Revision of the genus Stentor Oken (Protozoa, Ciliophora) and description of S.araucanus nov. spec, from South American lakes

Stentor is a heterolrich ciliate which often forms lawn-likecovers on the bottom and/or blooms in the pelagial of lakesworldwide. The species involved in these spectacular eventswere usually either not determined or misidentified becausethe keys are outdated and incomplete. Thus, we have revisedthe nominal species described since the first major revisionby Ehrenberg (1838). Main species characteristics are the presence/absenceof symbiotic algae, the shape of the macronucleus and the colourof the cortical pigment granules. The last character mentionedmust be studied in live cells because the pigment bleaches inchemically fixed specimens. Nineteen valid species are recognizedand dichotomously keyed according to these characteristics.Twenty-seven other species and varieties, described after Ehrenberg'srevision, are synonyms or species indeterminata A new species.S.araucanus, is described from South American lakes. It is asmall, broadly trumpet-shaped Stentor with symbiotic algae,vermiform macronucleus and blue-green cortical granules. Stentoraraucanus is probably euplanktic and restricted to the southernhemisphere. Stentor auriculalus Kahl. 1932 sensu Wang (1934)is recognized as a new species, Condylostoma wangi, and transferredto the genus Condylostoma. New nomenclatural corrections: Stentorbaicalius nom. nov. (pro S.pygmaeus, preoccupied). S loricatiisnom. corr. (for S.loricata), S.ruber nom. corr. (for S.ruhra).     

On the Co-occurrence of Coumarin, o-Coumaric Acid, and Melilotic Acid in Gliricidia sepium and Dipteryx odorata

The presence of coumarin, o-coumaric acid, and melilotic acidhas been shown in leaf tissue of Gliricidia sepium and Dipteryxodorata. The formation of these compounds in relation to leafmaturation is described and their possible bio-synthetic interrelationshipsdiscussed. Qualitative and quantitative chromato-graphic methodsfor their determination are described.     

Ultrastructural observations on marine choanoflagellates (Choano-flagellida, Acanthoecidae) from the coast of Thailand: species of Apheloecion gen.nov

Three species of loricate choanoflagellates (Choanoflagdlida,Acanthoecidae), collected from the Andaman Sea near Phuket Island(SW Thailand), have been described and referred to Apheloeciongen.nov. (holotype: A. quadrispinum sp.nov.). All species possessa single-chambered lorica composed of one transverse costs overlaidby a limited number of longitudinal costae which converge posteriorly.Anteriorly the longitudinal costae protrude above the transversecosta as sharp pointed spines. In A. quadrispinum sp.nov. andA. pentacanthum sp.nov. the lorica is terminated by a shortposterior spine, whereas in A. articulatum sp.nov. the pedicelis much more prominent, consisting of several costal stripswhich are joined end-to-end. The species of Apheloecion appearto be most closely related to species of Calliacantha and Monocosta.None of the species described are so far known from localitiesoutside the Andaman Sea.     

HYDROBIIDAE (GASTROPODA: HYDROBIOIDEA) FROM THE RIBEIRA VALLEY, S.E. BRAZIL, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW CAVERNICOLOUS SPECIES

Potamolithus karsticus n. sp. and Potamolithus troglo-bius n.sp., two Brazilian aquatic cavesnails (Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae),are described. P. troglobius is blind and depigmented, and isthe first stygobiontic snail to be described from Brazil Additionally, specimens of Potamolithus ribeirensis Pilsbry,1911 were collected near the type locality for comparison withthe new cave species (Received 2 December 1993; accepted 20 June 1994)     

Structure and Development of Stomata on the Vegetative and Floral Organs of Some Amaryllidaceae

The structure and development of stomata in 10 Amaryllidaceousmembers are described. The study is made on the leaves and floralorgans of Amaryllis belladona, Crinum asiaticum, C. bulbispermum,C. latifolium, C. pratense, Pancratium sp., Polianthes tuberosa,and Zephyranthes atamsco, and on leaves of Agave sp. and Curculigoorchioides. In most of the organs of the different plants studiedmore than one type of stoma occur, even on the same surface.However, the stomata are largely anomocytic in Amaryllis, Crinum,Pancratium, Polianthes, and Zephyranthes, but they are tetracyticin Agave and Curculigo. An increase in the number of subsidiarycells in teracytic, tricytic, paracytic, and stomata with onesubsidiary cell has been noted. It may be due to wall formationin the subsidiary cells or by the neighbouring perigenes assumingtheir form. The range of variation in different types of stomatain each organ has been studied. Abnormal features such as juxtaposedor superimposed contiguous stomata, connections between guardcells of nearby stomata, transformation of meristemoids intoepidermal cells are observed. The development of different typesof stomata in different organs of the same plant is perigenous.The systematic position of different genera is discussed inlight of the present findings. A method of preparing epidermalimprints by the use of Depex, a mounting medium, and white ofan egg is also described.     

