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影响灰脸鵟鹰巢址选择的主要生态因素 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
1996~1997年,在吉林省左家自然保护区及土门岭地带对灰脸鵟鹰(Butastur indicus)的巢树和巢址特点进行了系统研究。运用逐步判别分析的方法,通过对因子进入判别方程的先后顺序检测因子的重要性,通过对Wilk’sλ值的检测确定各因子对判别模型的贡献率,根据生态因子的重要性和贡献率大小确定影响灰脸鵟鹰巢址选择的主要生态因素。两年共观测灰脸鵟鹰的巢址12处,其中83.3%(n=10)位于山坡的上部位置,66.7%(n=8)位于山北坡;在灰脸鵟鹰所利用的巢树中,松科(Pinaceae)植物占的比例最大,为75%(n=9)。逐步判别分析结果表明,胸径大于30cm乔木的基面积、针叶林的基面积和灌木数量等生态因子是影响灰脸鵟鹰巢址选择的主要生态因素。 相似文献
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对12个隼形目物种CHD基因的一段内含子序列进行比较和分析。CHD-W和CHD-Z基因的多态性存在差异,CHD-W基因不适合系统发生学的研究。通过对CHD-Z基因扩增序列构建的NJ和MP树,结果显示隼科鸟类与鹰科和鹳科鸟类关系较远,与传统形态分类和和鸟类新的分类系统不一致。在白腹鹞的分类地位上与传统形态学分类不一致,将白腹鹞归入鹰属一支。NJ树显示鸢属(黑鸢)与鵟属(毛脚鵟)亲缘关系较近,MP树显示鵟鹰属(灰脸鵟鹰)与鵟属(毛脚鵟)亲缘关系较近。NJ和MP树都显示雕属(金雕)和鹰雕属(鹰雕)与其他鹰科各属亲缘关系较远。 相似文献
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近几年来,著者在进行金堂地区鸟类资源调查过程中,发现下列5种另1亚种是四川鸟类新纪录。量度单位:体重(克),长度(毫米)。1.灰脸鵟鹰Butastur indicus(Gmelin)1985年9月13日采于金堂盐井乡三岔村,海拔约850米。1986年10月4日又在盐井乡老牛坡采得1只。两地均属龙泉山脉,该鸟在金堂属旅鸟。2♀,体重580、540,体长430、410,翼长333、317,嘴峰30、28,尾长205、191,跗蹠60、52。头顶及后颈均棕褐色,各羽有黑色干纹。眼先灰白,耳羽、颊暗灰。尾上复羽灰褐具白端,尾下复羽纯白,尾羽灰褐具四道较宽阔的黑色横斑,末端灰白。2.长尾灰伯劳(指名亚种)… 相似文献
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2015年4~9月,采用焦点动物取样法,通过人工观察及监控设备记录,在青海省祁连县研究了2窝在人工巢中繁殖的大(鵟)(Buteo hemilasius)行为.构建了大(鵟)亲鸟及雏鸟在繁殖期的行为谱,将亲鸟繁殖期内的行为划分为12项30种,将雏鸟的行为划分为9项25种.研究发现,大(鵟)繁殖期开始于4月中下旬,持续至8月中旬结束,平均(112.0±2.0)d(n=2);将繁殖期划分为孵卵前期、孵卵期、育雏期及雏鸟成熟期.利用单因素方差分析(One-way ANOVA)比对了雌雄亲鸟之间,以及不同时期间亲鸟、雏鸟的行为时间分配.结果显示,(1)雌雄大(鵟)之间的行为时间分配在孵卵前期及孵卵期差异不显著(P>0.05),在育雏期及雏鸟成熟期差异显著(P<0.05).在这两个时期,雌性栖停行为所占比例显著高于雄性(P<0.01),而捕食行为占比显著低于雄性(P< 0.01).(2)雌性大(鵟)行为时间分配在不同时期均变化显著(P< 0.05),雄性大(鵟)行为时间分配在育雏期与雏鸟成熟期间差异不显著,其余各个时期间差异显著(P< 0.05).(3)大(鵟)雏鸟行为时间分配在育雏期与成熟期之间差异显著(P<0.05). 相似文献
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寿带(Terpsiphoneincei)是雀形目王鹟科的鸟类,在我国大部分地区均有分布。以往研究曾对我国部分地区寿带的繁殖习性进行了报道,但对其雌雄个体的形态类型缺少描述。为进一步了解寿带的繁殖习性及其雌雄个体的形态类型,本研究于2014至2017年每年的5至7月在河南董寨国家级自然保护区对其进行了观察。观察发现,寿带在董寨国家级自然保护区一般于5月下旬开始筑巢繁殖,雌雄亲鸟均参与筑巢、孵卵和育雏。寿带巢多位于刺槐(Robiniapseudoacacia)、麻栎(Quercus acutissima)、枫杨(Pterocarya stenoptera)等几种植物上,平均窝卵数(±SD)为(3.8±0.6)枚(n=25巢),孵卵期12~13 d(n=4巢),各巢卵的平均孵化率(±SD)为91.7%±17.7%(n=9巢),窝雏数(±SD)为(3.6±0.8)只(n=19巢),巢内育雏期约10 d,巢成功率为34.5%(n=29巢),弃巢和天敌捕食是巢失败的主要原因。寿带雌鸟具有栗色短尾型和栗色长尾型2种形态,而雄鸟具有栗色长尾型、白色长尾型和栗色短尾型3种常见形态,且雄鸟以栗色长尾型所占... 相似文献
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通采用人工调查, 测量的方法, 记录了董寨自然保护区内2016—2019年共计49个朱鹮巢穴各项数据, 通过分析获得朱鹮巢穴所在位置的气象因子、海拔、郁闭度、巢-觅距、干扰因素等因素与朱鹮窝卵数和繁殖成功率相互关系。结果表明: 董寨自然保护区自2016年野化放飞朱鹮到2019年止, 野外巢穴数量逐渐增加, 营巢区域不断扩大, 但营巢地点相对集中; 朱鹮选择筑巢树种多为马尾松, 选择频次显著高于黄山松(P < 0.05)。气象因子(温度和降水量)、朱鹮营巢地海拔、筑巢树种、营巢地林间郁闭度、巢—觅距及人为干扰因素并不影响朱鹮的窝卵数, 但营巢地海拔(P < 0.001)、巢—觅距(P = 0.001)显著影响朱鹮的繁殖成功率, 营巢地海拔越高, 巢—觅距越短, 朱鹮的繁殖成功率越高; 干扰因素中人为干扰对朱鹮繁殖成功率的影响比种间竞争和天敌大, 人为干扰强度越大, 朱鹮的繁殖成功率越低。朱鹮繁殖影响因子的研究为提高董寨自然保护区朱鹮野外繁殖成功率, 当地保护部门更好的保护野外朱鹮提供科学依据。 相似文献
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《生物学通报》2016,(10)
