姜亚科的早期分化中心推论在西冈瓦纳古陆．亚洲及大洋洲的闭鞘姜亚科的种类应是随印度板块飘向亚洲时传入。中国姜科植物有２２属．２０９种（占全世界属的４２％．种的１５％）．主要分布于马来西亚亚区（占全国属的９０％）．其次为中国喜马拉雅亚区（占全国属的６８％）。最少为中国－日本亚区（占全国属的４５％）。统计数字表明．马来西亚     

中国豆科植物分类系统概览

豆科是被子植物中继兰科和菊科之后的第三大科,其中包括三个亚科:即云实亚科、含羞草亚科和蝶形花亚科.本文根据最新资料,整理出世界豆科有42族、634属、17 834种,中国有33族、169属、1 518种(另外含15亚种、167变种和41变型),其中外来种158种(含亚种和变种,隶属于73属).为建立中国豆科植物数据库,本文在Polhill豆科植物分类系统的基础上,结合一些新的资料,提出中国豆科植物系统概要.文中按分类等级进行排序,每一属含有世界和中国种数及分布.