TAXONOMIC REVIEW OF THE TREE SNAIL AMPHIDROMUS ALBERS, 1850 (PULMONATA: CAMAENIDAE) IN THAILAND AND ADJACENT AREAS: SUBGENUS AMPHIDROMUS

Extensive series of Amphidromus Albers, 1850 were collectedfrom low-altitude areas (30–500 m above sea level)in Thailand, Laos, Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia between1993 and 2004. Data on shell colour, genital and spermatophoremorphology, and radular structure are presented. Five speciesof Amphidromus (Amphidromus) are reviewed, of which four occurin Thailand. Intraspecific variation between populations ofAmphidromus (Amphidromus) atricallosus (Gould, 1843) is considered;three subspecies are accepted and a new subspecies described.Subspecies of A. (A.) inversus (Müller, 1774) and A. (A.)schomburgki (Pfeiffer, 1861) are reconsidered, and a new subspeciesof the latter is described. A dichotomous key to the speciesand subspecies of Amphidromus (Amphidromus) in Thailand is provided. (Received 7 May 2004; accepted 31 March 2005)     

Genetic Control of Leaf Morphology: A Partial View

The partial-shoot theory of the leaf was a controversial hypothesisrevived by Arber and supported by her morphological and anatomicalstudies. This theory highlighted the parallels between leavesand shoots and contrasted with an alternative view that leaves,with their limited growth potential, are completely distinctfrom shoots. Pea morphological mutants with altered growth potentialin their compound leaves are described. The unifoliata mutanthas a limited growth potential relative to wild-type;cochleata,afila and insecatus have extended potentials. Characterizationof theunifoliata mutation and gene expression patterns indicatethat unifoliata is a common factor in pea compound leaf andfloral shoot development, and so provides rudimentary supportfor the idea that some leaves have shoot-like characteristics.Tomato leaves are also considered to lend tentative support.The afila and insecatus leaf forms are described as bipinnateand weakly bipinnate, respectively. These and the tendril-lessmutant are potential phenocopies of legume relatives, an ideabased on Vavilov's law of homologous series of variation. Arberillustrated, but did not articulate in genetical terms, thatmorphological variation in structures within an individual plantcan be interpreted as reiteration of design. Analogous withVavilov's view, this can be considered a consequence of thesame genetic programme in a different location.Copyright 2001Annals of Botany Company Agnes Arber, compound leaf, genetics, knotted1, legume, morphology, mutant, partial-shoot, pea, Pisum sativum, unifoliata, Vavilov     

Descriptions of five new species of Haplostylus (Mysidacea-Crustacea) from South West Australia

Five new species, Haplostylus flagelliforma sp. nov., H.similissp. nov., H.multispinosus sp. nov., H.uthupus sp. nov. and H.disparsp. nov., are described from the south-west coast of Australia.These new species are distinguishable from each other and fromthe other allied species by the structure of the pleopods ofthe male, and by the armature of the telson and the uropods.     

Breeding Systems in New Zealand Plants: I. Fuchsia

The three New Zealand Fuchsia species have heteromorphic flowerspreviously described as heterostyled. F. excorticata and F.perscandens are shown to be gynodioecious and F. procumbenstrioecious. The frequencies of the two forms in several populationsof F. excorticata are given.     

New mysids from the South Australian coastal waters: Paranchialina secunda sp. nov.; Leptomysis longisquama sp. nov. and Doxomysis johnsoni sp. nov.

Three new species are described, Paranchialina secunda. Leptomysislongisquama and Doxomysis johnsoni from the coastal waters ofSouth West Australia.     

中国草螟亚科带草螟属、丽草螟属和双带草螟属的研究及带草螟属二新种记述

对中国草螟亚科3个近缘属：带草螟属 Metaeuchromius Bleszynski、丽草螟属Euchromius Guenée和双带草螟属 Miyakea Marumo进行了研究。该3属在中国已记录12个种,包括带草螟属Metaeuchromius两新种：黄色带草螟 M. fulvusalis sp. Nov.,模式产地广西,与褐带草螟 M. circe Bleszynski近缘;灰色带草螟 M. grisalis sp. Nov.,模式产地浙江,与云南带草螟 M. yuennanensis (Caradja)近缘。对新种给出了描述、外生殖器特征图和与近缘种的比较。并提供了带草螟属中国已知种检索表。     

Addenda Clavariacea: I. Two new PteruloId Genera and Deflexula

The genera Allantula (one sp.) and Parapterulicium (two spp.)are described from Brazil. The first has decumbent, cystidiateand unbranched fruit-bodies. The second has gloeocystidia anddichophyses, neither of which have yet been recorded in Pteruloidgenera. In the revision of Deflexula, ten species are recognized, fourbeing transferred from Mucronella and Pterula, and three beingdescribed as new, namely, D. major, D. mangiformu, and D. sulcispora.     