2013—2014年,河南董寨国家级自然保护区分别对野化训练的60只朱鹮进行放飞。采用卫星定位、无线电遥测和持续跟踪法对释放后的朱鹮进行监测。共监测到释放的朱鹮个体23只,活动面积约320 hm~2,最远扩散距离为(16.5±3.2)km,并形成了较为集中的6个不同数量活动及夜宿群体。发现3~5岁朱鹮野外存活比例较高,占放飞数量42.3%,雌鸟存活情况高于雄鸟。2014年、2015年分别有1对和6对朱鹮在野外繁殖,共产卵21枚,受精卵17枚,受精率为80.9%,出雏17只,成活出飞幼鸟15只,出飞率达88.2%。表明经过野化训练的朱鹮在大别山地区可以生存且繁殖成功。 相似文献
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为了了解保护区内外的白冠长尾雉繁殖生态,2014年3—7月在河南董寨国家级自然保护区和保护区外湖北平靖关村利用人工巢试验(以鸡蛋为诱饵)、红外相机技术和栖息地样方调查搜集巢捕食信息,对其巢捕食率、巢潜在捕食者和影响巢捕食的栖息地因子进行研究.两轮试验分别为繁殖期前期3—4月和繁殖期中期5—6月.试验共放置巢149个,其中红外相机监测62个,累计相机日1315个,拍摄照片7776张,视频6950个.结果表明: 保护区外(平靖关)巢捕食率高于保护区内(董寨),繁殖期前期和繁殖期中期保护区内外差异均极显著.平靖关捕食者种类数(11和6种)在繁殖期前期和中期均高于董寨(7和5种),平靖关捕食者比例较高的是啮齿类和鸦科鸟类,董寨捕食比例较高的是貉.平靖关坡度和乔木盖度对巢捕食影响显著,而董寨的落叶盖度对其影响显著.在红外监测的人工巢中共发现野生白冠长尾雉访问人工巢13巢18次. 相似文献
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2015—2018年,在北京百花山自然保护区,利用人工巢箱招引灰林鸮和北领角鸮繁殖。所制作的2种规格的巢箱,都能招引2种鸮形目鸟类进入繁殖,但在大巢箱中繁殖的更多。4年中,总计有21窝灰林鸮、11窝北领角鸮在巢箱中繁殖。灰林鸮3月上、中旬产卵,窝卵数平均2.9枚,孵卵期平均32.7 d,育雏期平均29.5 d;北领角鸮4月中、下旬产卵,窝卵数平均4.8枚,孵卵期平均30 d,育雏期平均26 d。灰林鸮会攻击巢箱中的北领角鸮,北领角鸮大多数选择在没有灰林鸮巢箱的山沟中繁殖。松鼠是巢箱的主要侵占者,造成猫头鹰不能进入巢箱繁殖;赤峰锦蛇会捕食巢箱中的北领角鸮雏鸟。 相似文献
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Nest‐site characteristics,breeding success and competitive interactions between two recently sympatric apex predators
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An influential period in avian life‐cycles is the annual breeding season, when competition over suitable nesting sites and territories is a key factor that can determine fitness and distribution, especially for species that are highly selective in their nesting habitats. We analysed nest‐site characteristics, breeding success and competitive interactions between two apex predator populations. Whereas the Short‐toed Eagle Circaetus gallicus has nested in the Judean Foothills (Israel) for a long time, the Long‐legged Buzzard Buteo rufinus has only invaded the nesting habitat of the Short‐toed Eagle during their breeding season in the last two decades. These two recently sympatric species have similar nesting ecology and frequently use the same nests. They are therefore expected to compete over nesting sites and territories. We analysed interspecific interactions between these two species by combining information from comprehensive observational, experimental, GIS analysis and remote sensing data, deriving 65 variables to characterize the nest‐sites used and the breeding success in 381 breeding attempts over four consecutive breeding seasons. To assess interspecific and intraspecific territorial behaviour and aggressiveness, stuffed Long‐legged Buzzards and Short‐toed Eagles were presented close to nests. Nest‐site characteristics overlapped substantially between species, and Long‐legged Buzzards occupied 21% of all Short‐toed Eagle nests. Intraspecific aggression rates among Long‐legged Buzzards were higher than their interspecific aggression rates with Short‐toed Eagles and also higher than intraspecific aggression among Short‐toed Eagles. Long‐legged Buzzard and Short‐toed Eagle breeding densities (1.59 ± 0.11 and 2.96 ± 0.11 pairs per 10 km2, respectively) are likely to be the highest across their respective breeding distributions, with a maximum productivity of 0.96 ± 0.01 and 0.56 ± 0.05 (young fledged/breeding pair) for Long‐legged Buzzard and Short‐toed Eagle, respectively. Intraspecific interactions among both species play an important role in determining their breeding success and the spatial distribution of nesting sites. Our results suggest that interspecific competition over nesting sites and territories between both species, and the potential dominance of Long‐legged Buzzard, has both direct and indirect impacts on the spatial and demographic distribution of Short‐toed Eagles due to the recent establishment of Long‐legged Buzzard territories in the Judean breeding area. 相似文献
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Palmer, N. G., Norton, P. M. & Robertson, A. S. 1985. Aspects of the biology of the Forest Buzzard, Ostrich 56: 67–73. Aspects of the biology of the Forest Buzzard Buteo oreophilus in the southern Cape Province were studied. Information was obtained from eight nests, one of which was visited several times during the nesting period, and from a hand-reared free-living bird. Details of nest structure and locality, egg measurements, hatching period (late October to early December), nestling period (50 days ± 5 days), food intake, growth rate and development are given. Probable Cainism was observed at one nest; prey remains collected from this nest included rodents, moles, birds, snakes and insects. The use of pine trees for nesting is discussed. 相似文献
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Abbas Ashoori Hamid Reza Rezaiee Abdolrassoul Salman Mahiny 《Zoology in the Middle East.》2017,63(4):283-290
Breeding ecology of the Black-crowned Night Heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) was studied in a mono-specific colony in the Anzali wetland, Northern Iran during the breeding season of 2016. The breeding period lasted from mid-May to late July. The average clutch size was 3.1±0.6 eggs and the breeding success 77.6%. No significant differences were found between nests built on trunks and those built on branches of trees. The clutch size and breeding success appeared to be independent of the structural variables of the nesting site (diameter of trees, height from the ground, height of nests from the canopy, nest number per tree, location of nests on trunks and branches). No significant difference was found between the timing of the start of incubation and the height of nests above the ground. The average vertical and horizontal distances between nests was one metre. Fish, particularly Carassius gibelio, dominated the diet of the nestlings. 相似文献