Epidermal Structure of Psilotales and Stomatal Ontogeny of Tmesipteris tannensis Bernh.

Mature epidermis and cuticles of the two genera of Pailotales,viz. Psilotum nudum and Tmesipteris tannensis and the stomatalontogeny of the latter are described.     

FURTHER STUDIES ON THE TAXONOMY AND BIOLOGY OF THE OCTOCORAL-FEEDING GENUS PHYLLODESMIUM EHRENBERG, 1831 (NUDIBRANCHIA: AEOLIDOIDEA)

The aeolid nudibranch genus Phyllodesmium (Mollusca: Gastropoda)is reviewed, three new species are described and further informationon the biology, anatomy and distribution on the eight previouslyknown species is reported. The genus Ennoia Bergh, 1896 is considereda synonym of Phyllodesmium and the type species Ennoia briareusredescribed. The genus Phyllodesmium is unique amongst the aeolidsin feeding on octocoral cnidarians. This has led to the evolutionof nudibranch- zooxanthellae symbioses, zooanthellae being obtainedfrom the octocoral prey. The adaptations developed throughoutthe genus are described and possible relationships between thespecies proposed. (Received 6 January 1990; accepted 20 May 1990)     

Structure and Development of Stomata in Some Leptosporangiate Ferns

The structure and development of stomata are described for 17species of leptosporangiate ferns. In these species the maturestomata are anomocytic, diacytic, Pyrrosia(applied), tetracytic,suspended, or floating type. Stomata are present on both surfacesof floating as well as sub merged leaves of Azolla and Marsilea.In a few species twin stomata, arrested development, and persistentstomatal initials are present Floating stomata result from disintegrationof the anticlinal suspending wall in Pleopeltis, and by detachmentand displacement in Azolla pinnata. The development of stomatais haplocheilic, syndetocheilic, or syndetohaplocheilic. InCyathea spinulosa the guard cell nuclei divide amitoticallyand the resulting two daughter nuclei occupy the opposite polesof the guard cells     

Complete larval and early juvenile development of the mangrove crab Perisesarma fasciatum (Crustacea: Brachyura: Sesarmidae) from Singapore, with a larval comparison of Parasesarma and Perisesarma

The complete larval development of the sesarmid crab Perisesarmafasciatum (Lanchester, 1900) from Singapore was obtained fromlaboratory culture. All four zoeal stages, the megalopa andthe first crab stage are described and illustrated. The morphologicalcharacteristics of the larvae of P. fasciatum are compared withthose of other known larvae of the genera Perisesarma and Parasesarma.The larval morphology of P. fasciatum clearly presents the typicalcombination of features that characterize sesarmid larvae. Overall,larval stages are very similar in Perisesarma and Parasesarmaand it is impossible to distinguish these two genera by larvalmorphology.     

Development of Perithecia and Reproductive Structures in Two Species of Ceratocystis

Two species of the fungus Ceratocystis are described which havebeen isolated from beetle galleries in Japanese larch. The detaileddevelopment of reproductive structures is described in each,confirming the work of Varitchak in the case of C. piceae. C.autographa is diagnosed as a new heterothallic species.     

Two new species of Siriella (Crustacea--Mysidacea) from the southwest coast of Australia

Two new species of Siriella, S.australiensis sp. nov. and S.spinulasp. nov., are described here. Siriella australiensis is distinguishedby the character of the third and fourth pleopods of the male.Siriella spinula is characterized by the short frontal spineof the labrum and the short linguiform telson showing sexualdimorphism.     

Two new species of Anisomysis (Crustacea-Mysidacea) from the Lakshadweep archipelago

Two new species of Mysidacea belonging to the genus Anisomysisare described from the Lakshadweep archipelago. Anisomysis spinatais characterized by a deeply cleft telson and is unique in havinga spine on the endopod of uropod. The broadly truncate apexof the telson and the stout apical spines are the distinctivecharacters of A.truncata.     

EOLID NUDIBRANCHIATE MOLLUSCA FROM BARBADOS

17 species of eolid nudibranch are described from Barbados inthe Caribbean sea of which three are new: Cuthona iris, Cuthonabarbadiana and Learchis evelinae. The present status of thefamilies Cuthonidae and Facelinidae is discussed. (Received 8 July 1982;