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Buzzard density and breeding success in relation to habitat and Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus abundance was studied in the West Midlands from 1994 to 1996. We found densities of 81 and 22 territorial pairs per 100 km2 in two areas 40 km apart; the former is the highest density yet recorded in Europe. High Buzzard breeding densities were associated with high proportions of unimproved pasture and mature woodland within estimated territories. Buzzards laid earlier clutches at lower altitudes and with high proportions of unimproved pasture close to nests. Large clutches and high numbers of fledged young were associated with high Rabbit abundance close to nests. Most nest failures occurred during incubation and were probably mainly due to corvid predation. Brood reduction was associated with low proportions of deciduous woodland close to nests and small clutch sizes, although the causes of chick mortality were uncertain. Rabbits were the main prey item found at nests with passerines, especially young corvids, also appearing frequently. 相似文献
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The selection of a suitable nest‐site is critical for successful reproduction. Species' preferences for nest‐sites have presumably evolved in relation to local habitat resources and/or interactions with other species. The importance of these two components in the nest‐site selection of the Eurasian Honey Buzzard Pernis apivorus was assessed in two study areas in eastern Austria. There was almost no difference in macro‐ and micro‐habitat features between nest‐sites and random plots, suggesting that Honey Buzzards did not base their choice of nest‐site on habitat characteristics. However, nests were placed significantly further from nests of Northern Goshawk Accipiter gentilis than would be expected if nest‐sites had been chosen at random. Furthermore, in one study area Honey Buzzards appeared to favour areas close to human settlements, perhaps indicating a mechanism to avoid Goshawks, which tend to avoid the proximity of humans. No habitat variable was significantly associated with the loss of Honey Buzzard young, but predation was higher in territories closer to breeding pairs of Goshawks at both study sites. Although Honey Buzzards are restricted to nesting in forests, their choice of nest‐site therefore appears to be largely dictated by the distribution of predators. Studies of habitat association may yield misleading results if the effects of predation risk on distribution are not considered. 相似文献
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《Bird Study》2012,59(3):425-429
ABSTRACTThis paper reports the first case of predation on the nests of Asian Hornet Vespa velutina by the European Honey Buzzard Pernis apivorus, as well as the use of this resource by a breeding pair to provision their nestlings. The Asian Hornet is listed among the 100 most invasive alien species and is expanding in Western Europe. Our finding opens the door to a number of questions, including the effects of this additional allochthonous resource on the European Honey Buzzard populations, as well as the potential of this raptor as a biocontrol agent. 相似文献
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北红尾鸲(Phoenicurus auroreus)是一种分布广泛的小型雀形目鸟类,主要分布于南亚东北部,东南亚北部、东亚及俄罗斯等地区,我国东北、华北、华中至西南等地也均有分布,是重要的食虫益鸟。为探究北红尾鸲巢址选择的影响因素,找到影响北红尾鸲繁殖成功率的主要巢址因子,于2017年4—7月,在辽宁仙人洞国家级自然保护区开展系统研究。共发现北红尾鸲自然巢44个,其中29巢繁殖成功,15巢繁殖失败。北红尾鸲主要筑巢于石墙缝、空心砖墙缝及废旧电表箱中。巢址参数的主成分分析结果表明:巢口因子(27.738%)、巢位因子(14.195%)、光照因子(12.145%)、人为干扰因子(10.440%)、安全因子(9.266%)和隐蔽因子(7.187%)是影响北红尾鸲巢址选择的重要因子。采用二元逻辑斯蒂回归分析繁殖成功巢与失败巢参数发现,成功巢的巢口最大高度显著小于失败巢(P=0.047),且其距顶的距离更近(P=0.043)。多元线性回归分析表明,巢上方盖度对繁殖成功率有极显著影响(t=2.883,P=0.009)。总的来说,北红尾鸲虽偏爱筑巢于人为干扰较大的村庄房屋附近,但较小的巢口能有效避免巢捕食者的捕食,更近的距顶距离和更大的巢上方盖度能有效降低巢上方的可视程度和降水等不利因素的影响,从而提高繁殖成功率。 相似文献
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2010年和2011年3月-6月,对内蒙古达赉湖国家级保护区达赉湖西岸地区大鵟(Buteo hemilasius)的巢穴结构和巢址选择因子进行了调查研究.采用野外观察和样方法定位了13个大鵟巢址,并对巢址样方的20个生态因子进行测量,运用主成分分析法对影响大鵟巢址选择的主要因子进行了分析.测量显示,大鵟巢穴的基本结构特征为:外径(94.7+4.2) cm;巢高度(46.1±2.7) cm;内径(24.8±1.5)cm;巢深(14.0±+0.9)cm.生境因子分析结果表明,达赉湖西岸地区大鵟的巢集中分布在湖岸或水塘附近的悬崖,营巢点坡度为15°-45°之间的阳坡或半阳坡;隐蔽度高于20%;草本密度大于5株/m2;植被均高大于30cm;巢距悬崖上部距离2-5m;距水源l00m以内;距居民点距离大于lkm;距草原道路的距离大于0.5km;而对于物种丰富度没有特殊要求.主成分分析显示,影响大鵟巢址选择的主要因子有3个,依次为:隐蔽性因子(主要包括巢址区域的植物特征和地形特征)、干扰因子和食物因子.各主成分中,相对系数绝对值最高的变量依次是:植被盖度、距居民点距离、巢的高度和距草原道路距离. 相似文献
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CapsuleTwo populations of the Eastern Great Reed Warblers, one close to settlements and one far away, differed mainly in nest losses which were higher at the latter site. Aims To compare the breeding ecology of two Japanese populations, and with breeding data from Polish sites. Methods We studied two sites in 1996. The Seimei site comprises a natural reed-bed (Phragmites australis) (2.0 ha) c. 2 km from residential areas. The Sakura site occurs as smaller reed-bed (0.8 ha) close to residential areas. Field study comprised mainly nest searching and nest monitoring. Results Breeding density, nest height, number of stems supporting nest, clutch size and brood size were not significantly different between sites. The proportion of nests built on reed stems standing in the water (60%) was significantly higher at the Seimei site (P < 0.001), and the warblers in this habitat experienced significantly higher nesting failure (P < 0.05). Predation was a principal cause of failure at both sites. Significantly more nests suffered from predation at Seimei (53%) than at Sakura (16%). Breeding density was higher at both sites compared with European populations but it fell within ranges of other Japanese populations. Mean first-egg date of first brood does not differ between our sites and Polish ones. Conclusion The differences between the two Japanese populations and between Japanese and Polish populations were relatively small and were seen mainly in nest losses, breeding density and proportion of nests built over water. 相似文献